官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析(原TPO)

1、资料来源：来自本人网络整理！祝您工作顺利！官方真题official4托福阅读passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析(原tpo) 如今大家在进展托福备考时官方真题official托福模考软件信任是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成果的提升是特别有关心的。托福听力可以说是整个托福考试当中比拟重要的一个局部，如何利用现有资料官方真题official模考软件来提升大家的托福成果呢?今日我在这里整理了官方真题official4托福阅读passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析来共享给大家，盼望对大家托福听力备考有关心。 官方真题official4托福阅读passage1原文文本 deer populati

2、ons of the puget sound two species of deer have been prevalent in the puget sound area of washington state in the pacific northwest of the united states. the black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern washington, is now the most common. the other species, the columbia

3、n white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower columbia river. nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deers diet. where the forest inhibits the growth of grass

4、and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salal, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. but this is fair-weather feeding. what keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? one compensationfor not hibernating is the built-in

5、urge to migrate. deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder. the numbers of d

6、eer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of europeans into puget sound country. the early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. famous explorers of the north american frontier, lewis and

7、clark arrived at the mouth of the columbia river on november 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. they had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the rockies and not until the second of december did they kill their first elk. to keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approx

8、imately 150 elk and 20 deer. and when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when fort vancouver became the headquarters of the hudsons bay company, deer popula

9、tions continued to fluctuate. david douglas, scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. a recent douglas biographer states: the deer which once p

10、icturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone in 1832, hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops. reduction in numbers of game should have boded ill for their survival in later times. a worsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached on the land, log

11、ging, burning, and clearing, eventually replacing a wilderness landscape with roads, cities, towns, and factories. no doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. recall the fate of the columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. but for the black-tailed deer, human pressure has had

12、 just the opposite effect. wildlife zoologist helmut buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in washington through recorded time, says that since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximate

13、ly 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period. the causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions. first, the major predators of deerwolves, cougar, and lynxhave been greatly reduced

14、in numbers. second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. but the most profoundreason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the fate of the forests. great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding gr

15、ounds of deer.in addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, arthur einarsen, longtime game biologist in the pacific northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. the protein content of shade-grown vegetation, for ex

16、ample, was much lower than that for plants grown in clearings. 官方真题official4托福阅读passage1题目 question 1 of 14 according to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of puget sound? a. it is native to lowlands and marshes. b. it is more closely related to the mule deer of eas

17、tern washington than to other types of deer. c. it has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie. d. it no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied. question 2 of 14 it can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditions a. cause some deer to

18、hibernate b. make food unavailable in the highlands for deer c. make it easier for deer to locate understory plants d. prevent deer from migrating during the winter question 3 of 14 the word inhibits in the passage is closest in meaning to a. consists of b. combines c. restricts d. establishes quest

19、ion 4 of 14 the phrase in the same breath in the passage is closest in meaning to a. impatiently b. humorously c. continuously d. immediately question 5 of 14 the author tells the story of the explorers lewis and clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points? a. the numbe

20、r of deer within the puget sound region has varied over time. b. most of the explorers who came to the puget sound area were primarily interested in hunting game. c. there was more game for hunting in the east of the united states than in the west. d. individual explorers were not as successful at l

21、ocating games as were the trading companies. question 6 of 14 according to paragraph 3, how had fort vancouver changed by the time david douglas returned in 1832? a. the fort had become the headquarters for the hudsons bay company. b. deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort. c. deer po

22、pulations near the fort had been destroyed. d. crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased. question 7 of 14 why does the author ask readers to recall “the fate of the columbian white-tailed deer in the discussion of changes in the wilderness landscape? a. to provide support for the idea t

23、hat habitat destruction would lead to population decline b. to compare how two species of deer caused biotic changes in the wilderness environment c. to provide an example of a species of deer that has successfully adapted to human settlement d. to argue that some deer species must be given a protec

24、ted status question 8 of 14 the phrase “indefinite period in the passage is closest in meaning to period a. whose end has not been determined b. that does not begin when expected c. that lasts only briefly d. whose importance remains unknown question 9 of 14 which of the following statements about d

25、eer populations is supported by the information in paragraph 4? a. deer populations reached their highest point during the 1940s and then began to decline. b. the activities of settlers contributed in unexpected ways to the growth of some deer populations in later times. c. the cleaning of wildernes

26、s land for construction caused biotic changes from which the black-tailed deer population has never recovered. d. since the 1940s the winter populations of deer have fluctuated more than the summer populations have. question 10 of 14 the word “rebound in the passage is closest in meaning to a. decli

27、ne b. recovery c. exchange d. movement question 11 of 14 which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. a. arthur einarsens longtime family wi

28、th the pacific northwest helped him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse. b. arthur einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food. c. biologist like einarsen believe it is important to find additional open areas with suitable browse fo

29、r deer to inhabit. d. according to einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the pacific northwest. question 12 of 14 which of the following is not mentioned in paragraph 5 as a factor that has increased deer p

30、opulations? a. a reduction in the number of predators b. restrictions on hunting c. the effects of logging and fire d. laws that protected feeding grounds of deer question 13 of 14 look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. where would the sent

31、ence best fit?there food is available and accessible throughout the winter. question 14 of 14 directions: an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. complete the summary by selecting the three answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. some sente

32、nces do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. this question is worth 2 points. deer in the puget sound area eat a wide variety of foods and migrate seasonally to find food. a.the balance of deer species in the puget

33、sound region has changed over time, with the columbian white-tailed deer now outnumbering other types of deer. b.deer populations naturally fluctuate, but early settlers in the puget sound environment caused an overall decline in the deer populations of the areas at that time. c.in the long term, bl

34、ack-tailed deer in the puget sound area have benefitted from human activities through the elimination of their natural predators, and more and better food in deforested areas. d.because puget sound deer migrate, it was and still remains difficult to determine accurately how many deer are living at a

35、ny one time in the western united states. e.although it was believed that human settlement of the american west would cause the total number of deer to decrease permanently, the opposite has occurred for certain types of deer. f.wildlife biologists have long been concerned that the loss of forests m

36、ay create nutritional deficiencies for deer. 官方真题official4托福阅读passage1解析 question 1 of 14 正确答案：d 题目解析：以white-tailed deer做关键词定位至最终一句：the other species, the columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood p

37、lains along the lower columbia river.说白尾鹿过去是什么什么地方的，如今是什么什么地方的，也就是它们的生活环境发生了改变，所以d不再在原来的地方生活正确。a说反，white-tailed deer如今生活在lowlands和marshes，而不是a说的来源于;b的比拟关系原文无提及;c的replace没有提及。 question 2 of 14 正确答案：b 题目解析：段落倒数其次句“deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in la

38、te fall.意思是：深秋时，鹿可能会从夏天高海拔吃草地区迁移到低地地区。深秋也就是快到冬天了，因为高地食物不够了，所以才去低地。对应b选项。许多同学会错选c，这局部同学应当是定位到了最终一句话：even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.说即使有雪掩盖地面，高的understory会暴露(unders

39、tory指的是林下植被)，而且还说风会leafy branches吹下来。c虽然提到了understory，但是easier说法和原文不符，原文说的是高的understroy在会曝露出来，有肯定局限性，也没表达出比起以前更简洁。a在原文物体及;d说冬天迁徙与上文的late fall冲突，也错。 question 3 of 14 正确答案：c 题目解析：inhibit: 阻挡，阻拦。a是组成;b是结合;c是限制，约束;d是建立。依据词意，c正确。对应原文：where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants,

40、the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salal, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb.后半句说鹿吃别的东西去了，说明没有这种草，也就是这种草没长起来，之前说森林怎么样了这种草的生长，当然是阻挡，a组成b结合意思差不多，都不对。d建立完全不靠谱。 question 4 of 14 正确答案：d 题目解析：in the same breath从外表意思上说就是在同一个呼吸的时候，其实可以猜出文中的意思应当是同时或者立即之意，所以d的immediately对。a是没有耐烦的;b是幽默的;c是连

41、续不断地;d是马上地。对应原文：the early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal.带回原文，说那些人知道1800年月有许多鹿，但怎么样他们又因为没有鹿而难受，a没耐烦b不幽默都不靠谱，c持续不能表达当时人们绝望的心情，而且原文也没有信息说持续难受，不对。 question 5 of 14 正确答案：a 题目解析：功能目的题，往前看，这两

42、个人明显是早期探险家的一个例子，读前句说他们知道本来有许多鹿的但又没找到，很明显这句话缺乏以作为一个观点，往前看本段中心句： the numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of europeans into puget sound country. 本段中心句说鹿的数量改变很大，对应a选项的varied，所以a正确。bcd都没有提及。 question 6 of 14 正确答案：c 题目解析：以人名和时间做关键词定位至最终一句：a recent douglas biographer states: the deer w

43、hich once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone in 1832, hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops. 说那些鹿gone了，还有被hunt了，所以应当是没有鹿了，b说反，c对;只是说把鹿打死为了爱护农作物，没说农作物的产量上升，d不对;a没说。 question 7 of 14 正确答案：a 题目解析：功能目的题，往前看，前句说the numbers of deer declined still further，鹿的数量进一步下降，然

44、后才让读者recall哥伦比亚白尾鹿的例子，也就是说白尾鹿就是人类破坏生存环境导致鹿群数量下降的一个证明，所以答案a正确。 question 8 of 14 正确答案：a 题目解析：a indefinite: 不定的。indefinite period: 没有限制的时间段。b没有如期开头，c特别短，d不重要都和不定没关系，不靠谱，a答案说这段时间的末端还没定下来，含有不定的意思，正确。 question 9 of 14 正确答案：b 题目解析：b 问整个第四段，看首句，而且首句说reduction in numbers，与问题中的deer population重合，说鹿数量的下降预示它们的生存

45、变得困难，但看选项发觉没有与之重合的选项，于是可以连续往下看，下面就说到有的鹿群完蛋了，但同时也有的鹿群繁盛了，众多答案中只有b说到鹿的数量增加，所以答案是b。当然也可以排除法，a选项关于1940s原文说early 1940s，跟答案说的1940s不一样，错;c说黑尾鹿没有了，刚好和原文黑尾鹿数量增加相反，错;原文没有冬夏比照，d错。 question 10 of 14 正确答案：b 题目解析：b rebound: 反弹。a是下降;b是复原;c是交换;d是挪动。依据词意，正确答案就是b。 question 11 of 14 正确答案：b 题目解析：b : in addition那局部和后面li

46、ke举的那两个例子，都是特别次要的信息，可以忽视不看。主干局部缩略一下，去掉一些修饰成分后就变成：ae发觉了browse in open areas更加有养分。longtime那里是对这个人的一个修饰(同位语成分)。b选项将主要内容复述了出来。a错在随便篡改语句的留意，原句根本没提到这个人的family;c错在biologist like e，这转变了原文的主语，而且it is important原句没有说;d把原文的非主干局部提升成改写之后句子的主干，构造转变，而且遗漏了主干内容，错。 question 12 of 14 正确答案：d 题目解析：d，排除法，原文第一句就说这段主要就在说鹿群数量增加的缘由，然后分别用first，second和but the mos