活塞冲击端面积和钎杆端部的面积接近或者相等

1、活塞冲击端面积和钎杆端部的面积接近或者相等活塞冲击端面积和钎杆端部的面积接近或者相等长期以来，在采矿工业、煤炭工业、铁道工程、军事工程等发挥着重要作用的液压冲击机械一直是人们研究的重点，随着我国科学技术的长足发展，液压冲击机械的研究运用更是取得了突破性的进展。For a long time, in the mining industry, coal industry, railway engineering, military engineering and other plays an important role in hydraulic impact machine has been t

2、he focus in the study of people, with the rapid development of Chinas science and technology, the hydraulic impact machine research has made breakthrough progress. 1、 新型液压冲击机械设计理论1, the new hydraulic impact machine design theory 液压冲击机械以液体作为工作介质，把压力转换为动能，通过往复运动冲击钎杆传递能量，它的输入参数是系统的流量和工作压力，输出参数是冲击频率和冲击能

3、。新型的液压冲击机械内核仍然是冲击器，并且不同类型的液压冲击机械内核相同，即冲击器的工作原理和机构基本相同。Hydraulic impact machine as a liquid as working medium, the pressure is converted to kinetic energy, through the reciprocating motion energy impact drill rod and of its input parameters are system work flow and pressure, the output parameter is t

4、he impact frequency and impact energy. New type of hydraulic impact machine core is still a knocker, and different types of hydraulic impact machine the same kernel, namely the principle of shock and mechanism are basically the same. 根据我国液压技术发展水平和机械制造水平，目前，冲击器有两种常见类型：单面回油前腔常压型和双面回油型。两种类型有各自的优缺点，如下：A

5、ccording to the development level and the level of mechanical manufacture, hydraulic technology in China at present, is there are two common types: single oil return cavity before atmospheric pressure type and double oil return type. Two types have their own advantages and disadvantages, as follows:

6、 单面前腔常压型冲击器的优点有：结构简单、制造成本低、工艺性好、回程制动阶段无吸空现象，缺点有：排油时间短、回油管峰值流量大、活塞形状不如双面回油型的好、回油阻力大、压力波动大等。Single front cavity type atmospheric impact device has the advantages of: simple structure, low manufacturing cost, good in usability, return braking phase without absorbing empty phenomenon, shortcomings are:

7、oil discharge time is short, big return hose peak flow, piston is not as good as double back to the oil type, oil resistance, pressure fluctuation, etc. 双面回油型冲击器优点有：活塞形状合理，有较好的破岩效果，还可提高钎具和活塞的寿命；回油管峰值流量少，降低了压力脉动和回油阻力；使用较高的压力油，降低了供油流量；缺点有：缸体结构复杂、要求加工精度高、工艺性差，回程制动阶段前腔回油吸空的现象发生，并且要密封高压油，因此，只有工艺技术和加工设备发展

8、比较成熟的时候，才能采用这种冲击器。Double oil return type impactor advantages are: piston is reasonable, has good effect of rock fragmentation, also can improve the drilling tools and the life of the piston; Return line peak flow less and reduce the pressure pulsation and oil resistance; Using the high pressure oil

9、and reduce the oil flow rate; Disadvantages are: cylinder structure complex and requires high machining accuracy, poor manufacturability, return braking phase phenomena of oil return cavity suction empty before, and to seal high pressure oil, therefore, only development more mature technology and pr

10、ocessing equipment, can use this impact. 作为液压冲击器的主要部件，冲击活塞的形状对破碎效果有巨大的影响，活塞设计的最终结果直接影响到冲击器的机具寿命和工作性能，因此，活塞的具体设计要遵循以下原则：As the main components of hydraulic impact, the impact of the piston shape on the crushing effect has a huge impact, the piston design of final results directly affect the machine s

11、ervice life and the working performance, therefore, the piston of the specific design should follow the following principles: （1）正确选材，活塞的材质应有极高的机械性能、芯部韧性好、表面硬度高、有极强的抗冲击性能和耐磨性。(1) the correct material selection, the piston material should have high mechanical properties, core good toughness, high sur

12、face hardness, strong shock resistance and abrasion resistance. （2）形状应为细长形，要减少断面变化，有助于提高钎具的寿命和能量传递效率。(2) the shape should be slender, to reduce the profile change, help to improve the life of drilling tools and energy transfer efficiency. （3）保证活塞全行程或超行程时不损伤两端的密封结构。(3), full guarantee the piston stro

13、ke or stroke without damage at the ends of the sealing structure. （4）活塞冲击端面积和钎杆端部的面积接近或者相等，并要有一定锥部长度，这样利于传递冲击波。(4) the impact piston area and the area of the drill rod end is close to or equal to, and want to have a certain degree cone minister, so conducive to shock wave. （5）设计好活塞各段的封油长度和防空打液压垫的尺寸。

14、Good piston paragraphs (5) the design of sealing oil length and the size of the air defense type hydraulic cushion. （6）在考虑加工精度、过滤精度、泄露损失、提高可靠性以及系统效率的基础上，确定颗粒的活塞和缸体配合间隙。一般情况下，活塞和缸体配合间隙约0.050.08，活塞和支承套的配合间隙约为0.030.05。(6) in considering the machining accuracy, the filtering precision, leakage loss, imp

15、rove reliability and efficiency, on the basis of determine the particles of the piston and cylinder body fit clearance. Under normal circumstances, the piston and cylinder body fit clearance of about 0.05 0.08, the piston and the bearing sets of fit clearance of about 0.03 0.05. 2、 新型液压冲击机械控制策略2, th

16、e new hydraulic impact machine control strategy 2.1液压控制系统作为液压冲击机械的动力控制核心，是冲击机械的重要组成部分，由液压冲击机械冲击器的设计理论知，冲击机械工作压力频率高、波动幅度大，作为机械的控制核心，液压控制系统设计时要满足以下几个要求：2.1 the hydraulic control system for hydraulic impact machine of power control core, is an important component of the mechanical impact from hydraulic

17、 impact mechanical impact the design theory of knowledge, mechanical impact work pressure high frequency, amplitude of fluctuation is large, as control core of mechanical, hydraulic control system design should satisfy the following requirements: （1）合理选用各类控制阀和泵种，运用集成控制回路实现控制。(1) reasonable use all k

18、inds of valves and pumps, using the integrated control circuit to control. （2）采用电液数字控制器件，合理地设计控制器，提高对工作对象的适应性和系统的智能控制水平。(2) adopt electro-hydraulic digital control devices, design controller reasonably, improve the adaptability to work object and the level of intelligent control system. （3）实现高效率工作，一

19、方面可以减少系统工作发热，另一方面可以有效地提高设备的技术指标。(3) realize the high efficiency work, on the one hand, can reduce the heating systems work, on the other hand, can effectively improve the technical index of the equipment. （4）选用标准化的液压元器件。(4) select standard hydraulic components. （5）保持油液清洁，实施连锁自动保护，备用应急油路，配备安全防护装置。(5)

20、 to keep the oil clean, implement automatic protection chain, standby emergency oil, equipped with safety protection device. （6）降低工作人员的劳动强度，提高液压冲击机械的工作效率。(6) reduce staff labor intensity, improve the work efficiency of hydraulic impact machine. 2.2新型液压冲击机械控制策略2.2 new hydraulic impact machine control

21、 strategy 液压冲击机械的冲击系统使用的压力油由冲击泵提供，忽略阀口和管路的压力损失，冲击系统的工作压力就是冲击泵的输出压力。冲击系统压力的变化可以用来实现液压冲击机械的冲击频率和冲击能的控制调节，但因冲击泵的恒压变量泵本身存在结构缺陷，所以设计通过液压控制系统引进高速开关电磁阀，使用计算机进行该控制，将产生的输出压力信号直接作用于恒压变量泵的调压弹簧，根据高速开关电磁阀的输出压力来控制恒压变量泵的输出压力，用来实现冲击频率和设备冲击能等的无机调节。The impact of the hydraulic impact machine system using pressure oil

22、provided by impact pump, ignore the valve and the pipeline pressure loss, the shock system working pressure is pump output pressure. Impact the change of system pressure can be used to achieve hydraulic impact mechanical impact frequency and impact energy control, but due to the impact of constant p

23、ressure variable pump itself exists defect structure, so the design through the introduction of high-speed switch electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic control system, using the computer to the control, will produce the output pressure signal of direct effects on the constant pressure variable pump

24、 pressure regulating spring, according to the output pressure of high-speed switch electromagnetic valve to control the output of the constant pressure variable pump pressure, used to implement the impact frequency and inorganic regulation of equipment such as impact energy. 液压冲击机械推进系统的压力油来自恒压变量泵，可是

25、，推进系统的工作压力小于冲击系统的工作压力，因此，推进系统的推进回路中需要设置减压阀，来实现压力油进入推进油缸前的减压工作，同时，结合着变行程调节机构的工作原理，液压冲击凿岩破碎要求推进流量小和推进力无级变化等特点，采用两个两位三通高速开关电磁阀一起构成推进控制回路，共同实现推进开关、系统压力的无机调节控制和换向控制。Hydraulic impact mechanical propulsion system of the pressure oil from the constant pressure variable pump, but the propulsion system of the

26、 working pressure is less than the impact of system working pressure, therefore, needs to set the pressure reducing valve in propulsion system of the circuit, to realize the pressure oil into the propulsion cylinder before the relief work, and at the same time, combined with a variable stroke adjust

27、ing mechanism, working principle, hydraulic impact drilling break to small flow and propulsion stepless change etc., using two high-speed switch electromagnetic valve two tee together form the propulsion control circuit, realizing the push switch, inorganic regulation of system pressure control and

28、reversing control. 对于类似液压凿岩机等具有转钎机构的液压冲击机械来说，液压控制系统中必须有转钎回路。对于一般的凿岩系统，为了简化结构，通常采用手动变量柱塞泵作为转钎泵，为了保证任何冲击状态下的无溢流损失，需要将泵的输出流量定位转钎马达正常工作时需要的流量。由于转钎压力比较低，也可以使用齿轮泵作为转钎泵，但是要设置一个节流阀调节它的流量，来满足凿岩过程中对转钎速度的要求。对于计算机控制的液压冲击机械系统来说，采用比例变流量泵作为转钎泵比较合理，如果采用电磁比例变量方式，计算机可以直接控制泵本身的电磁比例阀输入电流来控制泵的输出流量，实现任何凿岩状态下的无溢流能量损失。Turn

29、 for similar hydraulic rock drill with brazing mechanism of hydraulic impact machine, hydraulic control system must be turned in the brazing circuit. For normal drilling system, in order to simplify the structure, usually adopt manual variable plunger pump as drill pump, in order to ensure that any

30、impact under the condition of no overflow loss, need to transfer pump output flow orientation drill motors needed for the normal work flow. Thanks qian pressure is lower, can also be used as turn drill pump, gear pump but to set up a throttle valve regulating the flow of it, to meet the requirements of drilling process of rotating drill speed. For computer control of hydraulic impact machine s