《三维设计》语法难点突破+定语从句(一)

1、三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 语法难点突破之五语法难点突破之五 定语从句（一）定语从句（一） 语法难点突破语法难点突破 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 修饰名词和代词的成分修饰名词和代词的成分 Key words: 定语定语: a beautiful flower a tall boy beautiful tall 定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句 This is the best film that I have seen. 定语从句 the best film 先行词 that 关系词 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) This is t

2、he best film that I have seen. 关系词 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在从句中担当一个成分 关系词的作用 1） 2） 3） 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) London is the city that / which has hosted the 2012 Olympic Games. London the city host the 2012 Olympic Games. 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系 代词代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的 成分 人物

3、句子主语宾语定语 who whom which that whose 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) the usage of the relative adverb 关系副词指代所充当的句子成分 when where why time place reason adverbial adverbial adverbial 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 起限定作用。起限定作用。 若省略，原句若省略，原句 意义不完整。意义不完整。 起补充说明作起补充说明作 用。若省略，用。若省略， 原句意义不受原句意义不受 影响。影响。 修饰修饰 先行先行 词词 修饰先修饰先 行词行词 / 整个

4、句整个句 子子 无逗无逗 号隔号隔 开开 有逗有逗 号与号与 主句主句 隔开隔开 有有that 无无that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句与非限制 性定语从句的区别性定语从句的区别 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。 （隐含意思：或许不

5、止一个哥哥） 她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. 我昨天买的那本书是哈利波特与凤凰令 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 1.指物时只用指物时只用that 或或which 的情况的情况 2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词 3.Whos

6、e 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式 4.as 与与which的区别的区别 5.指人时指人时that 与与who的区别的区别 6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The las

7、t place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it that 与与which 的区别的区别 that 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. wh

8、ich C. where D. in that 6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it 先行词为先行词为 人和物的人和物的 组合组合 先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等等 修饰时修饰时 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；先行词前先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；先行词前 有序数词有序数词(the f

9、irst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 1. 先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词等不定代词 2.先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。等修饰时。 3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词 (the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), t

10、he last, the very, the only 等时。等时。 4. 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合 5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。 只用只用that的情况的情况: 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it 只用只用which的情况的情况:1,

11、逗号后面逗号后面 2,介词后面介词后面 2. The day _ he was born was Jan.20 ,2013. A.on which B.that C.which D.this 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词 提醒提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键关键 是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择. 方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词或形容词与先行词动词或形容词与先行词习习 惯搭配惯搭配 方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词

12、宾关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾 语时，从句常常由语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引 出。此时关系代词只能用出。此时关系代词只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) The man is from Beijing University . I talked about him at the meeting. The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. Join them into on

13、e sentence. =The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也 不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以。该介词通常可以 放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。 whom 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词 组主体，不作前置组主体，不作前置 。 Is this the book (which/

14、that) you are looking for ? 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) Filling blanks: 1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. 2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage. with whom in which 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 考点三：考点三： Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式 1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词， 构成名词短语。构成名词短语。 Thats th

15、e child whose father is a teacher. Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? This is a book whose cover is green. 2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可 以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 3. whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时, 可用可用of which代替代替, 但词序不同，但词序不同， 即即whose+名词名词=the +n + of which =of which + th

16、e + n. He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives in the room, faces south. = He lives in the room, faces south. the window of which of which the window 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以 互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 当与当与such或或the

17、same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. 2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正正 如如.正象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 1. _ was natural, he mar

18、ried Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As 2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as 4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rul

19、es. A. Which B. What C. That D. As 5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) Anyone _breaks the law is punished. Those _ break the law are punished. He _ breaks the law is punished. 在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词作先行词 时时, 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”. 考点五考点五: t

20、hat 与与who的区别的区别 who who who 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 考点六考点六: 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词? 选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点： 1.先行词先行词 2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。关系词在从句中充当的成分。 做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用 做状语用做状语用 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never fo

21、rget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. when (which/that) (which/that) where 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它 的先行词保持一致。的先行词保持一致。 1.I am not one who _a

22、fraid of difficulty 2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job is am 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written 4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings

23、 B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 1. Is this factory _ we visited last week? D Is this the factory _ we visited last Week? A、where B、that C、to which D、the one B 解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈 述句式。述句式。 Exercises 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 2. Let me think of a proper situat

24、ion _ this sentence can be used. A、where B、that C、of whom D、which A 先行词是先行词是situation, case, scene时，时， 一般用一般用where,也可也可 用用in which 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing. A、when B、what C、which D、why C She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.

25、A 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 5. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak. A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which B 6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names. A、who B、who want C、who wants D、what B 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English,

26、_ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in whose B. which C. through whose D. whose A D C D 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 8. I，_ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D 9

27、. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk? A、which B、that C、what D、as B 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 10. His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday. A、that B、with which C、which D、without which D 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 11. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk? A、which B、that

28、 C、what D、as B 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 12. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. that C. which D. as D 13. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what B 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 14. This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D.

29、 A&B D 比较：比较： .the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost. 表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是 则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 . 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 15. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it. A. as B.

30、 that C. which D. the ones A B so .that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 16. _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. That B 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 17. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. t

31、hat all D. all D 18. How do you like the book? Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what C 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 19. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago. A、all of them B、either of them C、all of which D、both of that C 三维设计语法难点突破+定语 从句(一) 20.I bought some books from the bookstore, five _were English novels. A. of which B. which C. that