建环专业英语词汇

1、 建环专业英语词汇ahu air hundling unit 空调箱 air conditioning load空调负荷air distribution气流组织air handling unit 空气处理单元air shower 风淋室air wide pre.drop空气侧压降aluninum accessaries in clean room 洁净室安装铝材as-completed drawing 修改竣工图ayout 设计图blass stop valve 铜闸阀canvas connecting termingal帆布接头centigrade scale 摄氏温度chiller acc

2、essaries 水冷柜机排水及配料chiller asembly 水冷柜机安装工费chiller unit 水冷柜机基础clean bench 净化工作台clean class 洁净度clean room 洁净室 无尘室correction factor修正系数dcc dry coll units 干盘管district cooling 区域供冷direct return system异程式系统displacement ventilation置换通风drawn No.图号elevation立面图entering air temp进风温度 entering water temp进水温度 fah

3、renheit scale 华氏温度fan coil unit 风机盘管ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组 final 施工图flow velocity 流速fresh air supply 新风供给fresh air unit 新风处理单元ground source heat pump地源热泵gross weight 毛重heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节hepa high efficiency pariculate air 高效过滤网high efficiency particulate air filt

4、ers高效空气过滤器horizontal series type水平串联式hot water supply system生活热水系统humidity 湿度hydraulic calculation水力计算isometric drawing轴测图leaving air temp 出风温度 leaving water temp出水温度 lood vacuum pump中央集尘泵mau make up air hundling unit schedule 外气空调箱natural smoke exhausting自然排烟net weight 净重noise reduction消声nominal di

5、ameter 公称直径oil-burning boiler燃油锅炉one way stop peturn valve 单向止回阀operation energy consumption运行能耗pass box 传递箱particle sizing and counting method 计径计数法Piping accessaries 水系统辅材piping asembly 配管工费plan 平面图rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元 ratio controller 比例调节器 ratio flow control 流量比例控制

6、 ratio gear 变速轮 ratio meter 比率计 rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的 rationale （基本）原理；原理的阐述 rationality 有理性，合理性 rationalization proposal 合理化建义 ratio of compression 压缩比 ratio of expansion 膨胀比 ratio of run-off 径流系数 ratio of slope 坡度 ratio of specific heat 比热比 raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的 raw coal 原煤 raw cotton 原棉 raw crude

7、 producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气 raw data 原始数据 raw fuel stock 粗燃料油 raw gas 未净化的气体 real gas 实际气体 realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线 realm 区域，范围，领域 real work 实际工作 ream 铰孔，扩孔 rear 后部，背面，后部的 rear arch 后拱 rear axle 后轴 rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉 rear pass 后烟道 rearrange 调整；重新安排布置 rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列布置 reason 理由，原因；推理 reaso

8、nable 合理的，适当的 reassembly 重新装配 reaumur 列氏温度计 reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片 recalibration 重新校准刻度 recapture 重新利用，恢复 recarbonation 再碳化作用 recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池 receiving tank 贮槽 recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中 receptacle 插座孔；容器 reception of heat 吸热 recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器 recharge well 回灌井 reci

9、procal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的 reciprocal action 反复作用 reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机 reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机 reciprocal grate 往复炉排 reciprocal motion 住复式动作 reciprocal proportion 反比例 reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机 reciprocate 往复（运动），互换 reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的 reciprocating ( grate ) bar 往复式炉排片 reciproc

10、ating compressor 往复式压缩机 reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机 reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组 reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵 reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵 reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机 recirculate 再循环 recirculated 再循环的 recirculated air 再循环空气由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气 recirculate

11、d air by pass 循环空气旁路 recircilated air intake 循环空气入口 recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统 recirculating 再循环的，回路的 recirculating air duct 再循环风道 recirculating fan 再循环风机 recirculating line 再循环管路 recirculating pump 再循环泵 recirculation 再循环 recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水 recirculation ratio 再循环比 recircula

12、tion water 再循环水 reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复 reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置 reclamation 回收，再生，再利用reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收recombination 再化结合，复合，恢复 recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准 reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究 record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图 recording apparatus 记录仪器 recording barometer 自记气压计 recording card 记录卡

13、片 recording facility 记录装置 recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计 recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸 recording pressure gauge 自记压力计 recording water-gauge 自记水位计 recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的 recoverable heat 可回收的热量 recoverable oil 可回收的油 recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热 recovery plant 回收装置 recovery rate 回收率relief

14、 damper 泄压风门return air flame plate回风百叶Seat air supply座椅送风Shaft seal 轴封 Shaft storage 搁架式贮藏 Shake 摇动，抖动 Shakedown run 试车，调动启动，试运转 Shake-out 摇动，抖动 Shakeproof 防振的，抗振的 Shaker 振动器 Shaking 摇摆，振动 Shaking grate 振动炉排 Shaking screen 振动筛 Shallow 浅层，浅的，表面的 Shank 柄，杆，柱体，轴 Shape 造成型，形状态模型。轮廓 Shape cutting 仿形切割 Sh

15、aped steel 型钢 Shape factor 形状因数 Sharp 尖的，急剧的，灵敏的，准确的，明显的 Sharp bend 小半径弯头 Sharp freezer 快速冻结器，低温冻结间接受未经降温的货物并使之冻结的冷藏间，其温度通常维持在-29 C到-15 C之间 Sharp freezing 快速冻结，低温冻结在低温库内冻结产品Sharp freezing room 急冻间 sheath 外壳，复板，外套 Sheathe 覆盖，装鞘，包，套 Sheave 滑车轮，凸轮盘 Sheet lead 铅皮 Sheet metal 金属片，金属薄板 Shell and coil cond

16、enser 壳管式冷凝器盘管装置在壳内的一种冷凝器，冷却液在管内鞫淠闹评浼猎诳枪苤鋆 Shell and coil evaporator 壳管式蒸发器 Shell and coil heat exchanger 壳管式热交换器 Shell and tube condenser 壳管式冷凝器冷凝器的一种，冷却液在管内流动，而冷凝的制冷剂在壳内 Shell and tube cooler 壳管式冷却管 Shell and tube evaporator 壳管式蒸发器管束浸在沸腾的制冷剂中，而被冷却的流体则在管内流动的蒸发器 Shell and tube exchanger 壳管式换热器组管速装置在

17、壳体内，一种流体在管内流动，另一种流体在管壳之间流动 Shell and tube heat exchanger 壳管式热交换器 Shell and tube type condenser 壳管式冷凝器 Shell type attemperator 立式表面减温器，壳管减温器 Shield carbon-dioxide arc welding 二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊 Shielded arc welding 保护电弧焊 Shifting bearing 活动支座，移动式轴承 Shifting spanner 活络扳手 Shrinkage 收缩；收缩量 Shunt regulator pipe

18、 旁路调节管 Shunt valve 旁通阀 Shutoff damper 截止挡板，关闭风门 Shutoff valve 关闭阀，截止阀 Shutter grate 百叶炉篦，可调节的炉篦 Siamese connection 复式连接 Side opening with slide plate 插板式侧面风口 Side spacer （过热器）定距梳形管夹，梳形间隔，梳形卡子 Side wall 侧墙，侧水冷壁 Side wall inlet 侧墙进风口 Side wall register of horizontal and vertical louvers and shutters 带

19、垂直和水平百叶的侧墙送风品 Side wall register of vertical louvers and shutters 带重直百叶的侧墙送风口 Sightglass 观察窗 Signal 信号符号，信号 Signal alarm 信号报警，警报器 Signal bell 信号铃 Signal call device 信号呼叫装置 Signal equipment 信号设备 Signal light 信号灯 Simultaneous 同时的，同时发生的，联立的 Simultaneous factor 同时系数 Single-acting air pump 单动气泵 Single-ac

20、ting compressor 单作用压缩机 Single-acting pump 单动泵 Single admission 单侧进风 Single and double deflection grille 单层及双层百叶风口 Single branch pipe 单支管 Single collar pipe 单盘直管 Single column manometer 单管式压力计 Single column radiator 单柱散热器 Single duct air conditioning system 单风道空调系统空气经过集中设备调节后，由单风道分送至各不同区域的系统 Single-i

21、nlet fan 单进风通风机 Single lead 单管线 Single leaf damper 单页风口只有一个叶片的，并以铰链接于开口一侧的方形或矩形风门 Single package 单独整体式 Single-pass 单程的，单流的 Single path 单通路 Single-phase kilowatt hour meter 单相电度表 Single-phase motor 单相马达Single-phase three wire system 单相三线制 Single pipe district heating system 单区域供热系统 Single-range 单量程的

22、Single seated valve 单座阀 Single shell type absorption refrigerating machine 单筒吸收式制冷机 Single sided heating panel 单侧供暖辐射板 Single side draft hood 单面吸风罩 Single sleeve valve 单套阀 Single-stage absorption refrigerator 单极吸收式制冷机 Single-stage air compressor 单极空气压缩机 Single-stage centrifugal blower 单级离心鼓风机 Single

23、-stage centrifugal pump 单级离心泵 Single-stage compression 单级压缩 Single-stage cyclone 单级旋风除尘器 Single-stage plate type ionizing electronic air cleaner 单级极板型静电空气过滤器 Single-stage pump 单级泵 Single-stage radial compressor 单级离心压缩机 Single vane rotary compressor 单叶回转式压缩机，在压缩机中，转子沿定子的内圆周转动，在静止槽内滑动的一个叶片与转子不断接触，而使吸入

24、口和排出口隔开 Single way suction 单向吸入 Singular 单一的，奇异的，单数的 Sintered metallic filter 金属陶瓷过滤器 Siphon action 虹吸作用 Siphonage 虹吸作用 Siphon barometer 虹吸式气压计 Siphon head 虹吸压头 Siphon trap 虹吸水封 Sirocco fan 西洛可风机，多叶片前弯离心机 Site-assembled 现场装配的 Site plan 总平面图 Site planning 总平面设计 Situation 地点，位置，形势，情况 Skating rink 溜冰场

25、Skeleton diagram 轮廓图 Sketching board 绘图板 Sketch plan 草图，初步设计 skin-load 外围护结构负荷Skin temperature 皮肤温度，外壳温度 Skirtboard 侧护板，侧壁；踢脚板 Skirting air inlet 踢脚板进气口 Skirting heater 踢脚板放热器 Sky radiation 天空辐射Steam heating pipe蒸汽供热管道System accessaries 设备安装辅料System testing 系统调试费title 图名trasportation 设备吊运费two-speed

26、motor双速电机ultra low penetration air filter 超高空气效过滤器unidirectional air flow clean rooms单向流洁净室vacuum 真空valve and sub-asembly handing 阀门及配件安装工费vibration isolation减振virbrate free double poles terminal防震双球软接头water flow水流量water piping fittings 水管吊支架water to water plate heat exchangers板换water wide pre.drop水

27、侧压降 建筑环境与设备工程专业英语翻译A thermodynamic system is a region in space or a quantity of matter bounded by a closed surface. The surroundings include everything external to the system, and the system is separated from the surroundings by the system boundaries. These boundaries can be movable or fixed, real o

28、r imaginary.一个热力学系统是一个在空间或有事项的数量由一个封闭的表面范围内的区域。周围环境包括一切外部系统，系统是从周围环境隔开的系统边界。这些边界可以是动产或固定的，真实的或想象。The concepts that operate in any thermodynamic system are entropy and energy. Entropy measures the molecular disorder of a system. The more mixed a system, the greater its entropy; conversely, an orderly

29、 or unmixed configuration is one of low entropy. Energy has the capacity for producing an effect and can be categorized into either stored or transient forms as described in the following sections.熵和能量的概念，在任何热力学系统操作。熵措施分子系统紊乱。更为复杂的系统，其熵值越大，反之，有序或纯配置是低熵之一。能源已经产生效果的能力，并在下面的章节中所述，可以存储或短暂形式分类。Heat Q is

30、the mechanism that transfers energy across the boundaries of systems with differing temperatures, always toward the lower temperature. Heat is positive when energy is added to the system.Work is the mechanism that transfers energy across the boundaries of systems with differing pressures (or force o

31、f any kind), always toward the lower pressure. If the total effect produced in the system can be reduced to the raising of a weight, then nothing but work has crossed the boundary. Work is positive when energy is removed from the system. 热量Q与不同的温度，跨系统的边界传输能量总是向温度较低的机制。热是积极的，当能量被添加到系统中。功是指通过存在压差（任一种力

32、）的系统边界传递能量的作用过程，总是指向低压，如果系统中产生的总效果能被简化为一个重物的提升，那么只有功通过了边界，当能量从系统中一出时，功是正的。A property of a system is any observable characteristic of the system. The state of a system is defined by listing its properties. The most common thermodynamic properties are temperature T, pressure p, and specific volume v o

33、r density . Additional thermodynamic properties include entropy, stored forms of energy, and enthalpy.Frequently, thermodynamic properties combine to form other properties. Enthalpy h, a result of combining properties, is defined as: h=u+pv where u is the internal energy per unit mass系统属性是系统的任何观察到的特

34、征。系统状态的定义是通过列出其属性。最常见的热力学性质的温度T，压力P，和特定的体积V或密度。其他热力学性质 包括熵，能量储存形式，和焓。通常情况下，热力学性质相结合，形成其他属性。焓H，一个属性相结合的结果，被定义为：H = U + PV其中u是每单位质量的内部能量Each property in a given state has only one definite value, and any property always has the same value for a given state, regardless of how the substance arrived at t

35、hat state.A process is a change in state that can be defined as any change in the properties of a system. A process is described by specifying the initial and final equilibrium states, the path (if identifiable), and the interactions that take place across system boundaries during the process.一个给定的状

36、态的属性只有一个定值，和任何财产总是有相同的值给定的状态，不管物质如何达到那种状态。一个进程是一个状态的改变，在系统属性的任何改变，可作为定义。一个过程是指定的初始和最终的平衡状态，路径（如果识别），并采取跨系统的边界，在这个过程中发生的相互作用。A pure substance has a homogeneous and invariable chemical composition. It can exist in more than one phase, but the chemical composition is the same in all phases 一个周期进程的一个过程或

37、一个系列，其中系统的初始和最终状态是相同的的。因此，在一个周期结束时，所有属性具有相同的价值纯物质具有均匀的和不变的化学成分。它可以存在于超过一个阶段，但在各个阶段的化学成分是一样的liquid. If the temperature of the liquid is lower than the saturation temperature for the existing pressure, it is called either a subcooled liquid (the temperature is lower than the saturation temperature for

38、 the given pressure) or a compressed liquid (the pressure is 如果一种物质在饱和温度和压力的液体，它被称为饱和液体。如果液体的温度低于现有的压力的饱和温度，它被称为是过冷液体（温度低于给定压力的饱和温度）或压缩液体（压力大于饱和为给定的温度压力）。exists as a vapor at saturation temperature and pressure, it is called a saturated vapor. When the vapor is at a temperature greater than the satu

39、ration temperature, it is a superheated vapor. Pressure and temperature of a superheated vapor are independent properties, because the temperature can increase while pressure remains constant. Gases such as air at room temperature and pressure are highly 如果一种物质在饱和温度和压力的蒸气存在，它被称为饱和蒸气。当蒸汽温度大于饱和温度，它是一个

40、热蒸气。过热蒸汽压力和温度是独立的属性，因为温度增加，而压力保持不变。如在常温常压下空气的气体是高度过热蒸汽。and the irreversibility associated with the process. The concept of irreversibility provides added insight into the operation of cycles.热力学第二定律的区别和量化，只有在某一个方向，是可逆的（不可逆）进行的过程。第二定律可能在几个方面。一种方法是使用在一个开放的系统，并与进程关联的不可逆性的熵流的概念。不可逆转的概念到周期的运作提供额外的洞察力。The

41、 Carnot cycle, which is completely reversible, is a perfect model for a refrigeration cycle operating between two fixed temperatures, or between two fluids at different temperatures and each with infinite heat capacity. Reversible cycles have two important properties: (1) no refrigerating cycle may

42、have a coefficient of performance higher than that for a reversible cycle operated between the same temperature limits, and (2) all reversible cycles, when operated between the same temperature limits, have the same coefficient of performance 卡诺循环，这是完全可逆的，是一个完美的模型之间的两个固定的温度，或在不同温度和热容量无限每个的两种流体之间的制冷循

43、环的运行。可逆循环有两个重要的属性：（1）无制冷循环的性能系数之间相同的温度限制经营的可逆循环高于，（2）之间相同的温度极限运行时，所有可逆循环，同样的性能系数Flowing fluids in heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems can transfer heat, mass, and momentum. This chapter introduces the basics of fluid mechanics related to HVAC processes, reviews pertinen

44、t flow processes, and presents a general discussion of single-phase fluid flow analysis.流动的液体在加热，通风，空调和制冷系统，可以传递热量，质量和动量。本章介绍有关暖通空调过程的流体力学，评论相关的流程，基础知识，并提出了一种单相流体流动分析的一般性讨论。Fluids differ from solids in their reaction to shearing. When placed under shear stress, a solid deforms only a finite amount,

45、whereas a fluid deforms continuously for as long as the shear is applied. Both liquids and gases are fluids. Although liquids and gases differ strongly in the nature of molecular actions, their primary mechanical differences are in the degree of compressibility and liquid formation of a free surface

46、. In general, liquids are considered incompressible fluids; gases may range from compressible to nearly incompressible.流体与固体区别在于他们对剪切力的反应作用。在施加剪切力时，固体只发生有限的变形，而只要有剪切力的作用流体就会连续变形。流体不同于固体剪切他们的反应。当剪切应力下了坚实的变形量只有有限的，而流体的剪切变形。液体和气体都是流体。虽然液体和气体的分子运动特性有着很大的区别，但是他们的主要的力学区别在于可压缩性的程度和液体自由表面（界面）的形成。在一般来说，液体被认为

47、是不可压缩的流体，气体可能范围从可压缩到几乎不可。Viscosity is a measure of a fluids resistance to shear. Viscous effects are taken into account by categorizing a fluid as either Newtonian or non-Newtonian. In Newtonian fluids, the rate of deformation is directly proportional to the shearing stress; most fluids in the HVAC

48、industry (e.g., water, air, most refrigerants) can be treated as Newtonian. In non-Newtonian fluids, the relationship between the rate of deformation and shear stress is more complicated.粘度是流体的抗剪切的措施。考虑采取分类流体为牛顿或非牛顿粘性的影响。在牛顿流体，变形率是成正比的剪应力;在暖通空调行业（如，水，空气，大部分制冷剂）牛顿流体可以作为治疗。在非牛顿流体，变形和剪切应力率之间的关系更为复杂。Hea

49、t is energy in transit due to a temperature difference. The thermal energy is transferred from one region to another by three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat transfer is among a group of energy transport phenomena that includes mass transfer, momentum transfer or

50、fluid friction and electrical conduction.热是由于温差在传输过程中的能量。热能是从一个地区转移到另一个传热的三种模式：传导，对流和辐射。传热之间的能源运输的现象，其中包括传质，动量传递或流体摩擦和导电。Thermal conduction is the mechanism of heat transfer whereby energy is transported between parts of continuum by the transfer of kinetic energy between particles or groups of part

51、icles at the atomic level. In gases, conduction is caused by elastic collision of molecules; in liquids and electrically nonconducting solids, it is believed to be caused by longitudinal oscillations of the lattice structure. Thermal conduction in metals occurs, like electrical conduction, through t

52、he motion of free electrons. Thermal energy transfer occurs in the direction of decreasing temperature. In solid opaque bodies, thermal conduction is the significant heat transfer mechanism because no net material flows in the process and radiation is not a factor.热传导传热，使能量是连续部分之间的运输粒子在原子水平上的颗粒或团体之间

53、的动能转移的机制。气体中，分子的弹性碰撞引起的传导;电导电液体和固体，它被认为是造成晶格结构的纵向振荡。金属的热传导时，如导电，通过自由电子的运动。热能量转移发生在温度降低的方向。在坚实的不透明机构，热传导是显著的传热机制，因为没有净物资流动的过程中，辐射是不是一个因素。When fluid currents are produced by external sources (for example, a blower or pump), the solid-to-fluid heat transfer is termed forced convection. If the fluid flo

54、w is generated internally by nonhomogeneous densities caused by temperature variation, the heat transfer is termed natural convection or free convection.When fluid currents are produced by external sources (for example, a blower or pump), the solid-to-fluid heat transfer is termed forced convection.

55、 If the fluid flow is generated internally by nonhomogeneous densities caused by temperature variation, the heat transfer is termed natural convection or free convection.当流体的电流是由外部来源（例如，一个鼓风机或泵），固 - 液传热被称为强迫对流。如果是内部所产生的温度变化所造成的非均质密度的流体流动，传热称为自然对流或自然对流。当流体的电流是由外部来源（例如，一个鼓风机或泵），固 - 液传热被称为强迫对流。如果是内部所产生

56、的温度变化所造成的非均质密度的流体流动，传热称为自然对流或自然对流。Equation 1 states that the heat flow rate q in the x direction is directly proportional to the temperature gradient dt/dx and the cross-sectional area A normal to the heat flow. The proportionality factor is the thermal conductivity k. The minus sign indicates that heat flow is positive the direction of decreasing temperature. Conductivity values are sometimes given in other units，but consistent units must be used in Equation 1 .Equation 1 states that the heat flow rate q in the x direction is directly proporti