倒装和反义疑问句的讲解

1、倒装倒装 (inversion) 倒装倒装 (inversion) 英语最基本的词序是“主语主语+ 谓语动词谓语动词”通常十分固定。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面谓语动词放在主语前面，这就叫做倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，称为完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。1）完全倒装(complete inversion)Out rushed the boy.Then came the students.2）部分倒装(partial inversion)Is the young worker cleaning the machine?Has he come?Will you

2、go to the library with us?全部倒装全部倒装1There be句型在这句型中，谓语动词除be外，还有：exist, lie, appear, seem, remain, stand, live等，可以把它们看作是be的异体词。There is a letter for you from Jim.There are some changes in the printed programme.Therell be thousands of football fans in Atlanta this weekend.There remains one matter still

3、 to be discussed.It is highly probable that there exist any number of systems resembling our own solar system. 2. 当hence, here, there, then, now, thus等词置于句首时Now comes your turn.Here comes the bus! Thus ended this experiment.The town was built on the side of a hill: hence (comes) the name Hillside.注意

4、：如主语为人称代词,不用倒装结构。例如:a. Here she comes. b. Here it is. Then _ the Civil War.A. did follow B. followed C. does follow D. following There _ at the top of the hill. A. stands a weather station B. a weather station standsC. does a weather station stand D. is a weather station standAB3. 为了使描述生动形象，增强语言的印象效

5、果，可将某些表示方向、方位的副词如down, up, out, in, off, away等置于句首，用全倒装。例如： a. Away flew the pigeons. 鸽子飞了。 b. Bang went the firecracker. c. The door burst open and in rushed the crowd. d. Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks注意：如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置则不变，只将副词放在句首。如： Out he rushed. 他冲了出去。 Round and round _.A. f

6、lew the planeB. the plane flew C. did the plane fly D. was the plane flying Up _.A. his ball went B. went it C. did he go D. he cameAD4. 在不带在不带if的虚拟条件状语从句的虚拟条件状语从句,谓语动词是谓语动词是be的句子里。如：的句子里。如： Were I in your position, I would ask him about the matter.部分倒装部分倒装1疑问倒装：一般为半倒装Do you like the new house?Are y

7、ou going with us?Cant you walk a little faster?但是，疑问词作主语或疑问词作主语的定语时，句子不倒装。Who is really against this plan?Which choice is the best? 2.当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。常见的词和短语有：hardly, little, never, not until, rarely, seldom, nowhere, in no way, at no time, in no case, by no means, hardly (scarcely/bar

8、ely)when, no sooner than等。例如：a. Seldom do we go for picnics.b. In no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.c. No sooner had we reached the station than the train was off.d. I have never seen such a beautiful place.Never have I seen such a beautiful place.1. Not a single word_

9、at the meeting so far.A. did she say B. said she C. has she saidD. she has said2. Seldom _ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.A. would I make B. did I makeC. I did make D. shall I make3. By no means_ succeed in getting the first place.A.they can B. can they C. they could D. have t

10、heyCBB3. 句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语从句” 构成，也可引起局部倒装。Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets. Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. Only by working hard can we succeed.

11、注意：only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。 如： The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations. （改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.）Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room. Only five passengers survived the accident. Only by practising a few hours every day _ be abl

12、e to use it.A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you Only in this way _ the problems.A. you can solve B. can you solveC. you solve D. did you solve DB5. notuntil当notuntil句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.注意

13、：在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.4. not onlybut also当not onlybut also句式的not only部分置于句首时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。_ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B.

14、 Not only did they bringC. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring B 1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realizeC. I didn t realize D. I realized 2. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B.

15、 Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly did heBC6.用于以副词so, neither, nor 开头,表示“某人也这样”一类概念的句子。 1) so用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容词，名词或动词,通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人(或物)，结构为: So+be, do, have+主语.例如: I can speak English . So can my brother Society has changed and so have the people in it. Coal is under the ground, and so is

16、oil. He saw it, and so did I. 注意：如果不是表示情况的适合，而是表示对前面的句子内容的同意或肯定，则不能用倒装句。例如： He is a good teacher, so he is. 2)neither, nor用于否定句，通常指前面所说的否定情况，也适用于其他人（或物），结构为：Neither (nor)+be, do, have+主语。 例如： You cant do it , neither/nor can I . “Did you see that?” “No” “Neither did I”. 注意：Nor 用于否定句中，承接前面的语气进行进一步否定时

17、，否定的事情一般和前边的并不一致，这一点和neither 的用法是不同的。例如：He cannot see, nor could he hear until one month ago. I wont arrive today. Nor tomorrow. 1.We dont need air conditioning, _.A) nor can we afford it B) and nor we can afford it C) neither can afford it D) and we can neither afford 2.“Do you know Jim quarreled w

18、ith his brother?”“I didnt know, _.”A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care alsoAB7. So/Suchthat的倒装形式的倒装形式在在 So(such)that结构中，如果结构中，如果so或或such在句首，在句首，通常也会用倒装结构。例如通常也会用倒装结构。例如:a. So busy was I that I had no time to have lunch. b.Such(=so hot) was the weather that I coul

19、d not go out. c. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. d. To such an extent did the temperature rise that the fireman had to leave the burning house.1._ that he couldnt speak.A.So angry he wasB. So angry was heC. Such angry was heD. So was he angry2. Such _.A. w

20、as that he saidB. was what he saidC. were what he saidD. is what he saidBB8.用于以were, had, should等词开头的虚拟条件句（即省略了if的虚拟条件句）例如： a.Had I known it earlier, I would not have made the mistake. b.Were she here,we would be able to get some good advice. c.Should you go to Shanghai with me ,let me know. 9.在某些表达

21、祝愿的句子里用倒装，例如：在某些表达祝愿的句子里用倒装，例如： a. May you succeed! 祝你成功！祝你成功！ b. So be it! 但愿如此！但愿如此！9.英语中有的让步状语从句可用英语中有的让步状语从句可用as,though等引等引起的倒装结构表示，其结构为起的倒装结构表示，其结构为: “形容词（副词，动词，分词形容词（副词，动词，分词)+as (though) +主语主语+谓语谓语”。 a. Young though she is, she is courageous. b.Much as I like playing football ,I like swimming

22、 better. c. Child as /though he is , he knows a lot.反义疑问句反义疑问句The Disjunctive Question1. 反反意疑问句的答意疑问句的答语语在回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no。 如：-You are not going out today, are you? 你今天不出去，是吗？ -No, I am not. 是的，我今天不出去。-George wasnt there that day, was he? 乔治那天不在那里，对吧？ -No, he wasnt. 对，他不在。1.

23、构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题：构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题：1)当陈述部分的主语是当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用有时也可用he.)如：Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?Everyone has been there, havent they?Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt they?No one was

24、 hurt, was he? 2) 当陈述部分的主语是当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用疑问部分的主语常用it.如： Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasnt it?Nothing is wrong with the machine, is it?Nothing can stop us now, can it?3) 当陈述部分的主语是当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问部分的时，反

25、意疑问部分的主语常用主语常用one或或you。如：One cant be too careful, can one/ you? 一个人越认真越好，是吧？One should study hard, shouldnt one/ you? 一个人应当认真学习，是吗？4) 当陈述部分的主语是当陈述部分的主语是man(人类人类)时，反意疑问时，反意疑问部分的主语常用部分的主语常用he。如：Man is the master of his own fate, isnt he? 人类是自己命运的主宰，是吗？5) 当陈述部分是当陈述部分是there be结构时，结构时， 反意疑问部分反意疑问部分用用ther

26、e,省略主语代词。省略主语代词。如：There is something wrong with the machine, is there? There wont be any trouble, will there? There used to be a shop, didnt there? 6) 当陈述部分含有当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。如： She seldom goes to

27、the cinema,_? Few people know him,_? Bob rarely got drunk, _?He has never been to London,_? They can hardly understand it,_? does shedo theycan they has hedid he7) 当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时，应把陈述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑问部分要用否定式。如：He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? This meeting is unimportant, isnt it?

28、Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesnt she?He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isnt he?8) 当陈述部分是Im 结构时，反意疑问部分常用arent I ; 当陈述部分是I am not 时，反意疑问部分要用am I。 例如：I am late, arent I? Im not doing well, am I? 9) 当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。如： She says that I did it,_? He n

29、ever said he would come,_? If you dont start early, you will be late,_? He told you that he had watched the football match,_? Peter believes that his dream will come true some day,_?doesnt hedoesnt shedid hewont youdidnt he10) 当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致，而且要

30、注意否定转移。如：I suppose that she is careful,_?I think he is a thief,_? I dont believe she has gone home,_?I dont think he can do it well,_? I dont believe you can finish the job,_?isnt shecan youcan hehas sheisnt he11) 当陈述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解时，反意疑问部分用have或助动词do来完成；如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词，则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do来完成。如：

31、 He hasnt a lot of time to spare, has he? They had milk and bread for breakfast, didnt they?You all had a good time, didnt you? Mike often has a cold, doesnt he? 12) 当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时，反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。如： You had to take the early bus, didnt youWe have to do it, dont we? He has to look aft

32、er the child, doesnt he? They had to keep quiet, didnt they13) 当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。如：He used to smoke three cigarettes a day, didnt/ usednt he?He used to get up late, didnt/ usednt he? We used to work in the same workshop, didnt/ usednt we? 14）当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you. 如：

33、Help me to do it, will you? Dont go there, will you? Be quiet, will you? 注意： Lets 和Let us都表示“让我们”，但用法上不同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同：以Lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you. 如： Lets go skating, shall we? Let us have a look at your book, will you?15）当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。如： He had better do more speaking, hadnt he? You would like to do it, wouldnt y