完成时态的讲解与练习

1、现在完成时的用法和练习题. 用法：（ 1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。 与一般过去时的区别 ： 强调过去 一般过去式 强调对现在的影响 - 现在完成时 。试比较：I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。 （现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。 （昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）My mother went to Shanghai.Where is your mother? -She has gone to Shanghai. I didn t have breakfast.I haven t have brea

2、kfast yet.（2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被 副词修饰。 如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。 （现在我不饿了）just 、 already 、 yet 等3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语 。He has been in the army for ten years. I have studied English since 1980.4）表示说话前发生过

3、一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语过”，表示次数：次 once; 二次：twice, 三次：three times ever, never 等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京二次。I have been to Shanghai twice.She has watched this film three times.I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.141. 我已经在深圳住了十年。2. 我的叔叔自从I960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。4我自从1

4、996年就认识玛丽5. He has lived in Nanji ngthe year before last.6. I ve known himwe were children.7. Our teacher has studied Japa nesethree years.8. She has bee n away from the cityabout ten years.9. It s about ten yearsshe left the city.构成:(1) 肯定句：|have / has don(2) 否定句：.have/has not done(3) 般疑问句： Have/ H

5、as . done .?Yes, . have/has.No, .have/has not.(4) 常用的时间状语有：already已经”肯定句的中间和末尾处n ever从不”中间处ever曾经”疑问句和肯定句的中间处just刚刚”中间处yet已经”、还”疑问句、否定句的末尾处 )或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用A. already 和 yet 区别：I have already fini shed my homework.already 用在，位于。 已经”Have you fini shed your homework yet?yet用在和中，位于。 仍然，还，已经B.

6、for与since区别：for +时间段since+时间点I have lived in Changchuntwo years.I have bee n here 用 si nee 和 for 填空1. two years4. 19997. 4 hours10. lunch time13.she was a child7 oclock.2. two years ago5. yesterday8. an hour11. she left here14,more tha n twenty years3. last month6. 4 o clock9. we were childre n12, s

7、he was very young.have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区另U(一) .have(has) been in表示 在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，女口： since, for, how long等。例如:Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 此外还有这些搭配：have bee n here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have bee n here (there) / abro

8、ad(二) .have(has)been to表示 曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如:I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？H ave(has) been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to

9、 that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(三).have(has) gone to意为到某地去了 ”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在 现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去Jack Joh nson has go ne to Lon do n.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。I.用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: WhereLi Fei?B: Heto Hai nan Is

10、la nd.A: How longhethere?B: Hethere for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Isla nd?B: Sorry, In everthere.A: How many timesLi Feito that place?B: Hethere only on ce.II.用 have/has been to/in,have gone to

11、及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? Hehis coun try.2) Davidthe park just now.3) Joh nEn gla nd since he came back.4) How longhavethis village?5) The SmithsBeiji ng for years.6) you everAmerica? - Yes, Ithere many times.7) Ithis school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? Hethe farm.9) Whenhe? Hean hour

12、 ago.10) Would you like tothe zoo with me? -Yes, but Ithere before.11) Whereyounow?Ithe zoo12) He ofte nswimmi ng.13)youthere last year?14)they ofte nskati ng in win ter?四.注意现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性 动词来代替。（就是说：有for或since的句子里，一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：borrow 宀 keep, buy 宀 ha

13、ve, begin/start be on, die be dead, join be in/be a member of-, come/arrivebe here/income/get back be backgo/leave be away(from)marry be married(to),【练一练】在现在完成时中，在与 和引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的 动词来代替 .例如：borrow 宀, buy 宀,begin/startdie t,joi n come/arrivecome/get back tgo/leave t arry t练习1) The film bega

14、n two minutes ago.The film for .2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I a pen for .3) He left Fuzhou just now.He Fuzhou for five minutes.4) He came back two years ago.He for .5) He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for . arrive at/in sw.get to/reach e/go/move to sw.t be in sw./at school/at

15、 home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA last year.I the USA since .3) I went home yesterday.I home for .4) They came here last week.They here since . come/go back, return t be backcome/go out t be out1) He came out two years ago.H

16、e for .2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We to Fuzhou since . become t be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I a teacher for .2) The river became dirty last year.The river dirty for . close t be closed,openbe open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop for .2) The door opened at six in the morning.The do

17、or for six hours. get up t be up ， die t be dead leave sw. t be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleept be asleepfinish/end t be overmarry t be married1) I got up two hours ago.I since .2) He left Fuzhou just now.He Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for .4) The meeting fin

18、ished at six.The meeting for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I since .6) They married in 1990.They since . start/begin to do sth. t do sth. begin t be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I at this school since .2) The film began two minutes ago.The film for borrow t keep ， lose t

19、not have ， buy t have ， put on t wear catch/get a cold t have a c， old get to know t know1) They borrowed it last week.They it since .2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I a pen for .3) I got to know him last year.I him since .4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I my glasses for . have/has gone to ha

20、ve bee n in1) He has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the armyt be a league/a Party member/a soldiert be a member of the league/the Partyt be in the league/the Party /the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.He a the for two years.He the league for

21、 two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a for .My brother in for two years.巩固练习一根据提示完成句子1. 他的爷爷去世三年了。His grandfather three years ago.His grandfather has 3 years.His grandfather has 3 years ago.2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？How long have youthe bike?3 我买这本故事书三年了。I this story book three ye

22、ars ago.I have this story book three years ago.I have this story bookthree years.4. 他参军十年了。He the Army three years ago.He has the Army .He has a the Army for 3 years.5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary to John ten years ago.Mary to John for ten years.6.我入团 2 年了。I two years ago.I a for two years.I a of for two years

23、.I the for two years.7. The film began two minutes ago.The film for .8. I bought a pen two hours ago.I a pen for .9. He left Fuzhou just now.He Fuzhou for five minutes.10. He came back two years ago.He for .11. He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .二改错1. Hurry up! They wait for us.2. A

24、re you remembering his name?3. I limking the film very much.4. I ll be glad if it will snowsoon.5. Does she goes to school every day?6. I have seen Betty yesterday7. I didn t see the headmaster for weeks.8. He s just gone out, isn t he?9. His grandpa has died for two weeks. 三根据提示完成句子1. 他的爷爷去世三年了。His

25、 grandfather three years ago.His grandfather has 3 years.His grandfather has 3 years ago.2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？How long have you the bike?3 我买这本故事书三年了。I this story book three years ago.I have this story book three years ago.I have this story book three years.4.他参军十年了。He the Army three years ago.He has the

26、 Army .He has a the Army for 3 years.5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary to John ten years ago.Mary to John for ten years.四 . 汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。 五单项选择()1、 Both hisparents looksad . Maybetheywhats happened to himA . knewB . haveknownC .mustknowD .will know()2、 He has _ beento Shangh

27、ai ,hashe ?A . alreadyB .neverC .everD . still()4、 The famouswriter one new bookin the pasttwo years .A . is writingB .waswritingC .wroteD .has written()5、 Our country a lot so far . Yes. I hopeit will be even _A . haschanged ;wellB. changed ; goodC . haschanged ;betterD. changed ; better()6、 ZhaoLa

28、n _already inthis school for twoyears .A . was ;studyingB . will ; studyC . has ;studiedD . are ; studying()7、 We _ Xiao Li since shewas a little girl .A . knowB.had knownC . have knownD . knew()8、HarryPotter isa very nice film.I_ it twice .A . willseeB . have seenC . sawD .see()9、 These farmers hav

29、e beentothe United States Really ? When thereA . will theygoB.did they goC . do theygoD.have they gone()10、 _ you _ yourhomework yet ?Yes . Iit a momentago .A . Did ; do; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC . Have ; done ; havefinishedD .will ; do ; finish() 11、 Hisfather _ thePartysince 1978 .A . joi

30、nedB . has joinedC.was inD . has been in()12、 Do you knowhim well? Sure .We _friendssince ten years ago .A . wereB . have beenC . have become D . have made()13、How long have youhere ?一Abouttwo mon thsA . beenB . goneC . comeD. arrived()14、Hurryup! The playfor teni minutes .A . has begunB . had begun

31、C . has been onD. began()15、Itten yearssi nee he left the army .A . isB . hasC . willD. was()16、MissGree n is ntinthe office . sheto the library .A .hasgoneB . wentC .will goD. has been()17、Mypare ntsShandong for tenyears .A. have been inB . havebee n toC . have gone toD . havebee n()18、The stude nt

32、s haveclea ned the classroom,?A. so theyB. dontheyC. have theyD. haven they()19、has Mr Whitebeen a member ofGreener China since heto China?A. Howsoon,comesB. Howoften, gotC. Howlong,cameD. Howfar, arrived()20、Hisuncleformore than 9 years.A. hascomehereB. has started to workC. haslived 1thereD. has l

33、eft the university过去完成时一【含义】过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去”如：He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否给 Peter 写信了。二.【结构】 基本形式：had +过去分词。如：We had reached the top of the hill before midni ght.在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。 否定形式:had + not + 过去分词。如：They hadn t finished the work when we g(btbere.我们到那儿

34、时他们还没有完成工作。 一般疑问句形式:had提到句首，回答用Yes,主语+ had. / No,主语+ hadn t.如:Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？Yes, he had. (No, he hadn是的，他告诉了。(不,他没有。) .被动语态形式：had + been +过去分词。女口：When I got there, the wi ndows had bee n broke n.当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。三【用法】 用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。 如 :My father asked

35、 me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。 用在“after / before / when +过去时态从句或有“by过去时间的句子中。如:Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.在我回到家前 ,妈妈已经把饭做好了。 和由 for 或 since 引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 如:He had worked in that factory for five years before he moved here. 他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年

36、。1. 与一般过去时 ：和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，但强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成； 而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、last year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。We learned another English song last month. 上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。2. 与现在完成时 ：现在完成时表示动

37、作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而表示动作 相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：I have been there twice. 我去过那儿两次。I had been there twice before I went to school. 在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。练习I. 从下面各题所给的四个选项中 , 选出最佳选项。()1. Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France? No, when I France, he to China.A. had arrived, had goneB. arrived

38、to, wentC. got to, had goneD. had got to, would go()2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests when he at the party.A. left, had arrivedB. left, arrivedC. had left, had arrivedD. had left, arrived()3. We four thousand new words by the end of last year.A. had learnedB. have learnedC. learnedD. will have