爱伦坡小说的死亡主题与现世意义二稿0422(1)

1、 学士学位论文The Death Theme of Allan Poes Novel and theRecently Meaning爱伦坡小说的死亡主题与现世意义 学生姓名：尤美然 指导教师：于飞 所在院系：外国语学院 所学专业：英语（师范） 研究方向：文学东北师范大学学位评定委员会 中国长春2016 年 6 月Table of Contents Abstract in English.i Abstract in Chinese.ii 1 Introduction.1 2 Literature review.1 2.1Researchsignificance.1 2.2Present stat

2、us of development.2 2.3Research methodology.2 3 Two forms of death.3 3.1Murder.3 3.2suicide.6 4 The interpretation of Edgar Allan Poes death theme.8 4.1Allan Poes concept of death.8 4.2The Recently meaning of Allen Poes death theme.9 5 Conclusion.11 Reference.12 Acknowledgements.13 Abstract Edgar Al

3、lan Poe (1809-1849）was an famous American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. Widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole, he was one

4、 of the countrys earliest practitioners of the short story. Poe is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. Poes best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public

5、taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to tr

6、anscendentalism, which Poe strongly disliked. Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A num

7、ber of his homes are dedicated museums today. In Poes short stories, most of them involved descriptions of death. It is important to analyze a single level under the same theme of the works and compare the differences of the works. First starting with the final destination of characters in different

8、 works, analysis the differences of the plot, structure, resemblance, classified. In previous studies of Poes novels are a broad range of research, and the study is from a single work of, to unfold the was the creation of the main idea in more detail, for future research of this kind of playing foun

9、dation, to provide a certain reference value.Key words: death theme deficiency recently meaning摘要埃德加爱伦坡（1809-1849），美国著名的诗人、小说家及文艺评论家。坡的诗歌和小说闻名于世，尤其是他的科幻小说和恐怖小说。他被视为美国浪漫主义小说的先驱、美国文学史上的大师人物，也是美国短篇小说的鼻祖之一。坡被普遍认为是侦探小说体裁的发明者和科幻新兴流派进一步发展的推进者。坡最著名的要数哥特式主题小说了。哥特是当时一个新兴流派，用来挖掘人性、安抚大众。它经常探究死亡的问题，包括其体征，分解的作用，对

10、过早埋葬事物的关注，死者的复苏和哀悼。他的作品一般被认为是暗浪漫主义流派，超验主义文学的反映，但这些都是他所强烈厌恶的。坡和他的作品影响了文学在美国和世界各地，以及在专业领域，如宇宙学和密码的一部分。坡和他的作品在文学，音乐，电影，媒体等流行文化中占有重要地位。他曾经的许多住宅如今都是专门的博物馆。在爱伦坡的小说中，很多篇目都涉及到了死亡的描写。我在单个作品下对同一死亡主体的不同作品进行分析，是很重要的。本文以人物最终归宿入手，分析情节、结构、理念上的异同。在以往研究中的对爱伦坡的小说都是进行一个大致范围的研究，而本次研究是从单个作品进行研究，能够更加细致的展现其当时创作的主要思想，为以后此类

11、研究打下基础，提供一定的参考价值。关键词:死亡主题 道德缺失 现世意义iiThe Death Theme of Allan Poes Novel and theRecently Meaning1 IntroductionEdgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) was a United States poet, novelist and literary critic. The highest achievement is his short stories. Mainly includes the reasoning detective story and terrorist t

12、hriller, death-themed thriller novel, depicts the horror of death, weird death, revenge, romance and beyond the death of death. George Bernard Shaw said: the United States the two greatest writers are Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain. Allan Poe was born in Boston. On October 7th, 1849, he died in pove

13、rty. Then rush to hold the funeral, his body was buried in the Victoria Westminster church cemetery in Baltimore corner, does not indicate the identity of tombstones, memorial service only a little more than three minutes, even the funeral participants were few. Most of Poes life was full of poverty

14、 and illness. He was busy with livelihood. Though life was hard for him, he had lots of excellent works with is efforts. Allan Poe has always insisted that he was a poet. He was preferred writing poems, but his main reputation is novel. As a free writer for magazine and journals, these income was an

15、 important source for his poor life. So he has ambivalence on novel creation. On the one hand, he acknowledged that he wrote lots of works satisfied the need of readers. On the other hand, he cherished these works, regarded them as the result of his elaboration. In the following passage, I will divi

16、de his death theme into two part: murder and suicide. Combine his specific works, such as The Black Cat, Metzengerstein, William Wilson, I analyze the causes, process, results of the narrators. And then, I will discuss Allen Poes view of his death theme and what he wanted to warn us. 2 Literature re

17、view2.1Research significance In Allan Poes novel, death is a very important theme. Because his works are short and independent stories, the characters and the plot have no connections, so when we analysis his novel, individual interpretation is more common. And the novels are meaningful, so a story

18、can be analyzed from various aspects of cognition that is1profound and wonderful. But if we read his dead-themed novel many times, for the theme of death, we can find lots of similarities between different stories. So, in my article, I will discuss the death theme according to the way of analogy. In

19、 addition, the process of ones life, always subject to the outside influence, and then projected onto the inner world of Poes life has always been in the restatement of the theme of death, but in different periods, different mood, different perception of death, the works are not the same. From early

20、 his imitation of European Gothic novel , to his focusing on peoples heart and understanding, then the optimistic attitude to treat death, Allen Poes awareness of death is constantly occurred with changes, and from the advance of time, for all period text of interpretation and contact with his exper

21、ience, can help us better understand Poes evolution of death view.2.2 Present status of development Take Allen Poe150 years died annual for territories, we divided status of development into two stages, 1979-1998 is the early stage, in this stage main concern about Allen Poes status in American lite

22、rature, his short stories creation is useful to later generations novel, how the father of detective novel develop this kind of new theme. These papers in detailed explained Allen Poes life and literature creation of his experience, gradually corrected Allen Poe s works of one-sided positioning that

23、 negative decadent. 1999 until now is the active phase of the fiction of Edgar Allan Poe, academic attention to Poe is more comprehensive than the previous phase, research has been significantly improved. First is the effect of Poes work, first for his detective novels of Edgar Allan Poes pioneer sc

24、holars, United Kingdom author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and national Cheng Xiaoqing learned from Allen Poe. Lu Xuns Diary of a Mad Man also affected a lot from him. Second is the analysis of artistic style, there are terrorist and bizarre concerns two different directions, their research enrich the fie

25、ld of Edgar Allan Poes work. For example, Zhang Wei, 2001,the horror charm of Edgar Allan Poes work, Anhui Agricultural University papers(3rd).In General, research on the stories of Edgar Allan Poe has increased every year, especially in recent years undergraduate degree thesis of this booming trend

26、 become more pronounced. Interpretation of a single text-oriented but most lacked an overall care of the death theme in the works of Edgar Allan Poes theological understanding of fuzzy, in this article I will try to improve the weaknesses in these studies, with a view to Poes death make a useful com

27、plementary thematic research areas.2.3 Research methodologyWe use a comparative approach to understand and recognize the difference between the two.This will be more clear and comprehensive。In Poes short stories, many of his works involved descriptions of death, I choose single level under the same

28、theme of the works, then analysis and compare the different works of great significance. First starting with final destination of characters in different works, analysis different works on the concept of plot, structure, resemblance, and find their unique points. And then study the points of disagre

29、ement in a parallel position. Compare the points of disagreement, further explore the mechanism. As for plot, analysis based on reconstructing deep structure, excavations out surface described structure of deep described structure, the narrators similar fate in different works, inquiry the deep stru

30、cture of similar fate arrange different characters, and what reflected its differences. Both seeking similarities sand seeking different, in order to analyze Allan Poes death theme more comprehensive. 3 Two forms of death The description of death in Edgar Allan Poes short stories are extremely commo

31、n, different kind of deaths described in different ways, but based on the ultimate fate of the characters, we can divide them into the dead characters and death figures. In this chapter mainly discusses the people stepping into death, such figures initially had a good life, but a looming death, stru

32、ggle even if there is pain, but still cannot escape the fate of death. Based on their different form of death, it can be divided into two types of death, murder and suicide. This chapter will explore it section, and select a representative analysis of the text, exploring the themes of death manifest

33、ed in works.3.1MurderMurder is common Edgar Allan Poes novel, it is a form of death. The concept of murder involving two characters, the perpetrator and the victim, driven by motives of perpetrators in certain deliberately claimed the lives of the victims. In Poes novel, there are lot of stories inv

34、olved murder contents. Such as The Tell-tale Heart, Metzengerstein, The Black Cat, The Imp of the Perverse and so on, also describe normal people how he allowed devil in his heart hurt around peoples lives and killed himself.First, let me take the black cat as an example, analyze the happening of th

35、e murder. The narrator the outset his prisoner status, but he is not evil by nature, he had various cute animals raised at home with his wife. His favorite pet was a black cat named Pluto. But he addicted to alcohol, it makes him became moody. One night he got stinking drunk and put out one of Pluto

36、s eyes. Soon, he hang Pluto on a tree. That evening, the house caught fire, he barely escaped with his wife, and all the property was damaged. The narrator has moved to a new house, but still addicted as ever. One night, he took a black cat to home, which was very similar to Pluto, however, the narr

37、ators inexplicable dislike made him more and more hate this one-eyed little black cat. Finally, in the basement, he swung his axe to the black cat, when the wife reached out to stop his violence, he kills his wife and put her dead body into the wall. A few days later, police conducted a search of th

38、e house, as they searching the cellar, the narrator, triumphantly knocking the possession of his wife body walls, but missing black cat has issued a howl of terror from inside, which made the policeman break the wall, revealing the hiding the corpses and the black cat. The Narrator attempts to show

39、that he was not a violent person, on the contrary, from my infancy I was noted for the docility and humanity of my disposition (Zhang Xiuli & Zhu Chunyan, 2010: 110). As the pillory, he often made fun of by their peers, the narrator was powerless to resist, he chose to escape, change to all sorts of

40、 cute animals, pure friendship with animals made him feel calm and happy. After their marriage, the situation remains the same, as one more person to keep more pets. Life was calm and warm, until the narrator began to drink alcohol, this is the beginning of his losing control , he admitted in a sham

41、e I grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feeling of others(Zhang Xiuli & Zhu Chunyan, 2010: 111) , he began deliberately ignored the animals, even abuse them. His wife also had to stand his obscenities, even Pluto, his favorite black cat, he control himself not to abu

42、se him, because this is my favorite pet and playmate(Zhang Xiuli & Zhu Chunyan, 2010: 111). One day, the narrator returned home, gently bite by Pluto when he wanted to catch him. This resulted the fury of a demon instantly possessed me. I knew myself no longer. My original soul seemed, at once, took

43、 its flight from my body. (Zhang Xiuli & Zhu Chunyan, 2010: 111), this was his first time that he completely lost control, let Pluto loose an eye. Only when the sanity returned in the morning he felt a little regret. However, it didnt not let him touch, he continued to indulge drowning, let his sani

44、ty stay far away. Pluto soon became the victim of his losing control. The narrator hanged the black cat on the tree, he knew, hanged black cat was a sin, however he ignored himself of judge and defy. If we said the first time has the effect of drunk, had no intention of components in it, but this ra

45、tional of losing control , could be described as abruptly of expulsion. That night, the house burst into flames, the narrator has lost all his property. Moved to the new place, a new black cat appeared, it made up the defect of Pluto. However, the black cat followed the narrator to anywhere of intim

46、acy, and also lost an eye and its chest obviously hanging frame shape of blaze, let the narrator extremely disgusted and fear. On the staircase leading to the basement, losing control made him kill his wife and hid into the wall. Wifes corpse hidden and the black cat successfully disappeared, the na

47、rrator, elated. At a time when the police questioned, triumphant narrator believed that the crime will not be found in any case, this mad desire couldnt help sticking to hit the buried body wall, knock on evaluation of side walls sturdy. Finally, go the black cats unexpected response, and he committ

48、ed his sin ultimately. The truth exposed to the world.The characters in Allen Poes fictions, many of them have personality shortcomings, this made them more sensitive and vulnerable to normal people, and it is harder to control their mood. Metzengerstein in Metzengerstein has genetic of body weak, a

49、nd sick of blue. And in The Tell-tale Heart, the narrator told us he was in a very low spirit state at the beginning. Once the butterflies in the stomach the equilibrium is disturbed, their sanity as well as stretch a tight string fell off, carefully suppressed on weekdays, including unusual and evi

50、l, venting out at this time, made the narrator in a crazy hyper indulge in malicious. This disturbance of the equilibrium was alcohol, obsession with leaks, the narrator has to kill the good relationship with the old man, simply because the old mans eyes he could not bear. When he see the old mans e

51、yes, he could not think, then he lost control , began to rise in crime of impulse. They made no secret of their chaotic lack of rational thought processes, they cannot be rational thought, only to fulfill their desire to release their feelings without sanity. Its clear that this thing was wrong, was

52、 impossible, but like a moth to the flame, every time he lost control, caused terrible consequences. Such as lost feelings, lost money, culminating in the destruction of others and self destruction. In the murder, the people who cause violence, were normal people but sometimes not, they were not des

53、cribed as devils at the beginning, even some defects and weaknesses of humanity could be found from me and you. However, these defects were overstate by Allen Poe, makes prisoners more sensitive, harder to control themselves. Therefore, no matter losing sanity, or drove away from morality, when they

54、 lost control, these people were closer and closer to death. When they murdered, their outcomes also appeared, they were pushed into death by themselves. On the one hand, he showed the attitude that he could understand the humanity of against reason constraints, and indulgence itself low-level desir

55、e. On the other hand, when the behavior against sanity occurred, he would species disaster mercilessly threw to characters body, and the most serious of punishment was deprived the right of live. The description of death of not only means the eventually outbreak of terrorist moments, but also alert the people in the world.Tab1.1.1ResultsCausesThe Black CatI love my wife and the black cat.The n