过去分词作定语和表语(1)完整版

1、回顾回顾 在在 Book 4 Unit 3 A taste of English humour 中有这样三个中有这样三个句子句子 1.Such training was common in acting families .2. He grew more and more popular as his charming character .3. The acting is so convincing that .通过观察，我们不难发现第通过观察，我们不难发现第1、2句是动句是动词词-ing形式作定语，且放在被修饰的名词形式作定语，且放在被修饰的名词前面；第前面；第3句是动词句是动词-ing形

2、式作表语，放形式作表语，放在在be动词的后面。今天我们要学习与动动词的后面。今天我们要学习与动词词-ing形式相对应的过去分词作定语和表形式相对应的过去分词作定语和表语的用法。语的用法。过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，常表过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，常表示被动或完成的意义。示被动或完成的意义。1. 过去分词过去分词作定语作定语例句展示 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1. The recovered animals will be released soon.2. We needed much more qualified workers. 3. Paper cuts used for

3、 religious purposes are often found in temples.4. He is a teacher loved by his students.5. The girl dressed in white is her daughter. = The girl who is dressed in white is her daughter.1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在谓语动作之前过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生，表示已经完成或具有被动意义。此时，作定语发生，表示已经完成或具有被动意义。此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由的过去分词一般是由 _动词变来

4、的，因为只有动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。此类动词才有被动意义。及物及物 2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_ （见句1、句2）。过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词 _ ，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个_ （见句3、句4、句5）。之前之前 后面后面 定语从句定语从句 拓展拓展 1. 1. 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动被动和完成和完成的意义。的意义。e.g.：a closed door 关闭的门关闭的门 a lighted candle 点燃的蜡烛点燃的蜡烛 a _ stamp 用过的邮票用过的邮票 an _ finge

5、r 受伤的手指受伤的手指 used injured 注意：注意：(1)过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spokenspoken English 英语口语英语口语 writtenwritten exercises 书面练习书面练习 (2)少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词做前置定少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词做前置定语只有完成的意义语只有完成的意义 a retiredretired teacher 退休教师退休教师 the risenrisen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳 the countries 发达国家发达国家 an priso

6、ner 逃跑的囚犯逃跑的囚犯 developed escaped 单个过去分词修饰由单个过去分词修饰由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代所构成的复合代词或指示代词词或指示代词those或或these等时，要放在等时，要放在这些词的后面。这些词的后面。 e.g.： There is nothing changed here since I left this town.2. 过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。 e.g.： The books written by Lu Xun a

7、re popular 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。 How I regretted the hours _ (waste) in the woods! 我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊!wasted 3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语(相当相当于非限制性定语从句于非限制性定语从句)前后常有逗号。前后常有逗号。e.g.：Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。他们当

8、中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。 四、四、辨析辨析 过去分词与动词过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时形式作定语时的区别：的区别：语态上：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示语态上：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示 被动。被动。 时间上：现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示时间上：现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示 状态或完成。状态或完成。e.g.： surprising news 使人吃惊的消息使人吃惊的消息 surprised listeners 吃惊的听众吃惊的听众 _leaves 落叶落叶(正在进行正在进行) _ leaves 落叶落叶(已经完成已经完成) the _world 正在发生变化的世界正

9、在发生变化的世界 the_ world 变化了的世界变化了的世界falling fallen changing changed The Olympic Games, first _ (hold) in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. The press(出版社出版社) _ (publish) his book is famous in the city. held publishing 过去分词过去分词作表语作表语例句展示 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1. You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。2

10、. Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。自我归纳自我归纳过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成_ 结结构，表示主语的性质、特征和构，表示主语的性质、特征和_。 系表系表 状态状态 扩展情绪情感类的过去分词和一些过去分词相当于一个形容词，常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。常见的这类词有：interested, excited, moved, touched, disappointed, inspired, satisfied，encouraged, em

11、barrassed, shocked, surprised, delighted, pleased，worried, frightened, scared ,tired, bored, confused, drunk, puzzled, delighted (高兴的高兴的)，amused (愉快的愉快的)，frustrated(沮沮丧的丧的), broken (碎了的碎了的),astonished (吃惊的吃惊的)，experienced (有有经验的经验的)，closed (关闭的关闭的)， lost (丢失的丢失的)， gone (遗失的遗失的)， known (著名的著名的)，marri

12、ed (已婚的已婚的)等。等。 辨析辨析 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作过去分词作表语表语，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的的完成和状态完成和状态，此时相当于一个，此时相当于一个形容词形容词; ; 被动被动语态的过去分词被动意味很强语态的过去分词被动意味很强, ,句子主语为动句子主语为动作的承受者，作的承受者，后面常跟后面常跟byby短语短语。e.g.：The glass was broken. (状态状态) VS The glass was broken by Tom. (动作）动作）2. 2. 过去分词作表语与动词过

13、去分词作表语与动词-ing-ing形式形式作表语的区别：作表语的区别：V-ing : 表表特征特征, ,多修饰多修饰物物，常译为，常译为“( (某事物某事物) ) 使人使人，令人，令人”V-ed : 表表状态状态, ,多指多指人人、人的声音或表情等，、人的声音或表情等，常译为常译为“( (某人某人) )感到感到”e.g.：She was embarrassed (尴尬尴尬) because she didnt know the answer. Todays meeting was boring.常用的这类词有：常用的这类词有： (激动激动) exciting excited (惊讶惊讶) su

14、rprising surprised (疲惫，疲劳疲惫，疲劳) tiring tired(失望失望) disappointing disappointed (惊讶惊讶) astonishing astonished (鼓舞鼓舞) encouraging encouraged(高兴高兴) delighting delighted (迷惑迷惑) puzzling puzzled(害怕害怕) frightening frightened(满意满意) satisfying satisfied(感兴趣感兴趣)interesting interested (担心担心) worrying worried(高

15、兴高兴,满意满意) pleasing pleased(震惊震惊) shockingshocked(感动感动) moving moved Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; boring C. tired; bored D. tiring; bored2. The ground is _ with _ leaves. A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fal

16、len3. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened4. The _ boy was last seen _ near the West Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play5. I saw her _ at the windows, _. A. seati

17、ng, thought B. sitting, thought C. sat, thinking D. seated, thinking6. Make less noise. There is a _ child. A. slept B. sleeping C. sleep D. to sleep7. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised8. Who wo

18、uld you like to see at the moment? The man _ John. A. called him B. we call him C. calling D. called9. The _ glass cup was _ by Tom. A. breaking; broken B. breaking; breaking C. broken; broken D. broken; breaking10. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud

19、. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. The girl _ (dress) in a red skirt looks _ (puzzle).2. It is believed that if a book is _ , it will surely _ the reader.（interest）3. The children _ (examine) at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.dressed puzzled interesting

20、 interest examined 4. Hearing the _ news, we all felt _. (encourage)5. After the heavy rain, many cars got _ (catch) in the mud.6. He felt _ (satisfy) with what she said.encouraging encouraged caught satisfied 7. Do you know the man _ (seat) on that stone?8. Do you know the man _ (sit) on that stone

21、?9. The matter _ (discuss) at the next meeting is very important. 10. The flowers _ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. seated sitting to be discussed smelling 三、同义句转换 China is a developing country. = China is_.2. Tony beat his son who was lost in online

22、 games. = Tony beat his son _ . a country which is developing. lost in online games 3. This project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was finished in only two years.= This project, _, was finished in only two years.4. I know the girl smiling at me. = I know the girl _ .which / that was d

23、iscussed yesterday who / that is smiling at me. 5. I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers. = I found it hard to understand the English _ .6. The old man who talked to us on the bus is a retired teacher.= The old man who talked to us on the bus is _.that/which was sp

24、oken by the native villagers. a teacher who has retired. 1. He got _ about losing the money.2. The painter looked so _ after working for a whole day.blamed / upsettired Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative. EX 3 on P5 4. Everybody was _ to hear the death of the famous film star.shocked/ depressed3. I was _ with the film I saw last