人教高中英语选修8unit3_Learning_about_Language[1]

1、 Discovering useful words and expressions EXAMPLE: n. adj. convenience convenient; independence independent In groups make word pairs with the same suffix. Add more of your own. n.adj. cube base fancy mercy stain care caution poision cubic basic fanciful merciful stainless careless cautious poisonou

2、s v.n. expect relax produce reduce identify satisfy expectation relaxation production reduction identification satisfaction adj.v. strong long freezing disappoint- ing strengthen lengthen freeze disappoint 2 Replace the underlined parts with words that have the same meaning. Rewrite the sentence whe

3、n necessary. 1. The greengrocer at the corner is probably the easiest and nearest to reach. 2. If you want to apply for a credit card, you must provide officially acceptable identification. most convenient valid 3. You need to approach that animal with great care as it may bite. 4. She accepts every

4、thing during meetings and does not contribute to discussions at all. 5. I found his phone number in the directory and tried to telephone him last night, but there was no reply. Later I found I dialed the wrong number. caution is passive call/ring him up 6. I dont think of my hometown very much, only

5、 sometimes. 7. Luckily the rainfall stopped suddenly before I left. 8. In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty. now and then abruptly distinguish 3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words or phrase below. file abruptly valid product se

6、ize perfume criterion set about When I first applied for a patent I was very puzzled by the _. I had produced a new type of lily. I was amazed when my application was _ refused. The patent officer dealing with my _ explained to me that a new plant variety is not a _ invention as it is a result of ad

7、justing growth scientifically. criteria abruptly file valid However, she suggested that I should produce a _ from my new lily. With her encouragement, I decided to _ the opportunity to make a real invention, so I _ my studies on developing my _, for which I hope I will succeed in applying for a pate

8、nt. set about seize perfume product Grammar 动词动词-ed形式作形式作定语定语 动词动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语 动词动词-ed形式作形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容 词词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于实际上相当于 一个单纯的形容词一个单纯的形容词, 除表示除表示“完成完成”的动作之外的动作之外, 还表示还表示“被动被动”的意义。如：的意义。如： 一、动词

9、一、动词-ed形式作定语形式作定语 spoken English 英语口语英语口语 iced beer 冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒 cooked food 熟食熟食 fried chips 炸土豆条炸土豆条 但要注意但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示不及物动词的过去分词常表示 “完成完成”的动作的动作, 而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。如意义。如: boiled water(开水开水); fallen leaves(落叶落叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳升起的太阳)等。等。 The tall man is a returned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。高个子的那个人是

10、个归国留学生。 My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。我的父母都是退休教师。 (1) 前置定语前置定语 单个的动词单个的动词-ed形式形式, 一般放在被修饰一般放在被修饰 的名词的前面的名词的前面, 作前置定语。作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虚度的时光虚度的时光, 无法挽回。无法挽回。 (=time

11、which is lost) e.g. The books left are for my students (2) 后置定语后置定语 少数单个动词的少数单个动词的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能 作后置定语。作后置定语。 剩下的书是给我的学生的。剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词动词-ed形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在通常要放在 被修饰的名词的后面被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于在意思上相当于 一个定语从句。一个定语从句。 Is there anything planned for tonight? (= that has been planned for to

12、night) 今晚有什么活动吗今晚有什么活动吗? The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 1) The Olympic games, _ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be firs

13、t playing 2) Prices of daily foods _ through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying C B He looked worried after reading the letter 看完信后看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it, we were deeply moved 当我们听到这件事时当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。被深深地感动了。 He seeme

14、d quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。他似乎很高兴。 二、动词二、动词-ed形式作表语形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之意之意, 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。这时而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。这时 过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容 词化的过去分词。如：词化的过去分词。如： I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分

15、厌倦这工作。他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 作表语的作表语的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite 等所修饰。等所修饰。 三、动词三、动词-ed-ed形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是 及物动词及物动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义表示被动意义或已完成意义, , 有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的 过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系

16、, , 即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 She found the house broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house repaired 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 动词动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的动词的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在句型中充当宾语补足语。在 这一结构中这一结构中

17、, 动词动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语形式和它前面的宾语 构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改 为被动语态为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主语原来的宾语补足语变成了主语 补足语。补足语。 People found the girl beaten black and blue 人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (宾语补足语宾语补足语) The girl was found beaten black and blue (主语补足语主语补足语) The students wish the TV serial plays c

18、ontinued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 I have never heard him spoken ill of by others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉得心里轻松了些。她觉得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。 She had her house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you

19、 have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义： (请人请人)把某事做完。把某事做完。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。昨天她的钱包被偷了。 遭遇某种意外情况。遭遇某种意外情况。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。我

20、把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与)。 过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一这一 结构中结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了小偷被带进来了, 双手双手被反绑在后面。被反绑在后面。 1. He found a magazine _

21、 with the owners name_ on the desk with the back cover _ off. A. marking, lying, torn B. marked, lying, torn C. marked, laid, tearing D. marking, laying, tearing B 2. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. (2009江苏卷江苏卷) A. speak.B. speaking C. spokenD

22、. to speak 3. We finished the run in less than half the time _. (2009江西卷江西卷) A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows C C 4. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. (2009浙江卷浙江卷) A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found D Answer key for exercise 2 on page 24 We n

23、eed another copy of the _ agreement. He seemed _ by the failure of his patent. She tried to make herself _ while giving her talk. I was _ to see our team _ by a weaker team. My mother appeared _ with the lanterns she had made. signed disappointed understood embarrassed beaten pleased Answer key for

24、exercise 3 on page 24 If you want to be an inventor, you must have a plan _ to solve a particular problem. This is not as easy as it sounds. Many ideas, _ after weeks of research, may not prove successful. Many unsuccessful approaches are _, and only the most creative and successful ones are _. designed developed rejected welcomed Each idea _ by you will need to be _ until it leads you closer to a new invention. Once this hard work ha