尤金 A奈达PPT1讲述

1、The founder of the modern discipline of Translation Studies Eugene A. Nida Contents I. Brief introduction of Nida 1.His birth 2.Life experience 3.His death 4.Major works II. Nidas dynamic equivalence thoery 1.Formal Equivalence (FE)and Dynamic Equivalence(DE) 2.Conceptions of Functional Equivalence

2、3.Four levels of Functional Equivalence Eugene A. Nida(1914-2011 ),American linguist, translation theorist Born：November 11, 1914 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Died:August 25, 2011 (aged 97) Brussels Belgium Spouses:Althea Sprague (m. 19431993)Dr. Elena Fernandez (1997 - 2011) His birth Life experiences I

3、n 1936,graduated from the University of Los Angels; In 1943,receiced Ph.D. degree in linguistics at University of Michigan; American Bible Society (ABS) ,began his career as a linguist. 1946,first edition “Bible Translation” 1964,most influential “Toward a Science of Translating” 1969,dynamic equiva

4、lence (functional equivalence) 1984 , retired as a counselor 1969, “The Theory and Practice of Translating”( Charles Taber) In 1997，Nida was invited to Shanghai International Studies for “Translation Symposium” 他单独 或合作 出版著 作40多 部，发 表论文 250馀 篇，另 外，还 有13本 专供 圣经 译者使 用的参 考书。 For truly successful transla

5、tors, familiar with two cultures is more important than to master two language, because words only play their roles in a specific culture background . Ye Zina, 5th, 2011 Chinese translation The New York times, the Wall Street journal, the Washington post and The Daily Telegraph. His death lBible Tra

6、nslating 圣经圣经的翻译的翻译 l Toward a Science of Translating翻译的科学探索翻译的科学探索 lThe Theory and Practice of Translation翻译理论与实翻译理论与实 践践 lContexts in Translating 翻译中的语境翻译中的语境 lReligion Across Cultures跨文化宗教跨文化宗教 lLanguage Structure and Translation：Essays by Eugene A.Nida语言结构与翻译：奈达文集语言结构与翻译：奈达文集 lThe Sociolinguisti

7、cs of Interlingual Communication 跨语交际的社会语言学视角跨语交际的社会语言学视角 Major Works Nidas Functional Equivalence Theory 1.Formal Equivalence (FE)and Dynamic Equivalence(DE) 2.Conceptions of Functional Equivalence 3.Four levels of Functional Equivalence lno identical equivalents in translating lno fully exact tran

8、slations lfind the closest natural equivalent 1.Formal Equivalence (F-E) and Dynamic Equivalence (D-E) Two basic orientations in translating based on two different types of equivalence: Formal Equivalence (F- E) and Dynamic Equivalence (D-E). Formal Equivalence The principles: reproduction of gramma

9、tical units; consistency in word usage; and meanings in terms of the source context Dynamic Equivalence The principles : conformance of a translation to the receptor language and culture as a whole; and the translation must be in accordance with the context of the message which involves the stylisti

10、c selection and arrangement of message constituents. 于是洗手的时候， 日子从水盆里过去； 吃饭的时候， 日子从饭碗里过去； 默默时， 便从凝然的双眼前过去。 Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal, passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as I reflect in silence. I accept that we are equ

11、als ,and I will argue with him, as an equal ,if I think he is wrong. 我认为我和他们是平等的，如果我认为他们错 了，我就以平等的身份和他们争个明白。 That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. There is no sky in June so blue that is does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does no

12、t waken the vision of a greater beauty. 不可否认，一切伟大的艺术都具有使人遐想 到进入天外世界的魅力。六月蔚蓝的天空总 使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹；魅力的落日 总会引起一个更加绚丽的景象。 lFirst put forward in1964 lEmphasis: the functional equivalence of information instead of the direct formal equivalence in translation lThe relationship between the target language rece

13、ptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language receptor and the source text . 2.Conceptions of Functional Equivalence 3.Four Levels of Functional Equivalence 1. Lexical Equivalence 2. Passage Equivalence 3. Sentence Equivalence 4. Style Equivalence 1. Lex

14、ical Equivalence Confused; to find the corresponding meaning in target language “tension builds up” 1. 形势紧张起来了2. 张力在增大3. 电压在增加 He doctored the accounts. He doctored the chipped vase with a little plastic cement. She doctored herself for just a common cold. 2. Sentence Equivalence It deals with sente

15、nce structure and grammar Nouns: number, gender and case Verbs: tense, aspect, voice Eg： A young man sees a sunset and,unable to express the emotion that is rouses in him, conclude that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. 一个年轻人看到日落，由于无法理解或表达日落在 他心中唤起的激情，便得出结论：日落处想必是通 往遥远世界的大门。 3.3.Pa

16、ssage Equivalence To achieve passage equivalence, language is not the unique element to be considered, how the language represents meaning and performs its function in a specific context matter most. l Passage Context 上下文语境上下文语境 l Scene Context 情景语境情景语境 l Culture Context 文化语境文化语境 “white as snow” “白如

17、雪”。 “白如蘑 菇”,“白如白鹭毛 “spring up like mushroom”“mushroom” “蘑菇”, “雨后春笋” “你难道没听见人说，嫁鸡 随鸡，嫁狗随狗？ 红楼梦 “Surely you know the saying l“marry a cock and follow the cock；marry a dog and follow the dog.” lmarry a pig and follow the pig “If I slapped someone hed see the way to Krakow.” Issac Bashevis Singer：Gimple

18、 the Fool The sentence can be at least put into two versions 1)要是我给谁一巴掌，准会把他扇到克拉克拉 科科去 2)要是我掴谁一把掌，他就会给打到西天西天 去 4:4:Stylistic Equivalence Difference stylistic works have different language features. Achieving stylistic equivalence needs good mastery of both source language and target language. Different language styles represents different cultural elements. He maybe conceited ,ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to clichs bout respect for elders -as if mere age were a reason for resp