Languagepoints高中英语选修8Unit2概要

1、第1部分单词1.Differ 2. undertake着手做着手做, 从事从事, 进行进行; 担任担任, 承担承担, 答应答应, 同意同意3. Object vi反对反对 n.4. obtain, get & gain 得到5. Forbid 禁止禁止6. Accumulate 积累，堆积积累，堆积第2部分 词组1. paid off 取得成绩，获得回报2. cast down 让让 失望失望3. in favor of 赞成赞成1. Think about how they differ. differ vi. Different adj, difference N 常见的结构有：常见的结构

2、有：differ from . 与与不同不同differ in 在在方面不同方面不同differ with sb. on / about / over sth. 与某人在某事上意见不同与某人在某事上意见不同【典型例题【典型例题】Thoughts of Oriental (东方人东方人) differ much _ westerners in a number of ways.A. between B. between those C. from D. from those of【点拨【点拨】此处应该用指代的词，结构和此处应该用指代的词，结构和thoughts of一样，但用一样，但用those

3、代替。代替。 用适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。1) Im sorry to differ _ you _ the matter.2) The customs here differ _ those of the south.3) The two girls differ _ language.4) There are many differences _ living in the city and living in the countryside.fromon/ overfrominbetween2. It is a difficult task to undertake. under

4、take vt. 观察示例观察示例: The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然当然, 这个过程很难这个过程很难实施实施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科学家科学家从事从事这项实验。这项实验。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意我愿意承担承担这些变革的责任。这些变革的责任。The lawyer undertook a new case. 那个律师那个律师接了接了一个新的案子。一个新的案子。underta

5、ke是是_, 主要有两个义项主要有两个义项: 着手做着手做, 从事从事, 进行进行; 担任担任, 承担承担, 答应答应, 同同意。意。归纳拓展归纳拓展：及物动词及物动词完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行).2) He _ _ _ _ (承担一承担一项新任务项新任务).undertooktasknewaaundertakejourney3. , Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections object v. 不赞成不赞成, 反对反对 n. 物品物品, 目标目标派生词派生词 objec

6、tion n. 不赞成不赞成, 反对反对常用搭配常用搭配 object to sth./doing sth. 反对反对(做做)某事某事object to sb. 反对某人反对某人object that 反对反对have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对对表示反对表示反对raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对对提出异议提出异议归纳拓展：归纳拓展：object 作不及物动词时后接介词作不及物动词时后接介词_或或_; 作及物动词时可接作及物动词时可接_引导的引导的从句。从句。objection与与have, take,

7、 feel等连用构成词等连用构成词组：组：have objection to take objection tofeel objection totoagainstthat句型转换。句型转换。1) Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window?object to2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking.3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was t

8、oo young.object toobjected4. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, obtain vt. 观察示例观察示例: Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information. 同时你将同时你将获得获得大量的知识。大量的知识。 She obtained her doctors degree in 1996. 她她1996年年获得获得博士学位。博士学位。The books can

9、 be obtained from the library. 这些书可以在图书馆里这些书可以在图书馆里取得取得。His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就他的成就使得他获得使得他获得很大的名声很大的名声。obtain指通过努力从特定的地方获得非指通过努力从特定的地方获得非常想要的东西。常想要的东西。get指得到的东西不一定跟努力、意志指得到的东西不一定跟努力、意志有关。有关。gain指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价值的东西。值的东西。obtain, get & gain 将下列句子译成汉语。将下列句子译成汉语。1) S

10、he has obtained a driving licence. _2) He obtained entrance to Beijing University. _她已经取得了驾驶执照。她已经取得了驾驶执照。他获得了北京大学的入学资格。他获得了北京大学的入学资格。5. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, forbid vt. 词义词义 vt. (to command someone not to do something) 禁止禁止, 不准不准反义词反义词 all

11、ow 允许允许, 准许准许常用搭配常用搭配 forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止禁止(做做)某事某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事 forbid that 禁止禁止 allow sth./doing sth. 允许允许(做做)某事某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事词语辩析词语辩析 forbid, ban, prohibit都含都含“禁止禁止”的意思的意思, 具体区别如下具体区别如下:1) forbid是常用词是常用词, 指指“命令某人不做命令某人不做某事某事”, 禁止禁止, 不准不准, 不许。如

12、：不许。如：The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。医生禁止他吸烟。Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏厅内不准吸烟。演奏厅内不准吸烟。2) ban语气较重，指权威机关语气较重，指权威机关“正式禁正式禁止止”, (法律上法律上)禁止禁止, 含含“严厉谴责严厉谴责”之之意意,只能用事物作其宾语只能用事物作其宾语, 如如:Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器禁止原子武器和核武器!3) prohibit指指“通过法律或政府法令通过法律或政府法令”, 如如:Th

13、e soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不准离开营房。天黑后士兵不准离开营房。注意事项注意事项 1) forbid后不能直接跟后不能直接跟_作宾语作宾语, 而是跟而是跟_作宾语作宾语, 但是可以跟不但是可以跟不定式作定式作 _(forbid sb. to do sth.), 类似的动词还有类似的动词还有: allow, permit, advise等。等。动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词宾语补足语宾语补足语2) forbid后接后接that引导的从句时引导的从句时, 从句的从句的谓语动词应该用谓语动词应该用_,

14、 即即_, should可以省略。可以省略。 原文再现原文再现 Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 虚拟语气虚拟语气should +动词原形动词原形根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语提示完成句子。1) He _ (禁止员工吸禁止员工吸烟烟) during office hours.2) Many parents _ _ (禁止他们的孩子独自禁止他们的孩子独自外出外出) at night.3) Marriage _ (被禁止被禁止) during college time

15、in the past.forbids staff to smoke forbid their children to go out alonewas forbidden6. but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. accumulate vt. 积累，积聚积累，积聚e.g. He accumulated fortune by hard work. 他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财

16、富。他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。 The purpose of education is not just accumulating information. 教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。vi. 积聚积聚e.g. Dust accumulated during my absence. 我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。 归纳拓展：归纳拓展： accumulate可作及物动词和不及物动可作及物动词和不及物动词，表示词，表示: 收集收集, 聚集聚集, 堆积。堆积。 accumulation n. 积聚积聚 如如: the accumulation o

17、f knowledge 知识的积聚知识的积聚考例考例 Clinical evidence began to _, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate D 点拨点拨 越来越多的临床证据表明，这些新药越来越多的临床证据表明，这些新药的用途比以往在动物身上做实验所预的用途比以往在动物身上做实验所预

18、测到的更广泛。测到的更广泛。operate操作，运转；操作，运转；strengthen加强；加强；approve批准，赞成。批准，赞成。 完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1) He quickly _ _ _ (积蓄了一大笔财富积蓄了一大笔财富).2) Clouds began to _ _ _ _ (在天空中聚集在天空中聚集).largeinaccumulatedfortuneaccumulateskythe1. But at last the determination and patience of scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroug

19、h. pay off 得到好结果得到好结果; 取得成功取得成功; 付清付清观察观察 阅读下列句子，观察阅读下列句子，观察pay off在在句中的意思。句中的意思。1. The house is finished at last. All their hard work has paid off.2. It took them three years to pay off the debt. 归纳归纳 pay off作不及物短语动词，意为作不及物短语动词，意为“_”（句（句1）；）；作及物短语动词，意为作及物短语动词，意为“_”（句（句2）。）。 得到好结果得到好结果，取得成功，取得成功偿清偿清

20、 词语联想词语联想pay (sb.) back sth. 还还(某人某人)某物某物pay sb. back for sth. 因因而报复而报复/惩罚某人惩罚某人pay for sth. 付付的钱；为的钱；为付出代价付出代价pay out 为某事而付出大笔款项为某事而付出大笔款项 pay up 付清付清 注意事项注意事项 pay off 当当“(努力、辛苦努力、辛苦)得到好结得到好结果；果；(事业、计划事业、计划)成功成功”讲时，为讲时，为不及物动词短语，用主动语态。不及物动词短语，用主动语态。用用pay 相关短评的适当形式完成句子。相关短评的适当形式完成句子。1) Ill _ (还你钱还你钱)

21、 next month.2) You must _ (为为付出代价付出代价) your rude words.3) _ (他努力没有白费他努力没有白费) when the manager accepted his proposal.4) She _ 200 yuan _ (付付的钱的钱) Toms bike.forpay you backpay forHis efforts paid offpaid2. Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much

22、older animal. 研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。很沮丧。 cast down 使沮丧使沮丧 e.g. Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. 不要这么沮丧不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！打起精神来！归纳拓展：归纳拓展：cast down 毁掉；使沮丧毁掉；使沮丧cast away 丢弃丢弃 cast off 放弃；丢弃放弃；丢弃 cast out 赶走赶走将下列句子译成英语。将下列句子译成英语。1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。听到

23、这个消息他很沮丧。_2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _ _He was cast down to hear the news. Finding out the truth made him cast down.3. Is it in favour of cloning or against it? in favour of 赞成；支持赞成；支持 e.g. The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 比分是比分是80比比78，客队，客队获胜获胜。 The exchange rate is in our fav

24、our today. 今天的兑换率今天的兑换率对我们有利对我们有利。拓展拓展其他表示此类意思的短语：其他表示此类意思的短语：be for 支持支持be against 反对反对 agree with 同意同意disagree with 不同意；持不同意见不同意；持不同意见thumbs up 翘大拇指，赞扬，同意翘大拇指，赞扬，同意thumbs down 不赞成，不满不赞成，不满将下列句子翻译成英语。将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 你赞成她独自一人去那个村庄吗？你赞成她独自一人去那个村庄吗？2. 在昨天的会议上，我们大家一致赞成在昨天的会议上，我们大家一致赞成经经理的建议。理的建议。Are you

25、in favour of her going to the village alone?All of us were in favour of the managers suggestion at yesterdays meeting.1. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their am

26、bitions. 分析分析 a. 本句的主干是本句的主干是_。b. although引导的让步状语从句中，引导的让步状语从句中，needed for cloning research是过去分词是过去分词短语作短语作_，修饰，修饰human egg cells and embryos。c. 在主句中，在主句中，hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions是动词是动词-ing形式形式短语作后置定语，修饰短语作后置定语，修饰 _。evil leadersnewspapers wrote of evil leaders后置定语后置定语2. S

27、ome began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. 分析分析 a. 本句是一个由本句是一个由but连接的连接的_。b. 第一个分句中有两个并列的谓语动词：第一个分句中有两个并列的谓语动词：began和和_。c. 第二个分句中，

28、第二个分句中，that引导定语从句，修引导定语从句，修饰先行词饰先行词_。forbade并列句并列句medical aid3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us. 分析分析 a. 本句的主句是本句的主句是scientists still wonder。b. whether和和where分别引导两个从句，分别引导两个从句，作作wonder的的_。宾语宾语 仿写仿写 _ _ 我们仍怀疑我们的计划能否在明天的我们仍怀疑我们的计划能否在明天的会

29、议上通过。会议上通过。We still wonder whether our plan can be approved at the meeting tomorrow.I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示或汉语提示, 写出各单词的正确形式。写出各单词的正确形式。1. There are twenty boys and twenty girls in our class. That is to say there are forty students a_.2. By buying two books every month, he soon _

30、(积累积累) as many books as a good library. altogetheraccumulated3. The lawyer u_ the case for free because the old man was poor.4. What is the _ (准确的准确的) meaning of what you said just now?5. Could you explain the p_ for shutting down the computer?6. The fans complained about the apparently a_ distribut

31、ion of tickets for the next game.undertookexactprocedurearbitrary 7. She blushed, c_ her eyes down.8. The book places a high m_ value on marriage and the family unit.9. Doctors have made a great _ (突破突破) in the kidney transplant.10. We took a s_ route to the seaside, which saved us a lot of time.cas

32、ting moralbreakthroughstraightforward II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I have a strong _ (object) to getting up early every day.2. What you did wasnt actually illegal, but it was _ (moral) wrong.3. It is _ (disturb) for a five-year-old boy to explain a scientific theory. objectionmorallydisturbing4. Visitors