高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧

1、一、2016-2017 年高三英语培优补差学案二 gongli/2016/11/14阅读理解之主旨大意题 阅读技巧 “tips”（一）题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设 题。（二）题干表现形式1. what would be the best title of the passage?2. which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3. what is the passage mainly about?4. what do

2、es the text mainly talk about?5. what is the (main) purpose of this article?6. the purpose of the passage is _ .7. whats the topic of the article?8. what is the main idea of the passage?9. the passage is intended to _.（三）1.应试技巧主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“ 主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以： 读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾

3、段抓大意2. 无明显主题句时高频信息词一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个 反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。exercises.text 1people have different tastes in food. some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. others prefer vege

4、tables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, french fries and a soft drink.主题句在_ text 2some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. others prefer to be

5、 left to work on their own. still others like a democratic discussion type of class. no one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.主题句在_ text 3shu pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬) by snakes. “it was seeing people with snake bites (伤口) that led me to

6、this career,” he said.in 1963, after his army service, shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of chinese medicine. as part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. there he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their live

7、s.“i was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer i met. it was a very hot afternoon. the old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. he at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. in no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poi

8、son spreading to his heart. rushing home he shouted bring me the knife! minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”“the sad story touched me so much that i decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” shu said.主题句在_text 4nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tir

9、e goes flat. few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. in fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.主题句

10、在_text 5a new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway systemas part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, the two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing fo

11、r two lanes of traffic in each direction.in the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. the lighting is at the top of the tunnel, the wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofin

12、g covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. along the length of the tunnel. the fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. other systems in the tunnel will include em

13、ergency phones.the passage is mainly about _.a. the construction of a roadb. the design of a roadc. the construction of two railwaysd. the design of two tunnels4.注意标志词文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：1)关注一些表强调转折关系的连词but,?yet,?however,?in?fact,?indeed 等2)?关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：on the whole, in?brief/short,?above

14、 all, after all, all?in?all,?in conclusion,?in a word, in short, as a result, therefore, thus 等?3)?如果主题句有 show, indicate 和 suggest 等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。 ? （四）错误干扰项选项的特点：以偏概全。只是文中某个具体事实或细节，或是一句没有展开论述的评论。 主观臆断。读者往往根据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片面退出的 结论而忽视了作者的见解。无关信息。既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息。exercises.text 6lung cancer is

15、 the worst cancer killer in america . about 160,440 americans die each year from it. more than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the lung cancer organization.the main idea of the passage is _.a. lung cancer is the no.1 cancer killerb. smoking is a bad habitc. lco advises p

16、eople to stop smokingd. why did people die of lung cancer?text 7smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. experiments show that cigarette smoking can causecancer. besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can causeother health problems. for example, i

17、t can give one a “smokers cough”. finally, studies have showeasy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. is it worth it?what is the main idea ?a. smoking can cause cancer.b. smoking is a terrible killerc. smoking is ha

18、rmful to our health.d. an experiment on smoking.练习一：a jintan, jiangsu: the 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. they had just climbed their way to the top rung( 阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the fifth national hua luogeng gold cup mathematic

19、s contest ( 竞赛)on tuesday evening.the 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. it is just unbelievable! said a teacher from guangdong province.named after chinas most famous ma

20、thematician, hua luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. in less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the state education commission( 国家教委) as the countrys biggest and best contest of its kind.this news story is mainly about _.a. when the contest startedb. how the contest

21、 got its namec. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contestd. the 5th national hua luogeng gold cup mathematics contest练习二fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. some fat people have a large stomach and nowaistlinewhich makes them look round, rather like apples. others are fa

22、tter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped.there are two types of fat: external fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the

23、 apples have more internal fat than external fat. this seems to be what causes the health problems.the best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. but unfortunately it seems that dieting ( 节食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smal

24、ler pear. at the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.the text is mainly about _.a. fatness and health b. ways to lose weighc. peoples figures d. distribution of fat练习三in 1901, h.g. wells, an english writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. when t

25、he explorers ( 探 险者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. they expressed their surprise to the moon people they met. in turn, the moon peopleexpressed their surprise. why, they asked, are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner spac

26、e?h.g. wells could only imagine travel to the moon. in 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. people today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. how ever, the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one. a growing number of scientists are seriously think

27、ing about it.underground systems are already in place. many cities have underground car parks. in some cities, suctokyo, seoul and montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. the chunnel,隧道)a tunnel( connecting england and france, is now complete.but what about underground cities? japans t

28、aisei corporation is designing a network of undergroundsystem, called alice cities. the designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using undergrospace for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. a太solar阳能穹dome(顶)wouldcoverthe whole city.supporters of underground development say that bui

29、lding down rather than building up is a good way touse the earths space. the surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. h.g. wemoon people would agree. would you?what would be the best title for the text?a. alice citiescities of the futureb. space travel with h.g. well

30、s c. enjoy living underground d. building down, not up练习四shu pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. it was seeing people with snake bites thame to this career, he said.in 1963, after his army service, shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of chinesemedicine. as par

31、t of his studies he had to work in the mountains. there he often heard of people who had thearms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.i was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer i met. it was a very hot afternoon. the old man wapulling grass in his fields when he fe

32、lt a pain in his left hand. he at once realized he had been bitten bypoisonous snake. in no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his herushing home he shouted bring me the knife! minutes later the man lost his arm forever.the sad story touched me so much tha

33、t i decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,shu said.the best headline for this newspaper article is _.a. astonishing medicine b. farmer loses armsc. dangerous bites d. snake doctor练习五james cleveland owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves. his family moved

34、 to cleveland when he was 9. there, a school teacher asked the youth his name.j.c., he replied.she thought he had said jesse, and he had a new name.owens ran his first race at age 13. after high school, he went to ohio state university. he had to wopart time so as to pay for his education. as a seco

35、nd-year student, in the big ten games in 1935, he set everecords than he would in the olympic games a year later.a week before the big ten meet, owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs. his back hurt so mucthat he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car tha

36、t drove him to the meerefused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event. he did try, and results are in the record book.the stage was set for owens victory at the olympic games in berlin the next year, and his success wocome to be regarded as not only athleti

37、c(体育的)butalsopolitical. hitler did not congratulate any of the african-american winners.it was all right with me, he said years later. i didnt go to berlin to shake hands with him, anywhaving returned from berlin. he received no telephone call from the president of his own country, either. in fact,

38、he was not honored by the united states until 1976, four years before his death.owens olympic victories made little difference to him. he earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, motorcycles, and dogs.sure, it bothered ( 烦扰)me, he said

39、later. but at least it was an honest living. i had to eat.in time, however, his gold medals ( 奖牌) changed his life. they have kept me alive over the years, he once said. time has stood still for me. that golden moment dies hard.which of the following is a suitable title for the text?a. jesse owens,

40、a great american athleteb. golden moment a life-time strugglec. making a living as a sportsmand. how to be a successful athlete?限时阅读词数：364标准时间：6 分钟一people do not analyze every problem they meet. sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. they often accep

41、t the opinions or ideas of other people. other times they begin to act without thinking. they try to find a solution by trial and error. however, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. there are six stages in analyzing a problem.first the person must recognize

42、 that there is a problem. for example, sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.next the thinker must define the problem. before sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. for i

43、nstance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. he must make his problem more specific.now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. for instance, suppose sam decided that his bike does not work beca

44、use there is something wrong with the gear wheels. at this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. he can talk to his friends at the bike shop. he can look at his gears carefully.after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution

45、. take sam as an illustration. his suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker sud

46、denly sees something new or sees something in a new way. sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. he immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.finally the solution is tested. sam cleans the gear wheels and fin

47、ds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. in short , he has solved the problem.what is the best title for this passage?a. six stages for repairing sams bicyclea. possible ways to problem-solvingc. necessities of problem analysisd. suggestions for analyzing a problem限时阅读二grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. a man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. he can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.