新视野大学英语第2册第1单元单词讲解

1、New Words (B2U1A) budget v. plan carefully how much of sth. will be needed （为.）作出安排She has learned how to budget her time carefully. 她已学会了怎么精心安排自己的时间。The government has budgeted 10 million dollars for education spending. 政府在预算中拨款一千万美元作为教育经费。vi. plan the spending of money carefully 制定预算 As a student,

2、 you have to learn how to budget.作为学生，你得学会如何制定开支计划。n. C the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on sth. 预算It is important to balance ones budget. 使收支平衡十分重要。They are preparing the companys advertising budget for 2007. 他们正在制定公司2007年的广告预算。 chargev. ask sb. for an amount of money for a

3、 service 向.收费，要价We do not charge for delivery. 我们免费送货上门。The doctor charged us 400 dollars for a five-minute examination. 医生做一次5分钟的检查要了我们400美元。 acute a. 1. quick to notice sth. 敏感的；敏锐的 Dogs have an acute sense of smell. 狗有灵敏的嗅觉。The critical professional requires unusually acute observation. 评论家需要非常敏锐

4、的观察力。2. very serious or severe 严重的The president suffered acute embarrassment from this news. 这一新闻使总统十分难堪。He felt acute pain on his back. 他感到背部很疼。 hourglass n. C （计时用的）沙漏The use of the hourglass dates back to almost two thousand years ago in China.沙漏的使用在中国可追溯到差不多2千年前。 restless a. unable to keep still

5、 because one is nervous, bored, or impatient 烦躁的；不安静的After one month in the job, he felt restless and decided to leave. 这工作他干了一个月就感到厌倦，于是决定不干了。The children grew restless with the long wait. 等的时间一长，孩子们就逐渐躁动不安起来。 restlesslyad. in a restless manner; impatiently 烦躁地；不安静地She walked back and forth restles

6、sly in her room. 她焦躁不安地在房间里走来走去。He moved about restlessly, lighting a cigarette.他焦躁不安地走来走去，点燃了一支烟。 elbow vt. push sb. with the elbows 用肘推（或撞）人He elbowed me out of the way. 他用肘把我推开了。She elbowed her way forward. 她用胳膊肘推挤着向前走。n. C the joint where the arm bends 肘He sat with his elbows on the table. 他坐着，双

7、肘架在桌上。His arm was wrapped from the elbow to the fingers. 他的胳膊从肘部一直包扎到手指。 abrupt a. 1. (of behavior) rough; offensive 粗鲁的，无礼的 The manager was offended by his abrupt reply. 经理被他的粗鲁的回答激怒了。The head teacher is very abrupt with parents. 主任老师对家长们的态度很粗鲁。2. sudden and unexpected 突然的，意外的The road is full of ma

8、ny abrupt turns. 这条路有许多急转弯。His abrupt departure surprised everyone. 他突然离去，使大家都很吃惊。 opening a. beginning; starting 开始的 He left after the opening speech of the debate. 辩论会的开场白之后他就走了。The queen attended the opening night of the theatre. 女王观看了这家剧院的首夜演出。n. 1. C an occasion when a new building, road, etc.

9、is used for the first time, esp. one that involves a ceremony 开业典礼；落成典礼the opening of a new highway 一条新公路的通车典礼Many attended the opening of the new sports center. 很多人参加了新体育中心的落成典礼。2. C a position that is available in a business or firm 空缺职位There are few openings in publishing for new graduates. 出版行业能

10、为新毕业的大学生提供的空缺职位极少。Im trying to apply for an opening in an advertising firm. 我正在申请广告公司的一个空缺职位。 ritual a. done regularly and in the same way 例行的；惯常的 Every day the work begins with the ritual greetings. 每天的工作以例行的问候开始。They made ritual apology and left. 他们做了程式化的道歉，然后就离开了。n. C, U sth. done regularly and i

11、n the same way 惯例Wives make a ritual of their household duties. 家庭主妇每天都是一成不变地操持家务。Ive wound up the clock so many times that it has become a ritual. 我经常给钟上发条，以致这已成了我的习惯。rite n. （宗教等的）仪式，典礼ritual n. 惯例；程序；仪规；礼节；（尤指）宗教仪式 a. 例行的，惯例的；仪式的，庆典的ritualistic a.例行公事的，老套的；仪式的ritualize (BrE ise) v. 使仪式化；使程式化 inte

12、raction n. 1. C, U communication 交流 The interaction of the two groups produced many good ideas. 两个组通过相互交流提出了许多不错的见解。If there was more interaction between the two, their problems would be solved. 如果双方有更多的沟通，他们的问题会得到解决。2. C, U a process by which two or more things affect each other 相互作用；相互影响the intera

13、ction of two medicines两种药之间的相互作用The interaction between different police forces would improve the rate of solving crimes. 警方相互合作可以提高破案率。 interact v. 交流，沟通，合作；相互作用，相互影响interaction n. 交流，沟通，合作；相互作用，相互影响 interactive a. 合作的；相互影响的；相互配合的；互动的 conventionn. 1. C, U general, usu. unspoken agreement about how

14、people should act or behave in certain situations 习俗；惯例By convention, the leader is always a man. 按照惯例，领导总是由男性担任。Wearing a coat and tie is an accepted convention on such an occasion. 在那种场合，穿外套系领带是约定俗成的穿着要求。2. C a meeting of members of a profession, political party, etc. 会议；大会They hold the annual con

15、vention in July. 他们每年7月召开年度会议。The convention decided on a new rule. 大会就一项新规定作出决议。convention n. 习俗；惯例；会议，大会；公约，协定；（文学、艺术等的）传统手法conventional a. 依照惯例的；传统的；习惯的；常规的，（尤指武器）非核的 unconventional a.conventioneer n. (AmE ) 与会者，大会代表 leisure n. 1. U time free from work or other duties; spare time 空闲，闲暇 Weve been

16、working all week without a moments leisure. 我们已整整干了一周，无一刻闲暇。He has some leisure from his studies. 他在学习之余有些空闲时间。2. U ease 悠闲，安逸A life of easy leisure makes a man less adventurous. 安逸的生活会使人变得不思进取。After she retired, she lived in leisure at home. 她退休后闲居在家。 leisurelya. without hurrying 从容的；不匆忙的walk at a

17、leisurely pace 迈着从容的步伐行进Her walked at a more leisurely pace. 他慢悠悠地走着。ad. 从容地They strolled leisurely along the beach.他们悠闲地在沙滩上漫步。 assess vt. judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of sb. or sth. 评价，评估They assessed the value of the house at $600,000. 他们估算这幢房子值60万美元。They say they can

18、 assess intelligence from these tests.他们声称通过这些测试能对智力进行评估。assess v. 评估，评价 ；估算assessment n. 评估，评价； 看法assessor n. 评判人，考核人；估价员 surroundings n. (pl.) all the objects, conditions, etc. that are around and may affect sb. or sth.; environment 周围的事物；环境pleasant surroundings 令人愉快的环境The new surroundings made th

19、e children very happy. 新的环境让孩子们很开心。 probe v. try to find out the truth about sth. 调查；探究The matter must be probed to the bottom. 这件事必须彻底调查。She tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 她试图探究他的心思，以便知道他在想些什么。n. C 探针（医生检查伤口用的钝头细长工具） The doctor lost the probe during the operation. 手术过程中，医

20、生弄丢了探针。 social a. 1. relating to society and peoples lives in general 社会的 Governments have made efforts to improve womens social and economic status. 政府已做出努力以提高妇女的社会地位和经济地位。Not least important, marriage is a great social stabilizer of men. 很重要的是，婚姻是促使男子稳定的一大社会因素。2. relating to meeting people and spe

21、nding time with them 社交的She often attends social gatherings. 她常出席社交聚会。His reasons for calling were purely social. 他来访的原因纯粹是为了社交。society n. 社会，（社会）阶层；社团，协会; 社交界social adj. 社交的，交际的，社会的socially adv. 在交际方面，在社会上socialism n. 社会主义socialize v. 参加社交活动，使社会主义化 sociallyad.与社会 (或社交) 相关地 We have known each other

22、socially for a long time. 我们相交已久。For socially ambitious couples this is a problem. 对社交上雄心勃勃的夫妇来说，这是一个问题。 tick vi. (of a clock or watch) make a short repeated sound （钟、表等）滴答响The old clock ticked noisily. 那口老钟的滴答声很响。My watch doesnt tick because its electronic. 我的表不滴嗒作响，因为它是电子表。n. sing. the short repea

23、ted sound that a clock or watch makes （钟、表的）滴答声The continual tick of the clock got on my nerves. 钟不断地作响，令我心烦。The ticks seem to be coming from that bag over there. 滴答声似乎是从那边的袋子里发出的。 consequentlyad. as a result 因此，所以 My car broke down and consequently I was late. 我的汽车半路上出了毛病，所以来晚了。I spent most of my m

24、oney in the first week and consequently had very little to spend on food during the last few days of the holidays. 我在假期第一周就用掉了大部分钱，因此最后几天几乎没什么钱买吃的了。 device n. 1. C a machine or tool for a special purpose 器械，装置 He made a device to make the door shut by itself. 他制作了一种能使门自动关闭的装置。A computer is a device

25、for processing information. 计算机是一种处理信息的装置。2. C a way of doing sth. 方法，手段Her illness is only a device to escape seeing him. 她所谓生病只是回避见他的一种策略。By various devices he was able to make a huge fortune. 他通过各种手段赚了一大笔钱。 fax n. C 传真；传真机Ill send you a fax with the details of the meeting.我会把会议的细节用传真发给你。Ill send

26、you the agreement by fax. 我会把合同用传真发给你。 email n. C, U (also e-mail) 电子邮件 Nowadays people send far more emails than letters by post. 现今人们发送的电子邮件远多于信件。They keep in touch by email. 他们通过电子邮件保持联系。 given prep. taking sth. into account; considering 如果考虑到Given the uncertainty over my husbands future I was le

27、ft with little other choice. 鉴于我丈夫前途的不确定性，我别无选择。Given the circumstances, youve done really well. 考虑到环境因素，你做得已经很出色了。 gatheringn. C a meeting 集会，聚会I met him once or twice at family gatherings. 我在家庭聚会上遇到过他一两次。Soon afterwards, the gathering broke up and the guests took their leave.不多久，聚会结束，客人告辞。 imperso

28、nalityn. U the quality of not showing or including personal feelings 不牵涉个人感情；无人情味It was a system of impersonality; it made no difference who you were, so long as you could master its rules. 这是一项不牵涉个人感情的制度，只要你掌握规则，你是谁都无关紧要。 electronica. 1. using devices such as radios, televisions, computers, etc. 使用

29、电子设备的 This dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版本。Ive only now become familiar with the benefits of electronic banking.我现在才熟悉电子银行的优点。2. produced or operated by a flow of electrons 电子的an electronic address book电子地址簿 an electronic game 电子游戏 significancen. sing., U the importance of an e

30、vent, action, etc. 重要性；重要意义Could you explain to me the significance of this part of the agreement? 请把合同中这部分的含义给我解释一下好吗？Few people realized the significance of the discovery. 几乎没人意识到这一发现的重要性。 conduct vt. 1. carry out 进行；实施 conduct an experiment 做实验 We have been conducting a survey of the region.我们对该地

31、区进行了调查。2. act as the path for electricity, heat, etc. 传导（电或热）Copper conducts electricity well. 铜具有良好的导电性能。He wasnt sure if rubber conducted electricity. 他不能肯定橡胶是否导电。n. U the way sb. behaves 行为，举止The prisoner was set free early because of good conduct.那个囚犯因表现好而被提前释放。Nobody can stand such shameless co

32、nduct. 没有人能容忍如此不知羞耻的行为。 increasingly ad. more and more 日益；愈加Increasingly, people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic ones. 人们逐渐认识到我们的根本问题并不是经济问题。The country became increasingly rich and successful. 这个国家日趋富足昌盛。 conference n. C a formal meeting （正式）会议The Institute of Accountants is

33、holding its conference in Edinburgh this year. 会计师协会正在爱丁堡举行今年的会议。Shes an organizer of the International Conference on AIDS that the university has every year. 她是大学每年召开的爱滋病国际会议的组织者。 teleconferencen. C （通过电话、电视等手段召开的）远程会议Holding a teleconference can save time and money. 召开远程会议既省时又省钱。The technicians we

34、re busy preparing for todays teleconference. 技术人员正忙着为今天的远程会议做准备工作。 obtain vt. get sth. that one wants 获得，得到He always manages to obtain what he wants. 他想要的他总能弄到。Further information can be obtained from our head office. 可以从我们的总部获得更多的资料。 superb a. extremely good 极好的The sports center is superb. 这个体育中心是一

35、流的。The view from my window is superb. 从窗外看去，景色壮丽。 whereas conj. in contrast; while 然而；但是He earns $8,000 whereas she gets at least $20,000 every year. 他一年只挣八千美元；而她却至少挣两万美元。She is hard-working, whereas he is lazy.她很勤快，而他却懒惰。 postala. relating to post; sent by post 邮政的；邮寄的Domestic postal services will

36、be reviewed this year. 今年将对国内邮政系统进行评估。 efficient a. working well and without wasting time, money, or energy 效率高的a very efficient secretary 办事效率高的秘书Lighting is now more energy efficient. 现在的照明更节能。 impolitea. not polite 无礼的，失礼的 It would be impolite to leave in the middle of the meeting. 在会议中途离开会是失礼的。S

37、he had no wish to appear impolite but there was something about the man that made her so. 她并不想表现出有失礼仪，但那个男子的举止使她不得不如此。 elapse vi. (of time) pass （时间）过去，逝去Three years have elapsed since we last met. 自我们上次见面以来，已经过去三年了。Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadnt found a job. 他大学毕业已四

38、年了，却仍未找到工作。 skillful a. (BrE skilful) having or showing ability to do sth. well 熟练的；有技巧的He is skillful at inventing excuses. 他善于编造借口。Soon they became very skillful in answering such questions. 他们很快变得善于回答这类问题。 skillfulnessn. U ( BrE skilfulness) 熟练；技巧He was admired by all for his skillfulness. 他技术精湛，

39、赢得众人交口称赞。His performance tonight speaks volumes for his skillfulness. 他今晚的表现充分说明他技巧之熟练。 competent a. having the necessary ability, skill, knowledge, etc. 有能力的；能干的；胜任的Hes not competent to look after young children. 他不太会照管孩子。My secretary is perfectly competent, but she doesnt have much patience. 我的秘书完

40、全能够胜任工作，只是耐心不够。Competent adj. (+to do or for) adequately qualified or capable Competence n. (+ to do or for) ability the state of being competent Competition n. (+ for) competing esp. in an examination in tradeCompetitive adj. Involving , offered for or by competition Compete v. (+with,against a per

41、son , for a thing )strive for superiority or supremacy) fulfill (BrE fulfil) vt. 1. do what one must do 履行；执行fulfill an obligation 履行义务A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick. 护士在护理病人时要履行许多职责。2. achieve sth. one wanted to do 实现；完成I have fulfilled many of my youthful aims. 我已实现了我年轻时

42、的许多目标。Visiting Disneyland has fulfilled a boyhood dream. 游玩迪斯尼实现了他儿时的梦想。a desire 满足欲望 prayer 实现祈愿 hope 符合愿望 need 符合需要 dream 实现梦想 expectations 符合预想 the terms of the contact 满足合同条款的要求 the conditions of 具备条件 capital n. sing., U money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business 资本；资金Our retur

43、n on capital has more than doubled since 2000. 2000年以来, 我们的投资收益翻了一番还多。Since the stock market crash, companies have been trying to raise capital by selling new stock. 股市崩溃以来，不少公司一直在设法通过销售新股筹集资金。Phrases and Expressions fall behind move more slowly than other people so that one is behind them 落在.后面She

44、hurt her ankle and fell behind the others. 她的脚踝受伤了，所以落在了其他人后面。His mother was chatting and didnt notice that he had fallen behind. 他妈妈一直在和别人聊天，都没发现他落在了后面。 result in make sth. happen; cause 导致；造成.的结果Our efforts resulted in success. 我们的努力取得了成功。If left untreated, the condition will eventually result in blindness. 这种情况如果不治疗，