选修8unit1虚拟语气

1、1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。3. 3. 在条件句中的应用在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。故采用虚拟语气。1).1).真实条件句真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中情况可能发生，其中 if if 是如果的意

2、思。是如果的意思。句型：句型： 条件从句条件从句 主句主句 一般现在时一般现在时 shall/will + Vshall/will + V原形原形. .The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rainedIf he comes, he will bring his violinB2). 非真实条件句。非真实条件句。非真实条件句用语虚拟语气，假设非真实条件句用语虚拟语气，假设的情况不可能发生，或者可能性很的情况不可能发生，或者可能性很小，其中小，其中if if 是是“要是

3、、如果要是、如果”的意的意思。即思。即: “: “要是要是就好了就好了”；“如果如果，就会就会”1.If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.If it should rain t

4、omorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与将来事实相反3). The meaning of the sentence of subjunctive mood If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told

5、 him about it.含义：含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义：含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式现在过去未来V.+ed（were）

6、had donewould/could/should/might +V（原）（原）would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.（原）（原）二：虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.Wish 的宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时（过去时（were）过去完成时过去完成时would/could/might+V. should1.I wish I were a bird.（现在）（现在）2.I wish I hadnt made such a mist

7、ake.（过去）（过去）3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）（将来）I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wish to do表达法。表达法。 wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the

8、manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2. would rather that现在：过去：未来：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + Clause 现在：过去：过去时过去完成时He looks as if h

9、e were drunk.They talked as if they had been friends for years.She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.Its (about/high) time +that -should +V.过去时你该走了。你该走了。我们该去睡我们该去睡觉了。觉了。Its high time that you went.Its hi

10、gh time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即令，三个建议，四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand , require

11、, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词法。即从句中的动词 使用使用should + 动词原动词原形，或者将形，或者将should省略。省略。我们建议我们建议Tom Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should )be present.The king

12、 ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意：注意： 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示建议建议 或或坚坚持要某人做某事时持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、坚持认为坚持认为时，宾语

13、从句用时，宾语从句用陈述语气陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括以上动词相应的名词构

14、成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be

15、closed down.6.without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。but for要不是要不是Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.7. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I k

16、new his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important / pity /no wonder/impossible + that-Claus

17、e 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动动词原形词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.9. 某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republi

18、c of China!10. need 不必做不必做和和本不该做本不该做 didnt need to do表示：表示： 过去不必做某事过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。事实上也没做。.neednt have done表示：表示： 过去不必做某事过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。但事实上做了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the statio

19、n with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上步行回家，没有遇上John的车。的车。)典型例题典型例题There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried答案答案D。neednt have done. 意为

20、意为本不必本不必，即已，即已经做了某事，而实际上不必要。经做了某事，而实际上不必要。mustnt have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done, 不可能已经不可能已经。 must not do 不可以（用于一般不可以（用于一般现在时）现在时）D三：三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照虚拟

21、语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。假设的时间而顶。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把三个助动词可以把if省略，并将省略，并将这三个词提至句首。这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give i

22、t up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If the

23、re should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 3. 谓语动词以谓语动词以should + have done 的形式的形式 出现的时候，表示过去应该做而没有做出现的时候，表示过去应该做而没有做 的事情，从而表示一种责备的语气。的事情，从而表示一种责备的语气。 e.g. 1). You should have finished your homework yesterday. 2). You should have come here five minutes earlier

24、. 3). He should have told me about it earlier.注意：注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用的过去时态一律用were，不用，不用was， 即在从句中即在从句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wer