选修语法PPT学习教案

1、会计学1 选修语法选修语法 语法精讲语法精讲( (一一) ) 同位语同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于它位于 名词、代词后面名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质说明它们的性质 和情况和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名它可以由名词、代词、名 词性短语或从句充当。词性短语或从句充当。 第1页/共31页 同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种： (1) 名词名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词代词 I myself will do the experiment. (3) 数词数词

2、 She is the oldest among them six. 第2页/共31页 第3页/共31页 同位语从句同位语从句the Appositive clause (1) 同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用作在复合句中用作同位语同位语的从句称为的从句称为 同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句 的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。 语法精解语法精解( (二二) ) 第4页/共31页 它一般放在它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, beli

3、ef, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名等名 词的后面词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解对前面的名词作进一步的解 释释, 说明前面名词的具体含义说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同。引导同 位语从句的词有连词位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词，连接副词， 连接代词连接代词how, when, where, whether, what等。等。 第5页/共31页 同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式: 由由that引导引导 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is unbelievabl

4、e. The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 第6页/共31页 由由whether引导引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引导引导 I have no idea when they will go. 第7页/共31页 有时可用有时可用 namely (即即), that is to say (也就是说也就是说), in other words (换句话

5、说换句话说), that is (那就是那就是), for example 等引出同位语等引出同位语, 说明其说明其 前面的名词或代词。有时同位前面的名词或代词。有时同位 语直接跟在名词或代词的后面语直接跟在名词或代词的后面 。 第8页/共31页 He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six ye

6、ars, half the length of the life of the original sheep. 第9页/共31页 同位语从句有时被别的词把它同位语从句有时被别的词把它 和名词隔开：和名词隔开： 注意注意: The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won. 第10页/共31页 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆 ,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它

7、们我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: 同位语从句同位语从句说明的名词大都是说明的名词大都是抽象名词抽象名词; 定语从句定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽有抽 象的也有不抽象的象的也有不抽象的。 第11页/共31页 We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位语从句同位语从句) Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句定语从句) 第12页/共31页 同位语从句同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有所说明的名词与从句没有 逻

8、辑关系逻辑关系； 定语从句定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上所限定的名词是从句逻辑上 的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等 。 第13页/共31页 The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句定语从句, news是是told的宾语的宾语) 第14页/共31页 The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.

9、 (同位语从句同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关和从句没有逻辑关 系系) The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句定语从句, day是是founded 的逻辑状语的逻辑状语) 第15页/共31页 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常 可省略。可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he

10、 told me is exciting. 第16页/共31页 同位语从句与同位语从句与名名词一般可变成一个完整词一般可变成一个完整 句子句子, 谓语动词用谓语动词用be的不同形式的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won. 第17页/共31页 练习练习 1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their paren

11、ts and teachers a lot. The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot. 把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从 句的复合句句的复合句。 第18页/共31页 2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night. We heard the news last night

12、that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china. 第19页/共31页 3. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view. Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. 第20页/共31页 4. Students should be given more free time./Th

13、e suggestion is welcomed by many people. The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people. 第21页/共31页 用名词性从句完成下列句子。用名词性从句完成下列句子。 5. The news _ _ (她通过了高考她通过了高考) is exciting. 6. Mike made a promise _ _ (他将帮助我学习英语他将帮助我学习英语) that she has passed the national college e

14、ntrance examination that he would help me with my English. 第22页/共31页 指出划线部分是什么从句。指出划线部分是什么从句。 7. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is known to us. 8. The continent(大陆大陆) that consists of two countries is developing very fast. (同位语从句同位语从句) (定语从句定语从句) 第23页/共31页 9. The news that

15、 the plane will take off on time makes everybody happy. 10. The news that is spreading around the country is that a heavy storm is coming. (同位语从句同位语从句) (定语从句定语从句, 表语从句表语从句) 第24页/共31页 11. The suggestion that we should learn something practical is worth considering. (同位语从句同位语从句) 第25页/共31页 用适当的连接代词或连接副

16、词填空用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。 12. I cant decide _ book I should buy. 13. China is no longer _ it used to be. 14. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time. 15. _ we need is more money. which what how What 第26页/共31页 16. The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us. 17. _ and _ we will meet has not been decided yet. that Whenwhere 第27页/共31页 1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从 句还是同位语从句：句还是同位语从句： 1) The fact