2021届高考英语二轮复习好题专题01阅读理解第02期含解析202103052122.doc
2021届高考英语二轮复习好题专题01阅读理解含解析打包4套
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阅读理解阅读理解【2021届重庆市巴蜀中学高三高考适应性月考卷（十)】londons must-see exhibitionsthis year is zipping along at quite a speed, and londons already witnessed some great exhibitions. but big treats are still to come.van goghs sunflowers and starry night at tate britaina major exhibition at tate britain, which examines how van gogh was inspired by british art, and how he in turn inspired british artists. his famous painting sunflowers fills the gallery with joy, while a work of a red-haired man with piercing (锐利的) blue eyes stares out at visitors.the ey exhibition: van gogh and britain at tate britain. until 11 august, 22.glass master at kew gardensdale chihuly creates sculptures out of glass that we would normally think impossible. his bright colorful forms twist and expand as if they are living creatures. with 32 of his sculptures around kew gardens, were looking forward to kew becoming even more beautiful than it already is.chihuly at kew: reflections on nature at kew gardens. 13 april-27 october, 13.75. more of moore at museum of londonhenry moore is best-known for his abstract figure sculptures, with a fantastic collection at the british museum. what many wont know about is his obsession (痴迷) with armour (盔甲), and the sculptures he created inspired by renaissance armour. actually, theyre going on display at museum of london, next to the armour that inspired them.henry moore: the helmet heads at museum of london. until 23 october, 11.shining a light on rembrandt at dulwich picture gallerydulwich picture gallery commemorates 350 years since the death of rembrandt with an exhibition on the man who mastered the use of light and dark in his paintings. the last rembrandt exhibition in london was superb more of the same, please.rembrandts light at dulwich picture gallery. 2 october-2 december, 15.1at which place can you enjoy van goghs paintings?atate britain.bkew gardens.cmuseum of london.ddulwich picture gallery.2what is the feature of henry moore: the helmet heads?ahenry moores best-known sculptures.ba fantastic collection of abstract paintings.csculptures inspired by renaissance armour.dpaintings of impressive armour in past times3which of the exhibitions is available in november?athe ey exhibition van gogh and britain.bchihuly at kew: reflections on nature.chenry moore: the helmet heads.drembrandts light.【答案】1a2c3d【解析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了伦敦的几个艺术展览。1细节理解题。根据题干van gogh定位到第一个展览中的the ey exhibition: van gogh and britain at tate britain可知，在tate britain可以欣赏到梵高的画。故选a。2细节理解题。根据第三个展览可知，henry moore最著名的是抽象人物雕塑，藏品在大英博物馆。许多人不知道的是他对盔甲的痴迷，以及他受文艺复兴时期盔甲的启示而创作的雕塑，而这些将会在伦敦博物馆展出。故选c。3推理判断题。根据每个展览介绍部分的最后一行时间信息可知，rembrandts light在11月举办。故选d。 an american brother and sister have survived a 14-hour swim to safety in the caribbean after the fishing boat they had rented sank off the north coast of st lucia.dan susk, 30-year-old it professional from san francisco, said he had been fishing in rough seas with help from his sister, kate suski, a 39-year-old architect, when the ship began to sink on 21april. water flooded the engine room. the captain threw life jackets to the suski and said, “jump out! jump out!” the suski obeyed and jumped into the water with the captain and the first mate (大副). less than five minutes later the boat sank. they were at least eight mile was telling us to stay together, and that help was on its way and that we needed to wait, kate suski said. after an hour, when no help came, the suski decided to swim for it and lost sight of the captain and the first mate.a helicopter appeared in the distance but no one spotted them. several hours went by, and the sun began to set. “theres this very real understanding that the situation is dire,” kate suski said both considered the possible ways we might die. would we drown? be eaten by a shark? would our legs give out and make it impossible to swim?they swam for 12 to 14 hours, talking as they pushed and trembled their way through the ocean. when in the moonlight they finally came within about 10 meters of land they realized that they were looking at steep rocky cliffs and would be beaten to death against them if they tried to approach any closer. they swam until they noticed sand nearby around midnight and dragged themselves ashore. later, the suski were treated in hospital. they learned that the captain and the first mate were rescued after spending nearly 23 hours in the water.4how many people were there on the fishing boat before it sank?a5.b4.c3.d25what does the underlined word dire in paragraph 3 mean?aawkwardbseriouscperfect.ddifferent6what do we know about the suskis?athey were rescued by a helicopter.bthey survived 23 hours in the water.cthey swam over eight miles to the shoredthey got back on land as soon as they saw it.7which of the following can best describe the suskis?abrave and calm.bstrong and sensitivecoptimistic and generous.dfaithful and curious【答案】4b5b6c7a【解析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了两兄妹船上遇险，跳海自救的故事。4细节理解题。从文中可以看出，船上有captain，first mate，以及the suskis兄妹，一共四人。故选b。5词句猜测题。根据第三段开始的情景描述：“一架直升机出现在远处，但没有人发现他们。几个小时过去了，太阳开始落山了。”由此可知，兄妹俩面临的形势非常严峻，因此推断划线词与b项serious意思相近。故选b。6细节理解题。根据第二段的中间信息they were at least eight miles from shore.可知，兄妹俩落水的时候离海岸至少8英里，在故事的最后他们成功游到了岸上。由此推断，他们游了8英里到达岸上。故选c。7推理判断题。根据文中描述可知，the suskis临危不乱，寻求生机，说明他们很有勇气。看到峭壁能辨别危险，寻找新的上岸机会，说明他们是沉着冷静的。故选a。 when youre a teen you start being more aware of what other people think. there seems to be a “right” thing to wear, or say, or do. there also seem to be things that you shouldnt do-things that could be embarrassing, or lose your points with friends. this can lead to social anxiety.some kids feel so anxious that they develop something called social anxiety disorder (障碍), which is diagnosed (诊断) when you worry so much about how you appear to others that you stop doing things you need to and want to do for fear of embarrassing yourself. kids with social anxiety disorder arent just nervous when theyre at parties or giving a speech in class. even small interactions (互动), like answering a question in class or eating with friends in the cafeteria can feel extremely scary to kids with social anxiety disorder. thats because they fear they might accidentally do something embarrassing or offensive, and it will make others judge or even reject them. and while kids who are just shy will gradually warm up to new people and situations over time, kids with social anxiety dont. shyness might hold you back to some degree from doing things, but it wont deeply influence your ability to do your job as a teenager, which is to function in school, function in your family, and to have friends and be a part of your peer-related community. but social anxiety will.many teens experience anxiety disorders. being brave and telling someone how you feel might seem scary, but if you can get over that obstacle, someone will want to listen. asking for help can be hard, but it really is important.8what is the main cause of social anxiety?alack of friendship.bones appearance.cschool performance.dothers judgment.9who is most likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety?aalice, who skips school to avoid answering questions in class.bdavid, who always thinks he cant do as well as his classmates.cchris, who feels nervous every time he gives a speech in public.djenny, who has been in low spirits since she failed the last exam.10social anxiety disorder differs from shyness in that .ait influences people around youbit only makes your grades suffercit greatly affects your normal lifedit is related to your study or work11what is the best title for the text?awhat is social anxiety disorderbhow social fear ruins relationshipscwhy teens suffer from social anxiety?dwhen anxiety disorders go unnoticed【答案】8d9a10c11a【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年中普遍存在的社交焦虑症的各种特征，并对此提出了建议。8细节理解题。根据第二段“when you worry so much about how you appear to others that you stop doing things you need to and want to do for fear of embarrassing yourself.”可知，当你过于担心自己在别人眼中的形象，以至于因为害怕尴尬而停止做你需要做的、想做的事情时，你就会患上这种疾病。所以来自他人的意见看法是导致焦虑的主要原因，故选d项。9推理判断题。根据第三段“even small interactions (互动), like answering a question in class or eating with friends in the cafeteria can feel extremely scary to kids with social anxiety disorder”可知，对于患有社交焦虑症的孩子来说，即使是很小的互动，比如在课堂上回答问题或与朋友在餐厅吃饭，也会让他们感到极度恐惧，推断出a项“不想在课堂上回答问题而逃学的alice”最有可能被诊断为社交焦虑症。故选a项。10细节理解题。根据文章的倒数第二段“shyness might hold you back to some degree from doing things, but it wont deeply influence your ability to do your job (害羞可能会在某种程度上阻碍你做事，但它不会显著影响你作为一个青少年的工作能力)”及最后一句“but social anxiety will.(但社交恐惧症会)”可知，社交恐惧症与害羞的不同之处在于，它会影响正常生活，所以c项“它极大地影响你的正常生活”正确。故选c项。11主旨大意题。第一段最后一句“this can lead to social anxiety.”表明本文主题，并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了社交恐惧症的各种表现和特点。所以短文的最佳标题为“什么是社交焦虑症”故选a项。 scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. new research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death.the capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle, said physicist otto sankey of arizona state university. “if the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill certain viruses. however, locating these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. experiments must try various conditions, sankey said.to further this search, sankey and his student eric dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. from this, they can determine the lowest resonant frequencies. an experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. sankey said, “like pushing a child on a swing from rest, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”however, it is difficult to calculate what sort of push will kill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. a direct calculation of each atoms movements would take several hundred thousand gigabytes of computer memory, sankey explained.the team plans to use their technique to study other, more complicated viruses. however, it is still a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “this is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” sankey said. “we remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”12what is the new way to kill viruses?areplacing viruses capsids with shells.bbreaking viruses capsids by vibration.clocating the position of certain viruses.ddamaging the conditions that viruses like.13why does sankey mention “pushing a child on a swing” in paragraph 4?ato prove how simple the new theory is.bto explain how to start the virus shaking.cto suggest the idea comes from our real life.dto show the destructive power of vibrations.14what is the fifth paragraph mainly about?athe shell structure of viruses.bthe lack of computer memory.cthe challenging part of the research.dthe importance of atoms movement.15what is sankeys attitude towards the theory?adisapproving.bworried.cuncaring.dpositive.【答案】12b13b14c15d【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的全新方法。12细节理解题。根据第二段的the capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle和if the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.可知，病毒有一层外壳，如果受到机械振动则可以将其破坏，病毒就可以毁灭。故选b。13推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句like pushing a child on a swing from rest，one sudden push gets the virus shaking.可知，就像从秋千上推孩子一样，一个突然的推动就会让病毒颤抖，因此推断，sankey是用类比的方式帮助读者了解这种破坏病毒原理。故选b。14主旨大意题。根据第五段的内容可知，由于病毒的外壳结构中可能有数百万个原子，因此很难计算出哪种推动会杀死病毒。直接计算每个原子的运动将需要消耗大量计算机内存，因此本段主要讲的是在这项研究中会遇到的主要问题。故选c。15推理判断题。根据全文的最后一段的we remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.(我们仍然充满希望，但同时保持怀疑)可知，sankey对这项新技术的未来是有信心的。故选d。阅读理解【2021届宁夏银川一中高三下学期第五次模拟】going out guider&b: melanie fionaknown for such songs as “it kills me” and “this time,” r&b singer melanie fiona made her first musical album(唱片) in 2009 with “the bridge” and followed it up with “the mf life” in 2012. a new album, “next train, ” is planned to drop this year.8 pm, feb. 13. howard theatre. 202-803-2899. $ 30$ 59. 99.ballet: john crankos “romeo & juliet”celebrated south african choreographer (编舞者) john cranko created the dance inspired by shakespeares lovers with a score by sergei prokofiev. the production was first performed in the united states in 1969 and returns to the kennedy center under the artistic direction of julie kent.feb. 14 18. kennedy genter. 202-467-4600. $ 25 $ 160.exhibit(展览): “brand new: art and commodity (商品) in the 1980s”this exhibit shows the commodification of art in the 1980s, when trade, art and entertainment became unclear. the exhibit shows works by 68 artists, including jeff koons, barbara kruger and julia wachtel.feb. 14 through may 13. hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden. 202-633-1000. freer&b: valentines love jamr&e artists are known for some of our most beloved(喜爱的) love songs, and the performers lined up for this show are no exception. singer-songwriters tyrese (“sweet lady”) and joe (“i wanna know”) join forces with swv (“weak”) ,dru hill (“beauty”) and next (“wifey”) for this show.8 p. m., feb. 17. eaglebank arena. 703-493-4000. $ 59$ 99.1which number should you call if you are interested in dance?a703-493-4000.b02-633-1000.c202-467-4600.d202-803-2899.2where can people enjoy a free show?ahirshhorn museum and sculpture garden.bkennedy center.ceaglebank arena.dhoward theatre.3when can you attend a love song concert?afeb. 18.bfeb. 17.cfeb . 14.dfeb. 13.【答案】1c2a3b【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了近期一些艺术活动的信息。1细节理解题。由ballet: john crankos romeo &，juliet以及其介绍内容中的celebrated south african choreographer john cranko created the dance inspired by shakespeares lovers with a score by sergei prokofiev可知，该节目以芭蕾舞的形式演出。如果对舞蹈感兴趣的话，可以拨打电话202-467-4600来了解节目详情。故选c。2细节理解题。由exhibit: “brand new: art and commodity in the 1980s”中最后一句feb. 14 through may 13. hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden. 202-633-1000. free可知，观众可以免费观看此次展览，展览的地点是hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden。故选a。3细节理解题。由 r&b: valentines love jam 介绍内容中的 r&b artists are known for some of our most beloved love songs 以及 8pm, feb. 17 可知，观众可以在 2 月 17 日聆听节奏蓝调歌手们的情歌演唱会。故选b。 my teacher，mr.august j.bachmann，was the most influential teacher i ever had.i had gotten into trouble in his class:another student had pushed me for fun，and i became angry and began to hit him.mr.bachmann stopped the fight，but instead of sending me to the office，he sat me down and asked a simple question，“penna，why are you wasting your life？why arent you going to college？”i didnt know anything about colleges or scholarships.no one had ever considered that a fatherless boy from the poorest neighborhood had a future.that day，instead of rushing off for lunch，he stayed and explained possible education options to me.at the end of our talk，he sent me to see a secretary who had a child at a state college.this was in 1962 at emerson high school in union city，new jersey.well，55 years have passed，and what have i done with the knowledge he gave me？i gained a phd from fordham university when i was only 29.i taught english and social studies and then moved up the chain of command from teacher to principal(校长).ive sat on the board for magnet schools of america and represented that organization at the united nations.ive won a number of great educational awards.but where would i be if a truly caring teacher had not taken the time out of his lunch period to speak to me？it was without question only his confidence in me that helped me forward.i have repaid his kindness hundreds of times by encouraging misguided youngsters to aim higher.if i have saved any children，it is because of him.if i have been a successful educator，it is because i had a great role model in mr.bachmann.4the writer _ before mr.bachmann talked to him.awas an active boybwas an aimless boycliked making troubles in classdwould get punished by his teachers5which of the following best describes mr.bachmann?afair.bconfident.cinspiring.dhumorous.6how did mr.bachmann influence the writer?ahe set the writer on the right path.bhe was strict with the writer.che helped the writer with his study.dhe tried to set a good example to the writer.7what does the writer think of his achievement?ahe is very proud of himself.bhe feels his effort gets paid off at last.che owes his achievement to mr.bachmann.dhe thinks it an honor to be a successful educator.【答案】4b5c6a7c【解析】本文是记叙文。作者在文中记述了一位对自己有深远影响的老师。“我”在遇到我的老师mr. bachmann以前是一个没有人关心、不求上进的人，但mr. bachmann对我的教导，改变了“我”的一生，最终成为了一个成功人士的故事。4推理判断题。由文章第二段“i had gotten into trouble in his class: another student had pushed me for fun, and i became angry and began to hit him.” 以及第三段“i didnt know anything about colleges or scholarships. no one had ever considered that a fatherless boy from the poorest neighborhood had a future” 可知，我在遇见mr. bachmann之前没有人关心过我，是一个无目标、不求上进的孩子。因此我对未来并没有什么计划，而是漫无目的，故选b。5推理判断题。第三段“that day，instead of rushing off for lunch，he stayed and explained possible education options to meat the end of our talk，he sent me to see a secretary who had a child at a state collegethis was in 1962at emerson high school in union city，new jersey” 可以知道，他鼓励我让我看清自己的未来，他对“我”是有激励性的，在文章中并没看到巴赫曼老师的公平、自信以及幽默，因此a、b和d是错误的，故选c。6推理判断题。由第二“asked a simple question: penna, why are you wasting your life? why arent you going to college?”和第三段“i didnt know anything about colleges or scholarships.no one had ever considered that a fatherless boy from the poorest neighborhood had a future.at the end of our talk，he sent me to see a secretary who had a child at a state college”可知，我原来的生活是没有目标、没有未来的，而巴赫曼老师替我指出了正确的道路，故选a7推理判断题。由文章中最后一句话“if i have saved any children，it is because of him.if i have been a successful educator，it is because i had a great role model in mrbachmann”可知，我把我的成功归结为巴赫曼老师对我的鼓励。故选c cats may have “attachment (依恋) styles” that are similar to those of people. contrary to cats original reputation, most cats form deep, close relationships with their owners, researchers say.a team of researchers studied the relationship between the owners and their kittens by a type of psychology experiment. they set up a room, which is bare except for a few toys. the team instructed each owner to sit in a circle outlined on the floor in the middle of the room and ignore his or her kitten for two minutes, not making eye contact or speaking unless the cat stepped inside the circle. owners were allowed to interact (互动) with their pet if the cat entered the circle. then, the owner left the cat alone in the room for two minutes, before re-entering and again sitting inside the circle.the researchers tested 79 kittens and their owners and recorded each pairs interactions on camera. based on how the cat reacted to their owners return, the researchers believed 70 of the participants have attachment styles. the findings indicate that the attachment is probably a biological characteristic that may have evolved (进化) to improve survival.to see if a particular kittens attachment could change with training, 39 of the kittens were arranged to join a special class and 31 werent. for six weeks of classes, the kittens that attended a special class socialized with other cats and unfamiliar adults, and learned how to sit or walk on leash (皮带). but when all of the kittens repeated the original experiment, very few switched attachment styles. it proves that the relationship formed between a human and a cat is stable over time, which means those first interactions are important, the researchers say.the team hopes that understanding how cats bond with humans could help more stray (无主的) cats be adopted.8what is the original impression that cats make on people according to the text?aindifferent.bclose.ckind.dlazy.9what is the second paragraph mainly about?athe process of the experiment.bthe type of the experiment.cthe achievements of the team.dthe effect of the research.10what does the training classes suggest about a cats attachment to humans?ait changes easily.bit forms in six weeks.cit lasts for a long time.dit only shows to its owner.11from which is the text probably taken?aa biology textbook.ba research paper.ca health magazine.da travel brochure【答案】8a9a10c11b【解析】本文是说明文。研究人员说，与猫最初的名声相反，大多数猫与它们的主人形成了深厚而密切的关系。8推理判断题。根据第一段的cats may have “attachment (依恋) styles” that are similar to those of people. contrary to cats original reputation, most cats form deep, close relationships with their owners, researchers say.(猫可能有类似于人的“依恋”风格。 研究人员说，与猫最初的名声相反，大多数猫与它们的主人形成了深厚而密切的关系)可推断，猫给人们的最初的印象是不容易与人亲近，是冷漠的。故选a。9主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段讲述了研究小组建立了一个小房间，除了几个玩具外，光秃秃的，猫主人坐在一个圆圈里，忽略他们的小猫，除非它们进入圆圈，然后离开，留下猫在房间里，然后再进去坐在圆圈里。因此可知，本段讲述了实验的过程。故选a。10推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的it proves that the relationship formed between a human and a cat is stable over time可知，研究人员说，这证明了人类和猫之间形成的关系随着时间的推移是稳定的。因此可知，猫对人类的依恋持续很长时间。故选c。11推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述研究表明大多数猫与它们的主人形成了深厚而密切的关系，因此推断这属于研究报告。故选b。 if humans ever settle on mars, they will need water. there is just one problemthere seems to be only huge sheets of ice. luckily, we know how to drill(钻孔） ice for water. such methods are already used in antarctica, and researchers now think they could get them to work on the red planet, too. the atmosphere of mars is too dry to make extracting water vapour from it possible. so ice seems the best bet. but the obvious ice sheets are in the unlivable polar ice caps and would be difficult to reach for drilling.however, in 2018, at the edge of the cliffs, nasas mars reconnaissance orbiter spotted relatively accessible water ice that is probably at least 130metres thick and covered in just a few metres of rock and dust. these may be the best place to get the water needed for future exploration of the planet.the drilling techniques needed have already been developed for cold areas on earth where we need to melt buried ice for water. in the early 1960s the us army used a type of subsurface reservoir(水库)called rod well, in army camps in greenland. the method works by drilling through the ground into the ice, melting the ice to create a pool, and then pumping water up. by supplying heat continuously, they create a reservoir and a steady water supply. it has been used in remote areas such as the amundsen-scott south pole station stephen hoffman at the aerospace corporation in texas and his colleagues simulated(模拟)how a rod well would do on mars. they found that with the power of 9 kilowatts (千瓦)to melt ice, it could in theory produce about 380 litres of water each day and maintain a reservoir of constant size at the bottom of a borehole(钻孔). that is close to the average daily water use each person in the us, but about 10 times what each astronaut on the international space station uses daily.12which of the following can replace the underlined word extracting in the first paragraph ?aobtainingbprotectingcpreventingdchoosing13why does the author mention the rod well in paragraph 3?ato explain how water ice is drilled on mars.bto tell about the history of water ice drilling techniques.cto prove the importance of water ice drilling techniquesdto show techniques for drilling water wells in martian ice exist.14on average, how much water does an astronaut on the international space station use daily?a10 litresb38 litresc160 litresd380 litres15what would be the best title for the text?apreparing to settle on the red planet one day.bfinding water on the red planet for survival.cusing some ways to create a livable environment on mars.ddrilling water wells in martian ice to survive on mars.【答案】12a13d14b15d【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们如果人类要在火星上生存可以通过人类现有的技术在火星巨大的冰层上钻冰取水。12词义猜测题。根据第一段the atmosphere of mars is too dry to make extracting water vapour from it possible（火星的大气层太干燥，无法从其中_水蒸气）可知，依据划线前提到了火星的大气层太干燥可推出从大气层“获取”水蒸气是不可能的。a. obtaining 获取；b. protecting 保护；c. preventing 阻止；d. choosing 选择。故选a项。13推理判断题。根据第三段the drilling techniques needed have already been developed for cold areas on earth where we need to melt buried ice for water. in the early 1960s the us army used a type of subsurface reservoir called rod well, in army camps in greenland（在地球上寒冷的地区，我们需要融化地下的冰以获得水，而所需的钻探技术已经开发出来。在20世纪60年代早期，美国军队在格陵兰的军营中使用了一种叫做rod well的地下水库）可知融化地下冰已获得水的技术已经开发出来了。文章第一段中提及人类是无法从火星的大气层中获得水的，只能从巨大的冰层中钻冰取水。第三段告知我们钻冰取水的技术已经有了，将来可用于火星开发中。故选d项。14细节理解题。根据文章最后一段they found that with the power of 9 kilowatts （千瓦）to melt ice, it could in theory produce about 380 liters of water each day and maintain a reservoir of constant size at the bottom of a borehole(钻孔）. that is close to the average daily water use each person in the us, but about 10 times what each astronaut on the international space station uses daily.他们发现，用9千瓦的能量融化冰，理论上每天可以产生380升的水，并在一个钻孔底部维持一个恒定大小的蓄水池。这接近于美国人均日用水量，但大约是国际空间站每位宇航员日用水量的10倍）可知，美国人均日用水量是380升的水，这个用水量是每位宇航员日用水量的10倍。因此可以算出宇航员日用水量38升左右。故选b 项。15主旨大意题。根据文章第一段if humans ever settle on mars, they will need water. there is just one problemthere seems to be only huge sheets of ice. luckily, we know how to drill ice for water. such methods are already used in antarctica, and researchers now think they could get them to work on the red planet, too.（如果人类在火星定居，他们将需要水。只有一个问题这里似乎只有巨大的冰层。幸运的是，我们知道如何钻冰取水。这种方法已经在南极洲使用，研究人员现在认为他们也可以在这颗红色星球上使用）可知，如果人类要在火星上生存可以通过人类现有的技术在火星巨大的冰层上钻冰取水。在文章第二段提到，在火星上找到了可被人类利用的冰。文章第三段提到了现有的“钻冰取水”的技术。综合分析，故选d项。阅读理解【2021届四川省天府名校高三5月教学质量联合测评】island lobster (龙虾) company openowners katie and thom werner opened island lobster company earlier this week. its located on peaks island in the space formerly occupied by peaks island house.the 64-seat establishment is a trap-to-table restaurant. the werners are serving lobsters that theyre trapped and hauled in with their own boat. you can see a copy of their menu on their website.coals pizza opens todaycoals pizza is scheduled to open today at 5 pm. coals is located at 114 preble street in the former portland & rochester space. this is coals only location outside of new york. they specialize in grilled pizza. you can see their full menu online.lukes lobsterthe seafood spot, which will soft open for dinner on wednesday, is a major milestone for the lobster company that first launched in manhattan in 2009. started by cape elizabeth native luke holden, lukes lobster debuted in new york citys east village, and went on to make its mark in 10 cities across the u.s. plus japan and china.under construction: twista new food truck called twist is under development twist is a collaboration between melissa lombardi, a former manager at woodford f&b and dan zarin, the longtime writer of the breakfast serial column. twist will be serving customized ice cream and shakes made to order.1what is special in island lobster company?ait serves freshly caught lobsters.bit is the only location outside of new york.cit is a milestone for the lobster company.dit serves customized ice cream and shakes2where should you go if you want to have pizza?apeaks island.b114 preble street.cportland & rochester space.dnew york citys east village.3which restaurant has opened a branch in china?aisland lobster company.bcoals pizza.clukes lobster.dtwist.【答案】1a2b3c【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几家特色饭店。1细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“the werners are serving lobsters that theyve trapped and hauled in with their own boat”（the werners 正在提供龙虾，他们用自己的船捕获和捕捞龙虾）由此可知，它提供新鲜的现抓龙虾。故选a。2细节理解题。根据第三段“coals pizza is scheduled to open today at 5 pm. coals is located at 114 preble street in the former portland & rochester space.”（coals pizza预定今天下午5点开始营业。 coals位于前波特兰和罗切斯特空间的普里波街114号）由此可知，如果你想吃披萨，你可以去普里波街114号。故选b。3细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“started by cape elizabeth native luke holden, lukes lobster debuted in new york citys east village, and went on to make its mark in 10 cities across the u.s.plus japan and china.”（卢克霍尔顿(luke holden)是土生土长的 luke holden人，他创办了卢克龙虾餐厅(lukes lobster)，并在纽约市首次亮相，随后在全美10个城市风靡开来-加上日本和中国。”）由此可知, lukes lobster在中国开了分店。故选c。 【2021届四川省天府名校高三5月教学质量联合测评】ive handled chopsticks skillfully for decades. while it used to amuse me, it mildly annoys me now that chinese react with astonishment to see a foreigner handle themas if someone from a country that put a man on the moon would somehow be incapable of handing two simple sticks. as you can see, chinas influence stretched far and wide long before opening-up in the late 1970s or todays belt and road initiative. so the idea that most foreigners cannot use chopsticks is, simply put, fiddlesticks.my first exposure to chopsticks came way back in the 1960s via the elementary piano tune known as chopsticks, which aroused my curiosity as to what the word meant. not long afterward, my parents introduced me to chinese food at king fong cafe in omaha, nebraska, which, i only learned recently, was among the landmarks of the heartland citys once-thriving chinatown in the early 1900s.in fact, i have undergone special kuaizi training (improving skills, for example, by constantly picking up peanuts when i lived with my chinese tai chi master) and experimentation (exploring the use of chopsticks to snap up popcorn and donuts; im working on ice cream).but theres one western food for which chopsticks are truly a godsend: salads. after moving to china in 2014, i bought a salad at a convenience store, and the clerk handed me kuaizi. i refused at first, but then thought, “all right” and gave it a try.amazingly useful! i could pick and choose each small piece much more carefully, without having to move awkwardly trying to spear (刺) the crispy carrot or cherry tomato and then move it mouth ward.another clear advantage of these simplest of tools is that they regulate the pace and volume of eating. its much harder to “pig out” by shoveling food with chopsticks than with a fork and spoon.however, in the spirit of globalization, lets not overlook the finer points of knife and fork. in fact, a handy thing about the fork is that everyone can basically use it with each hand. i dare to say that, for chinese and foreigners alike, switching hands while using chopsticks is not so readily done with confidence.4what makes the author feel unhappy about using chopsticks?athe comments on chopsticks from foreigners.bincapacity to handle two simple sticks.cthe idea that foreigners dont like chopsticks.dreaction of chinese on seeing him using chopsticks.5what does the underlined word “fiddlesticks” in paragraph 1 mean?anonsensebreasonablecacceptabledshameful6what is the advantage of chopsticks according to the passage?athey can let people wolf down food easily.bthey can spear the crispy carrot or cherry tomato.cthey can be amazingly useful to eat western food.dthey can help users control the pace and volume of eating.7what is the best title for the passage?ame and chopsticksbchinese kitchen culturecthe globalization of chopsticksdtwo sides of chopsticks【答案】4d5a6d7a【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位外国人使用筷子的心得和体会。4细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“. it mildly annoys me now that chinese react with astonishment to see a foreigner handle themas if .”中国人看到外国人可以熟练使用筷子时惊讶的表情让作者有稍许恼怒。因此，让作者不高兴的是中国人看到他使用筷子时的反应。故选d。5词义猜测题。根据第一段中while it used to amuse me, it mildly annoys me now that chinese react with astonishment to see a foreigner handle themas if someone from a country that put a man on the moon would somehow be incapable of handing two simple sticks. as you can see, chinas influence stretched far and wide long before opening-up in the late 1970s or todays belt and road initiative. (虽然这曾是我的消遣，但现在看到外国人摆弄筷子时中国人的反应让我有点恼火就好像一个把人送上月球的国家的人不知怎的连两根简单的筷子都不会拿。正如你所看到的，早在上世纪70年代末开放或今天的“一带一路”倡议之前，中国的影响就已经非常广泛)，这两个事实的对比说明认为外国人不会用筷子是一件“nonsense”的事。故选a。6细节理解题。根据第六段“another clear advantage of these simplest of tools is that they regulate the pace and volume of eating.”（这些最简单的工具的另一个明显优势是，它们可以调节进食的速度和数量。）由此可知，筷子能帮助使用者控制吃饭的速度和量。故选d。7主旨大意题。根据全文可知,文章讲述作者与筷子之间的故事，介绍了自己使用筷子的心得体会。故a项（me and chopsticks）我和筷子作为题目更为贴切。故选a。 i. m. pei, one of the best-known architects of the 20th century, has died. he was 102. born in china, ieoh ming pei moved to the united states in 1935 to study architecture at the massachusetts institute of technology and harvard university.peis works around the world include museums, government buildings, hotels, schools and other structures built with stone, steel and glass. one of his best-known and most disputed works was built 30 years ago. pei created a new entrance for the world-famous louvre museum in paris. pei first spent four months studying the museum and french history. he then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass id, with three smaller pyramids nearby. it was a very futuristic style of work for the 12th-century building.a french newspaper criticized peis pyramids as “an annex to disneyland”. an environmental group said they belonged in a desert. others accused pei of ruining one of the worlds greatest landmarks.pei said the louvre was the most difficult job of his career. he argued that he had wanted to create a modern space that would not take away from the traditional part of the museum. he said the glass pyramids were based on the works of french landscape architect le notre. they honored french history.the pyramids opened in the spring of 1989. over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics.other well-known pei buildings include the john f. kennedy library in dorchester, massachusetts, the national center for atmospheric research in boulder, colorado, the east wing of the national gallery of art in washington and the dallas city hall in texas. pei officially retired in 1990. however, he continued to work on projectsincluding museums in luxembourg, qatar and his ancestral home of suzhou.8what is true about the entrance created by pei for the louvre museum?apei spent four mouths drawing plans for it.bthere are four pyramids in total.cits in a style of the 12th century.dit took 30 years to complete the work.9what can we infer from peis words in paragraph 4?athe glass pyramids were originally designed by le notre.bthe glass pyramids were based on the french landscape.cthe glass pyramids were in harmony with the louvre.dthe glass pyramids reflected both french and chinese style.10what were most peoples attitudes towards peis pyramids years after its opening?aindifferent.bpuzzled.ccritical.dfavorable.11what do we know about pei according to the passage?ahe was hardworking, optimistic and easygoing.bhe spread chinese traditional architecture to the world.che created many great works both in china and other countries.dhe was the most outstanding architect of the 20th century.【答案】8b9c10d11c【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了贝聿铭在建筑领域上的成就。8细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“he then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass pyramid, with three smaller pyramids nearby.”然后，他绘制了一个21米高的钢和玻璃金字塔的计划，附近还有三个较小的金字塔。由此可知，卢浮宫入口一共有4个金字塔。故选b。9推理判断题。根据第四段中“he argued that he had wanted to create a modern space that would not take away from the traditional part of the museum. he said the glass pyramids were based on the works of french landscape architect le notre. they honored french history.”他争辩说，他想要创造一个不会脱离博物馆的传统部分的现代空间。他说，玻璃金字塔是基于法国景观设计师勒诺特尔的作品。他们向法国历史致敬。可知这个玻璃金字塔是与卢浮宫的传统风格相契合的。故选c。10细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics.”在接下来的几年里，该结构受到了大多数(如果不是全部的话)批评人士的喜爱。由此可知，这个建筑被大多数人喜爱。故选d。11推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“however, he continued to work on projectsincluding museums in luxembourg, qatar and his ancestral home of suzhou”然而，他继续从事项目工作包括卢森堡、卡塔尔和他的祖籍苏州的博物馆。由此可知，在中国和其他国家都有其创作的作品。故选c。 an increasing part of the world is becoming artificially lit. artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night. but some scientists argue that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal (夜间的) animals and even for human health.now research shows the night is getting even brighter. from 2012 to 2016 the earths artificially lit area expanded by about 2.2 percent a year, according to a study published last november in science advances. however, the measurement does not include light from most of the energyefficient led lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor (钠气灯) technology in cities all over the world ,says christopher kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the german research center for geosciences in potsdam.the new data came from a nasa satellite instrument called the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (virs). it can measure long wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps. but viirs cannot see the short-wavelength blue light produced by white leds. this light has been shown to disturb human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals behavior.the team believes the ongoing switch to leds caused already bright countries such as italy, the netherlands, spain and the u.s. to register as having stable levels of lighting in the viirs data. in contrast, most nations in south america, africa and asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting.in 2016, a study showed that one third of the worlds population currently lives under skies too bright to see the milky way at night. between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its gdp increased by 13 percent. overall, counties total light production correlated with their gdp.12which of the following can best describe artificial light?aconvenient but unnatural.buseful but energy-consuming.cprogressive but uncomfortable.dcivilized but harmful.13what can we know about the already bright countries?atraditional lighting is not used in those countries.bled lights are increasingly used in those countries.cefforts to reduce harmful light work in those countries.dpeople do enjoy stable lighting in those countries.14why does the author mention “the median nation” in the last paragraph?ato show artificial light has an association with gdp.bto demonstrate gdp plays an important part in the median nation.cto stress the median nation was to blame for the light problem.dto suggest artificial light should be banned in the future.15where is the passage most probably taken from?aa biology textbook.ba book review.ca science magazine.da science fiction.【答案】12d13b14a15c【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明人造光的影响。12推理判断题。根据第一段“artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night. but some scientists argue that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal (夜间的) animals and even for human health.”人造光常常被看作是进步的标志:文明的前进在黑暗中闪耀着光芒；它让夜晚重现。但是一些科学家认为自然明亮的夜晚不仅对天文学家也对夜间动物,甚至人类的健康造成伤害。由此可知，人造光虽文明但有害。故选d。13细节理解题。根据第三段“but viirs cannot see the short-wavelength blue light produced by white leds.”（但viirs无法看到白色led产生的短波蓝光。）及第四段“the team believes the ongoing switch to leds caused already bright countries such as italy, the netherlands, spain and the u. s. to register as having stable levels of lighting in the viirs data. ”（研究小组认为，持续使用led导致意大利、荷兰、西班牙和美国等亮度较高的国家在viirs的数据中显示出稳定的照明水平。）由此可知，这些地方的照明量稳定是因为这些地方正在使用led灯替代别的灯具，而led光是viirs测不出来的。故选b。14推理判断题。根据最后一段“between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its gdp increased by 13 percent. overall, countries total light production correlated with their gdp.”（从2012年到2016年，这个国家的长波长光的平均输出量增加了15%，gdp增长了13%。总体而言，各国的光生产总量与其gdp相关）由此可知，作者在最后一段提到“the median nation”的目的是为了展示人造光与gdp有关。故选a。15推理判断题。根据上下文的行文特点,如“. according to a study published last november in science advances.” “. says christopher kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the german research center for geosciences in potsdam. ”等综合各方观点的表述,可知本文是一篇来自科学杂志的报道。故选c。阅读理解【2021届广西桂林十八中高三第十次适应性月考】four inspiring moviesforrest gump（1992）forrest gump is a simple man with a low iq but good intentions. this movie follows the fictional story in which the simple man makes his way through some of the more turbulent（动荡的）times from the 1960s through 1980s. this film took home six oscars, inspired a “weird al” song, and proves that a big heart is the most important thing. its a wonderful life（1946）no movie list would be complete without a nod to the past. lets go with this christmas classic, about a man with serious financial troubles who intends to commit suicide（自杀）by jumping off a bridge. his guardian angel clarence odbody stops him and tells him what life would have been like for those close to him had he never been born. realizing how much he means to others, he rushes back home and all sorts of happy, inspirational, christmassy things happen. dead poets society（1990）john keating（robin williams）is a high school english literature teacher at a famous all-male boarding school who gets into trouble with the school administration after encouraging his students to challenge authority and think for themselves. it is certainly inspirational, if not also frustratingly sad. a beautiful mind（2001）this movie tells the story of john nash（russell crowe）, a professor at princeton, a us university, who revolutionized the field of game theory and fell into madness as a result of paranoid schizophrenia（精神分裂症）. with the love and support of his family as well as the help of medical professionals, he managed to overcome his mental illness and continued to make contributions to the field of mathematics.1what can we know about its a wonderful life?ait proves a big heart important.bit has a happy ending.cit tells a story of friendship.dit is famous for the leading role.2which film are robin williams fans more likely to watch?aforrest gump.bis a wonderful life.cdead poets society.da beautiful mind.3at the end of a beautiful mind，the professor_.abecame a famous expert in psychologybgot his familys support for studying game theorycgained lots of experience in treating schizophreniaddefeated the disease and went on to pursue maths【答案】1b2c3d【解析】这是一则电影广告。文章介绍了四部鼓舞人心的电影。1推理判断题。根据its a wonderful life（1946）中realizing how much he means to others, he rushes back home and all sorts of happy, inspirational, christmassy things happen. “意识到自己对别人有多重要，他急忙回家，各种各样的快乐，鼓舞人心，圣诞节般的事情发生了。”由此判断出，“its a wonderful life”有一个快乐的结尾。故选b。2推理判断题。根据dead poets society（1990）中john keating（robin williams）is a high school english literature teacher at a famous all-male boarding school who gets into trouble with the school administration after encouraging his students to challenge authority and think for themselves. it is certainly inspirational, if not also frustratingly sad. “约翰基廷(罗宾威廉姆斯饰)是一所著名寄宿男校的高中英语文学老师，他鼓励学生挑战权威、独立思考，却因此惹上了学校管理的麻烦。它肯定是鼓舞人心的，如果不是也令人沮丧的悲伤。”由此判断出，robin williams的粉丝更有可能观看电影dead poets society.故选c。3细节理解题。根据a beautiful mind（2001）中with the love and support of his family as well as the help of medical professionals, he managed to overcome his mental illness and continued to make contributions to the field of mathematics.“在家人的关爱和支持以及医学专业人士的帮助下，他成功地克服了精神疾病，并继续在数学领域做出贡献。”由此可知，在美丽心灵一书的结尾，教授战胜了疾病，继续追求数学。故选d。 a few years ago, my husband charlie and i had marital problems. growing family responsibilities and financial worries took a toll on us and we began arguing frequently, often late into the night.however, neither of us could take the step that would end our eleven-year marriage and bring heartbreak to our three young children. deep down we knew we still loved each other, so we determined to work it out. through countless discussions, we began to close the gulf. the more honest we were, the closer we became.when i felt we were reaching solid ground, i asked my husband to give me an “eternity (永恒) ring”. it was not so much the ring i wanted; it was the reassurance (保证) i thought it would bring.we went shopping on a beautiful summer day. we walked hand in hand along a row of jewelers shops. finally i found a ring i liked. while waiting for it to be adjusted, the jeweler took my left hand and glanced at my engagement ring. “may i clean it for you?” he asked. “it really doesnt sparkle like it used to.” charlie said as i slipped the ring off my finger. a few minutes later the jeweler was back. the ring shone like new!on the drive home, i didnt take my eyes off it. i forgot all about the eternity ring. i just couldnt believe how this old ring suddenly sparkled the way it had the day charlie gave it to me. i had taken it for granted these past years, but with a little polish it could still make my heart beat fast.and thats the way it is with a marriage. you have to work at keeping it polished and new, or else the grime (污垢) of the passing years will hide the joy. i put my hand on the seat between us and spread my fingers. charlie covered my hand with his. i felt i was lucky to be able to see the sparkle in something gold when i thought i needed something new.4why did the author and her husband decide to solve the problems?athey were a famous couple.bthey didnt want to divorce.cthe problems were not serious.dthey had experience in doing so.5what does the underlined part in paragraph 3 probably mean?afree of troublebarriving at a squarecwealthy and generousdin good relationship6why did the author forget all about the eternity ring on their way back home?aher husband kept it for her.bthey didnt actually pay for it.cthe old rings light attracted her attention.dthe couple were talking all the way merrily.7what does the author mainly want to express in the last paragraph?awe tend to prefer new objects to old ones.bone should remain thankful for what he has got.cmarriage should be constantly polished.dwe should try to rediscover the true value of old objects.【答案】4b5d6c7c【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和丈夫曾经有过婚烟问题，但双方均未想要离婚，而是努力解决双方之间的问题。当作者提出和丈夫一起去买永恒戒指的时候，由戒指除垢感悟到平凡的婚烟也应该像戒指一样经常除垢，让它重新生机勃勃。4推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“deep down we knew we still loved each other, so we determined to work it out.”，作者和丈夫仍然相互爱对方，都不想结束他们的婚烟，不想使孩子们伤心，所以他们决定要解决他们之间的问题。故b项正确。5词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“through countless discussions, we began to close the gulf. the more honest we were, the closer we became.”可知，作者和丈夫解决了他们之间的问题，关系越来越融治。再根据画线部分所在句子中的“i asked my husband to give me an “eternity (永恒) ring”可推知，作者感觉她和丈夫的关系已经很好了，他们已经和好如初了。故d项正确。6细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“on the drive home, i didnt take my eyes off it.”可知，作者在回家的路上眼睛一直盯着那枚结婚戒指，因为它经过擦拭后重新放出了光芒，犹如丈夫刚给她的那天一样。早已忘记他们是要去买“永恒戒指”。故c项正确。7推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“and thats the way it is with a marriage. you have to work at keeping it polished and new, or else the grime (污垢) of the passing years will hide the joy.”可知，作者认为对待婚姻也应该像对待那枚戒指一样，经常除垢，经常发现婚姻生活中的闪光点，使婚姻保持新鲜。故c项正确。 explorers started making navigation (导航) charts showing how wide the ocean was more than 500 years ago. but its much harder to calculate how deep it is.in 1872 the hms challenger, a british navy ship, set sail to learn about the ocean, including its depth. it carried 181 miles (291 kilometers) of rope to measure the depth of the ocean. during their four-year voyage, the challenger crew collected samples of rocks, mud and animals from many different areas of the ocean. they also found one of the deepest zones, in the western pacific, the mariana trench which stretches for 1,580 miles (2,540 kilometers).today scientists know that on average the ocean is 2.3 miles (3.7 kilometers) deep, but many parts are much shallower or deeper. to measure depth they use sonar, which stands for sound navigation and ranging. a ship sends out pulses of sound energy and measures depth based on how quickly the sound travels back.ocean scientists like me study the sea floor because it helps us better measure the ocean. our planets outer, layer is made of tectonic plates. the hawaiian-emperor seamount chain, a line of peaks on the ocean floor, was created when a tectonic plate moved over a spot where hot rock welled up from deep inside the earth. when two tectonic plates move away from each other underwater, new material rises up into earths layer. this process, which creates new ocean floor, is called seafloor spreading. sometimes super-hot liquids from inside the earth shoot up through cracks in the ocean floor called hydrothermal vents.amazing fish, shellfish, tube worms and other life forms live in these zones. between the creation and destruction of ocean plates, sediments (沉淀物) collect on the sea floor and provide an archive of earths history, the evolution of climate and life that is available nowhere else.8why did the hms challenger make the voyage?ato test navigation.bto calculate the age of the ocean.cto explore the ocean.dto do research into mariana trench.9how do scientists know the depth of the ocean?aby measuring it with ropes.bby studying samples of rocks and mud.cby analyzing the habitats of the animals.dby studying the returning speed of the sound.10what is the fourth paragraph mainly about?acertain changes of the sea floor.bthe layers that make up the earth.cthe way that a volcano comes into being.dsome definitions of the seafloor spreading.11what can be a suitable title for the text?ahow deep is the ocean?bhow is the ocean studied?cocean: an unknown worlddnature: a place for wildlife【答案】8c9d10a11a【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“探测海洋有多深” ，科学家们已经探测出海洋的宽度，但是对于海洋深度的探索仍然没有定论，而对于海底的研究，也能帮助人们更好地测量海洋。8细节理解题。根据第二段首句“in 1872 the hms challenger, a british navy ship, set sail to learn about the ocean, including its depth.”可知，英国皇家海军“挑战者号”启航出海的目的是探索海洋。故选c。9细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“a ship sends out pulses of sound energy and measures depth based on how quickly the sound travels back.”可知，船只发出声能脉冲，进而根据声音回传的频度来测定海洋的深度。故选d。10主旨大意题。“ocean scientists like me study the sea floor because it helps us better measure the ocean.”为第四段主题句。本段支撑细节围绕主题句展开。当海底（构造）板块移动时，地球内部热岩迸发而出，形成海底山峰，海底格局发生变化，不同地点的深浅度随之而变。研究海底状况利于更好地准确测量大海。故选a。11主旨大意题。文章首段提出问题，即计算海洋的深度是一件困难的事；第二段讲述英国皇家海军“挑战者号”为此进行的探索；第三段叙述科学家利用声能脉冲测量海洋的深度；第四、五段着重讲了海底发生的地壳变化及生态状况。全文围绕“探测海洋到底有多深”这一主题由浅入深展开。故选a。 in the united states，the baby boomer generation(婴儿潮一代) include those who were born in the time after world war ii. those babies have retired or are now reaching the retirement age. as these adults age, many of their adult children worry about how to take care of their aging parents. in the united states it is not common for several generations to live under one roof. once children grow up and get married, they move out, leaving their aging parents to care for themselves. when these aging parents can no longer take care of themselves because of age or illness, it is not uncommon for adult children in the us to place their elderly parents in a nursing home.a nursing home is a place that offers care for the elderly and ill. as the name suggests，nursing homes have professionals including nurses, doctors and social workers to help aging adults deal with the challenges of daily life. and their mental health could be guaranteed for elderly people to get relaxed, accompanied by those of the same age. most nursing homes also have social activities for the elderly to participate in and keep active. these activities range from games to dance classes, and movie nights. nursing homes are supposed to provide three nutritious meals for their residents.nursing homes are controversial, however. there have been cases across the country of staff in nursing homes treating the elderly residents badly and even robbing them. there are different states and federal agencies that are supposed to oversee(监管) nursing homes. some people feel that it should be the responsibility of family members, especially adult children, to care for their aging or sick parents. however, many adult children have their own children and families to take care of, and do not have the means to care for their elderly parents; others worry about medical skills needed if their elderly parents are seriously ill. and these problems of caring for parents are bothering more and more adults in the us at present.12the first paragraph mainly about_.awhen the baby boomer generation in the us were bornbwhether the elderly and their children should live togethercwhy americans put their elderly parents in nursing homesdhow americans look after their aging parents differently13how many advantages of nursing homes are mentioned?athree.bfour.cfive.dsix.14whats the writers attitude toward sending parents to nursing homes?aindifferent.bunderstandable.cfavorable.ddisapproving.15whats the purpose of the text?ato discuss how to care for aging parents.bto ask the government to oversee nursing homes.cto prove nursing homes do more harm than good.dto show problems faced by american adult children.【答案】12c13b14b15d【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国年轻人所面临的的父母养老问题。12主旨大意题。由第一段“those babies have retired or are now reaching the retirement age. as these adults age, many of their adult children worry about how to take care of their aging parents. in the united states it is not common for several generations to live under one roof. once children grow up and get married, they move out, leaving their aging parents to care for themselves. when these aging parents can no longer take care of themselves because of age or illness, it is not uncommon for adult children in the us to place their elderly parents in a nursing home.”可知，婴儿潮一代的人已到了退休的年龄。他们的子女面临着如何照顾好父母的困境。在美国，孩子们长大结婚以后就会搬出去住。上了年纪的父母要自己照顾自己。当父母不能自理的时候，美国的子女很多会把父母送到养老院。所以本段在介绍美国年轻人面临的养老现状进而解释为什么很多人将父母送到养老院照顾。故选c项。13细节理解题。由第二段“as the name suggests，nursing homes have professionals including nurses, doctors and social workers to help aging adults deal with the challenges of daily life. and their mental health could be guaranteed for elderly people to get relaxed, accompanied by those of the same age. most nursing homes also have social activities for the elderly to participate in and keep active. these activities range from games to dance classes, and movie nights. nursing homes are supposed to provide three nutritious meals for their residents.”可知，养老院有四大优点。首先，那里有专业的医疗人员和社工来看护老人。其次，有同龄人的陪伴，老人在养老院会心情放松，身心愉悦。再次，老人在养老院可以参加各种社团活动，锻炼身心。最后，养老院会提供可口营养的食物给老人。所以提到了养老院的四大优点。故选b项。14推理判断题。由第三段“however, many adult children have their own children and families to take care of, and do not have the means to care for their elderly parents; others worry about medical skills needed if their elderly parents are seriously ill. and these problems of caring for parents are bothering more and more adults in the us at present.”可知，将老人送到养老院实属无奈之举。作者提到了很多美国年轻人面临的困境。很多家庭上有老下有小，年轻人没有足够的财力来照顾老人。还有的人在担心老人病了之后自己在家不能给予很好的护理。由此可以判断作者认为将老人送到养老院实属无奈之举，可以理解。故选b项。15推理判断题。由全文以及最后一段“and these problems of caring for parents are bothering more and more adults in the us at present.”而这些照顾父母的问题正困扰着越来越多的美国成年人。由此判断出，整篇文章的目的在说明美国年轻人面临的问题。故选d项。阅读理解【2021届“皖江名校”高三决战高考最后一卷】theres so much to discover at the new bell museumaudubon animatedjanuary 25-may 31this fantastic exhibit brings to life artist john james audubons birds of america. enter “the audubon experience” video room and find yourself surrounded by a virtual swamp and forest where audubons painted birds are brought to life through motion and sound. view rare selections from the bells birds of america elephant folio. flex (活动） your creative and observational muscles in a “draw like audubon” hands-on sketching activity.star partiesmonthly: january 31, february 28, march 13, april 3, may 1have you looked at the rings of saturn? the moons of jupiter? explore the sky with the bell! free, informal telescope observing nights are informational and fun for the whole family. bell staff will guide you through observations of the same celestial (天空的） objects that have inspired sky-gazers throughout history!space festfebruary 1 and 2join us for our annual festival of the cosmos! well be celebrating the many women in space science and their contributions to the field. there will be special guest speakers, science demonstrations, special planetarium (天象馆） shows, and hands-on astronomy activities all weekend long.bell summer campsadventures for the promising scientist in your lifecamps go on sale to bell members on saturday, february 8, for an exclusive weeks pre-sale and discounts of $ 30/ camp on full-week registration.bell camps offer kids in kindergarten-8th grade a fun and enriching environment that encourages them to explore their scientific passions as well as new subjects. our camps include hands-on activities, planetarium visits, games, creative activities, field trips to see researchers and labs around the universitys twin cities campus, and much more!1which of the following can you do at audubon animated?adrawing birds.btaking field trips.cobserving the night sky.dwatching a science demonstration.2what event would you go to if you want to celebrate women in space science?aaudubon animated.bstar parties.cspace fest.dbell summer camps.3when should you buy tickets for bell summer camps to save money?aon january 25.bon february 1.con february 8.don march 13.【答案】1a2c3c【解析】本文是一篇广告布告短文阅读。文章介绍了新的贝尔博物馆可以去发现和参加的活动。1细节理解题。根据文章audubon animated部分“enter “the audubon experience” video room and find yourself surrounded by a virtual swamp and forest where audubons painted birds are brought to life through motion and sound.”和“flex （活动）your creative and observational muscles in a “draw likeaudubon” hands-on sketching activity.”可知，在audubon animated活动中可以画鸟。故选a。2细节理解题。根据文章space fest 部分“well be celebrating the many women in space science and their contributionstothe field.(我们将庆祝许多从事太空科学的女性及其对该领域的贡献。)”可知，如果你想庆祝女性在太空科学方面的成就，就参加space fest活动。故选c。3细节理解题。根据文章bell summer camps 部分“camps go on saletobell members on saturday, february 8, for an exclusive weeks pre-sale and discounts of $30/camp on full-week registration.”可知，2月8日这一天有30美元的折扣优惠，所以可以省钱。故选c。 he really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen sticking out of his tote bag.the portly man sat on the terrace, sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a glossy cruise brochure. his sunglasses masked his eyes, but i knew he wasnt looking at the brochure: he hadnt turned a page for the last ten minutes.as i brought him his clam chowder (蛤肉菜汤）, he coughed up a “thank you” and looked at me briefly. i tried not to stare at the tiny scar across his left eyebrow.i walked back inside with my empty tray, shaking my head. he looked familiar, but i couldnt quite place him.then it hit me. the car accident. the mysterious (神秘的） stranger who helped me out of my smashed car, just before it exploded. i rushed back to his table. he was gone.i moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: i am deeply indebted to you. the night of your car accident, i was on my way to rob a jewelry store. saving your life brought things back in perspective (观点） . i now live an honest life, thanks to you. god bless you! mr. di trembled. the night of my car accident, i was heading for an interview in a shady dance club. seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life.i unfolded the tip he left. among the singles was a grand with a pen mark underlining “in god we trust.” i said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling.4why did the man come to this restaurant?ato get travel tips from the brochures.bto have delicious clam chowder.cto spy on the waitress.dto say thanks.5what can best describe the man?abrave.bhonest.cgenerous.dtransformed.6what does the waitress probably want the man to know the most?ahe is grateful to her.bhe changed her perspective on life.cshe could have died in a car accident.dshe remembers who he is.7what is the best title for the text?aa happy accidentbtwo sorrowful peopleca mysterious strangerdnever too late to say “thank you”【答案】4d5d6b7c【解析】这是一篇记叙文。一个要去抢劫的陌生人在车祸中救了作者的命，改变了双方的生活，让作者看到了人性的善良，重拾生活的信心。4推理判断题。第五段i moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: i am deeply indebted to you. the night of your car accident, i was on my way to rob a jewelry store. saving your life brought things back in perspective (观点） . i now live an honest life, thanks to you. god bless you! mr. d.“我移动了他的茶托，找到了他的小费和一张卡片:“我非常感谢你。”你车祸的那晚，我在去抢劫珠宝店的路上。拯救你的生命让事情回到正确的角度。多亏了你，我现在过着诚实的生活。上帝保佑你!d先生。”由此可知，男士来这家餐厅是为了说“感谢”。故选d。5推理判断题。根据倒数第三段i moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: i am deeply indebted to you. the night of your car accident, i was on my way to rob a jewelry store. saving your life brought things back in perspective (观点） . i now live an honest life, thanks to you. god bless you! mr. d. “我移动了他的茶托，找到了他的小费和一张卡片:“我非常感谢你。”你车祸的那晚，我在去抢劫珠宝店的路上。拯救你的生命让事情回到正确的角度。多亏了你，我现在过着诚实的生活。上帝保佑你!d先生。”由此可知，对这个男士的最好描述是“摇身一变”。故选d。6推理判断题。根据倒数第二段i trembled. the night of my car accident, i was heading for an interview in a shady dance club. seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life.“我颤抖。我出车祸的那个晚上，我正要去一家阴暗的舞蹈俱乐部面试。通过他英勇的举动看到了人类的善良，这让我的生活彻底改观，也让我的生活重新充满了信心。”由此可知，女服务员最希望男士知道“他改变了她对生活的看法。”故选b。7标题判断题。根据文章第一、二段he really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen sticking out of his tote bag.“他看起来真的像个游客，脖子上挂着照相机，大手提袋里露出一瓶防晒霜。”和the portly man sat on the terrace, sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a glossy cruise brochure. his sunglasses masked his eyes, but i knew he wasnt looking at the brochure: he hadnt turned a page for the last ten minutes.“胖男人坐在露台上，喝着柠檬水，假装在看一本光滑的邮轮手册。他的太阳镜遮住了他的眼睛，但我知道他没有在看小册子:他在过去的十分钟里没有翻过一页。”以及第三段中the mysterious (神秘的） stranger who helped me out of my smashed car, just before it exploded. i rushed back to his table. he was gone.“那个神秘的陌生人，在我撞坏的汽车爆炸前帮我下了车。我冲回他的桌子。他走了。”由此推知，c项“一个神秘的陌生人”为最佳标题。故选c。 you feel especially smart and funny when talking to a particular person, only to feel hopelessly unintelligent and tongue-tied in the presence of another.experiments show when people report feeling comfortable with a conversational partner, they are judged by those partners and by observers as actually being more witty (机智的）。its just one example of the powerful influence that social factors can have on intelligence. as parents, teachers and students settle into the school year, this work should encourage us to think about intelligence not as a “lump of something thats in our heads,” as the psychologist joshua aronson puts it, but as “a transaction among people.”mr. aronson, an associate professor at new york university, has been a leader in investigating the effects of social forces on academic achievement. along with the psychologist claude steele, he identified the phenomenon known as “stereotype (刻板印象） threat.” members of groups believed not to be academically good score much lower on tests when reminded in advance of their race or gender.the pairs experiments in the 1990s concluded that the performance of these students suffered because they were worried about confirming negative stereotypes about their group.minorities arent the only ones easily hurt by stereotype threat. we all are. a group of people especially confident about their mathematical abilities did worse on a math test when told that the experiment was intended to investigate “why asians appear to perform better than other students on tests of math ability.”and in a study published earlier this year in the journal learning and individual differences, high school students did worse on a test of spatial (空间的） skills when told that males are better at solving spatial problems because of genetic differences between males and females. the girls were anxious about confirming assumptions about their gender, while the boys were anxious about living up to them.the evolving literature on stereotype threat shows that performance is always social in nature. even alone in an exam room, we hear a chorus of voices assessing, evaluating, passing judgment. and as social creatures, humans are strongly affected by what these voices say.8what does the underlined word “transaction” in paragraph 3 refer to?aspatial reasoning skills.bthe ability to remember information.cinteraction between us and the environment.dpassing on knowledge from teachers to students.9after being told males typically perform better than females in math, males are most likely to perform .abetter than femalesbthe same as femalescworse than usualdworse than females10which of the following “voices” in our head may influence performance on an exam?a“i am as prepared as i can be.”b“i am supposed to do well on this.”c“the testing room is different from my classroom.”d“i am solving the problems faster than the one sitting in front of me.”11how do stereotypes threaten our academic achievement?amaking us unintelligent.breminding us of our weaknesses.climiting our spatial reasoning skills.draising our anxiety level.【答案】8c9c10b11d【解析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了刻板印象对人们的影响。8猜测词义题。根据第一、二自然段的意思，以及第三自然段中this work should encourage us to think about intelligence not as a“lump of something thats in our heads, as the psychologist joshua aronson puts it, but as“a transaction among people.”( 这项工作应该促使我们去把智力不是作为“我们头颅里面一团什么东西”来思考， 而是作为“人们之间”.来思考。)一句，可以猜测出“transaction”的意思应该是“人与所处环境之间的相互作用相互影响”。故选c。9细节理解题。根据第7段high school students did worse on a test of spatial (空间的） skills when told that males are better at solving spatial problems because of genetic differences between males and females.（因为男性和女性之间的基因差异，当高中生被告知男性更擅长解决空间问题时，他们在空间技能测试中的表现更差，）可以知道，在男生被告知在数学上通常比女生表现更好之后，男性很可能表现得比平时差，故选c。10推理判断题。文章讲的是stereotype threat 对人的影响，这种影响主要体现在stereotype事先对人设定了assumption，这种事先设定的assumption会使人产生压力和焦虑，这个“voice”会增加自我压力和焦虑，影响应试者考试表现。因此选项b. i am supposed to do well on this.（这场考试我应该考好）与文章所讲内容吻合。故选b。11推理判断题。根据第5、6、7三个自然段中所讲的实验结论，以及文中如下句子: the performance of these students suffered because they were worried about confirming negative stereotypes about their group（这些学生的表现受到影响，因为他们担心会证实对自己所在群体的负面刻板印象）; the girls were anxious about confirming assumptions about their gender, while the boys were anxious about living up to them （女孩们担心确认对自己性别的假设，而男孩们则担心是否能达到这些假设）; and as social creatures, humans are strongly affected by what these voices say（作为社会生物，人类强烈地受到这些声音的影响）可以推断出，刻板印象通过提高焦虑水平来影响我们的学习成绩。故选d。 the stomach is an extremely strong organ, full of acid to break down each meal. in order to prevent this acid from burning a hole in our stomachs and damaging other organs, our stomach lining is specially adapted to contain the acid safely.h. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. these bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of australians have h. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms.the bacteria can eventually create infection in stomach lining, a condition known as gastritis (胃炎）, by wearing away the lining and allowing stomach acid to burn away stomach tissue, causing painful ulcers (溃疡）。up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. the cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own.this belief was first questioned in 1979 by robin warren, an australian pathologist, who found bacteria on a microscope slide containing the stomach lining of a patient with gastritis. in the years that followed warren continued his research.warren then teamed up with barry marshall in 1981 and the two continued with the research, trying to separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. over the next three years, they tested their theories with some positive results, however the idea that bacteria could be the cause of gastritis was not widely accepted or even acknowledged.finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, barry marshall decided to test on himself. he infected himself with h. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers. marshall then began to cure himself by taking a dose of antibiotics (抗生素）. this once and for all proved not only that bacteria could grow in stomach acid, but it could also cause gastritis and stomach ulcers.eventually, the world fully acknowledged warren and marshalls huge contribution to science and medicine and the two were awarded the nobel prize in medicine in 2005. twenty-six years after robin warren first began his research.12why did the academics initially refuse to accept that h. pylori caused gastritis? alifestyle choices caused stomach ulcers.bstomach acid could break through the lining on its own.cthey thought that bacteria couldnt survive in the stomach.dthe australian pathologist robin warren provided no evidence.13how did barry marshall prove that h. pylori caused gastritis? achoosing unhealthy lifestyles.bintroducing h. pylori to his own stomach.cfinding the bacteria on stomach lining.dgrowing h. pylori in the lab.14what can we infer from the text?ascientific progress takes time.bscience guides medical practices.cwarren is not a productive scientist.donly marshall deserves the prize.15the text is most likely written to .achemistsbpatientscresearchersdthe general public【答案】12c13b14a15d【解析】12细节理解题。根据第四段的up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid.(直到20世纪80年代，人们一直认为细菌在胃酸中无法生存。)可知，学者们最初拒绝接受幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎是因为他们认为细菌在胃酸里无法生存。故选c。13细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, barry marshall decided to test on himself.he infected himself with h. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers.和下文内容可知，受够了被忽视和对他的发现充满信心，巴里马歇尔决定亲自进行测试，他感染了幽门螺杆菌，很快就发展成胃炎和可怕的胃溃疡。因此可知，巴里马歇尔让幽门螺杆菌进入了自己的胃，最后患了胃炎和胃溃疡，来证明幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎。故选b。14推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，最终，世界完全承认沃伦和马歇尔对科学和医学的巨大贡献，两人于2005年被授予诺贝尔医学奖。罗宾首次开始他的研究后26年。因此推断科学发展需要时间。故选a。15推理判断题。文章介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论,是一篇科普文章。科普文章的受众是 the general public(普通大众)，故选d。阅读理解【2021届四川省成都市第七中学高三高考热身考试】 summer program guide for teens pre-college immersive programwellesley college is known for the thousands of accomplished women it has sent out into the worldwomen who are committed to making a difference. especially designed for high school girls, the program is based on wellesleys campus. students will take courses and become members of the wellesley community.when: july 7 - august 1more information: 781-283-2748 young scholars programopen to high school students who have an academic average of 3.2 or better, the program is a great introduction to the university of maryland. seminars featuring speakers in innovative（革新的） career or academic fields further enrich the learning experience. students enjoy movie nights, activities at the students union and more.when: july 8 - july 27more information: 301-405-7762 zeal adventure and travelwe offer two-week and three-week long trips to hawaii, alaska, australia, costa rica, and spain. all trips include 15 to 25 hours of community service activities. depending on your trip of choice, youll be volunteering with sea turtles, caring for dogs in spain, and much more. every trip also includes exciting outdoor activities like surfing, ice climbing and hiking.more information: 844-282-9325 california college tourstudents will visit top schools throughout the state on this fun-filled tour. the tour includes enjoying tourist attractions along the way, including disneyland! along the way, students take college tours, meet with admissions staff, and learn how to make the most out of future college visits.more information: 510-548-66121what can you do if you attend the young scholars program?atake part in various outdoor activities.blearn the history of wellesley college.cwatch films together with other students.denjoy some tourist attractions along the way.2which number can provide access to volunteering chances?a301-405-7762.b510-548-6612.c781-283-2748.d844-282-9325.3which program may help students make a choice during the college application?acalifornia college tour.byoung scholars program.czeal adventure and travel.dpre-college immersive program.【答案】1c2d3a【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了专为青少年开设的四个暑期项目。这些项目对中学生尤其是高中生具有指导意义。1细节理解题。根据 young scholars program 部分最后一句“students enjoy movie nights, activities at the students union and more.”可知，参加该活动时，你可以和其他学生一同看电影。故选c。2细节理解题。根据 zeal adventure and travel 部分第二句“all trips include 15 to 25 hours of community service activities.”和该部分第三句中的“.youll be volunteering with sea turtles.”可知，该活动提供做志愿工作的机会。根据该部分末尾的“more information: 844-282-9325”可得知联系电话。故选d。3推理判断题。根据 california college tour 部分最后一句“along the way, students take college tours, meet with admissions staff, and learn how to make the most out of future college visits.”可知，学生在该活动中将参观多所大学，与招生工作人员见面，并学会如何充分利用以后参观大学的机会。这些活动有助于学生了解不同的大学以及招生流程等，对学 生在将来选择、填报大学志愿会有所帮助。故选a。 papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. so, the world became his school. with great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. theres so much to learn, hed say. though were born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” he was determined that none of his children would be denied an education.thus, papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny papa a request. and dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. we would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point. then came the momentthe time to share the days new learning. papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen. felice, hed say, tell me what you learned today.” i learned that the population of nepal is ” silence.papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation of the world would depend upon it. “the population of nepal. hmm. well . . . . ” hed say. “get the map; lets see where nepal is.” and the whole family went on a search for nepal.this same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.as children, we thought very little about these educational wonders. our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one anothers education. and by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming our value, giving us a sense of dignity, papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.later during my training as a future teacher, i studied with some of the most famous educators. they were imparting what papa had known all alongthe value of continual learning. his technique has served me well all my life. not a single day has been wasted, though i can never tell when knowing the population of nepal might prove useful.4what do we know from the first paragraph?athe authors father was born in a workers family.bthose born stupid could not change their life.cthe town elders wanted to learn about the world.dthe poor could hardly afford school education.5the underlined word it in the second paragraph refers to .aone new thingba requestcthe newsdsome comment6it can be learned from the passage that the author .aenjoyed talking about newsbknew very well about nepalcfelt regret about those wasted daysdappreciated his fathers educational technique7the authors father can be best described as .aan educator expert at training future teachersba parent insistent on his childrens educationca participant willing to share his knowledgeda teacher strict about everything his students did【答案】4d5c6d7b【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父亲虽然出身穷苦人家很早就辍学了，但重视学习和教育，要求家人们每天在晚饭时分享今日所学的知识，这一习惯对作者影响深远。4细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then.”可知，作者的父亲早早辍学就是因为家中贫穷，那时的教育只有富人才能享受得起。故选d项。5词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“we would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly.”可知，每天作者一家人会谈论今日见闻，不论有多么不值一提，都会被认真对待，显然这里的it指代的就是the news of the day。故选c项。6推理判断题。根据最后一段中“they were imparting what papa had known all alongthe value of continual learning. his technique has served me well all my life.”可知，作者父亲传递的坚持学习的思想，让作者在自己的教室生涯乃至一生中都受益匪浅，可见作者对父亲的教育理念是心存感激的。故选d项。7推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“he was determined that none of his children would be denied an education.”和第二段第一句“thus, papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.”可知，作者的父亲决心让自己的孩子接受教育，并且坚持终身学习的理念，b选项“一个坚持让子女接受教育的父亲”符合文意。故选b项。 whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said cynthia breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company jibo.while household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. for example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. this allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.the jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. you can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. the robot doesn t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. it can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.social robots are not just finding their way into the home. they have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.fellow robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. the company s “ oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product s location in the store. it can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.the more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. but oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “ we have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said breazeal.8how are social robots different from household robots?athey can control their emotions.bthey are more like humans.cthey do the normal housework.dthey respond to users more slowly.9what can a jibo robot do according to paragraph 3?acommunicate with you and perform operations.banswer your questions and make requests.ctake your family pictures and deliver milk.dobey your orders and remind you to take pills.10we can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will _.atrain employeesbbe our workmatescimprove technologiesdtake the place of workers11what does the passage mainly present?aa new design idea of household robots.bmarketing strategies for social robots.cinformation on household robots.dan introduction to social robots.【答案】8b9d10b11d【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。8细节理解题。根据文中第二段while household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. for example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. this allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.可知，社会机器人更像人，比如这些机器人被设计能够分辨人的心情是高兴还是悲伤。故选b。9细节理解题。根据第三段you can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.和it can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.可知，此机器人可以听您的指令，提醒家庭成员吃药或拍照。故选d。10推理判断题。根据最后一段breazeal的话“we have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us”可以推断出，社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。选b。11主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。选d。a new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients（营养物质）in food cropsresearchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice， in the experiment， scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in china and japanthey set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the centuryrice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had，on average，13 t0 30 percent lower levels of four b vitamins and 10 percent less protein（蛋白质）the crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions however， vitamin e levels increased by about 13 percent on averagethe researchers said the effects of planet-warming gases would be most sevcre for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countriesthese people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex dietsthat includes abour 600 million people in indonesia， cambodia，myanmar，bangladesh，laos and other nations，mainly in southeast asiaother studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food productionbut scientists are finding that rising levcls of carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gases threaten food qualityearlier studies showed that wheat，rice，field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had iower levels of protein and mincraisscientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050the new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate changethat is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels12growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may_aincrease iron in the ricebmake it less nutritiousccause losses of vitamin edmake it more delicious13how can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change？aby importing rice from china and japanbby taking other kinds of food instead of ricecby avoiding eating rice from southeast asiadby growing rice suitable for the environment14whats the authors purpose of writing the text？ato infom readers what nurrients food crops containbto call on people to care for the planet they live oncto share the results of some studies on peoples dietsdto tell readers where food crops are mainly produced15in which part of a magazine can you read the text？aadvertisements barts and culturecscience report dbusiness news【答案】12b13d14b15c【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章是为了号召人们关心他们所居住的星球。12细节理解题。根据第二段中的rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had，on average，13 t0 30 percent lower levels of four b vitamins and 10 percent less protein（蛋白质）the crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions可知，在高二氧化碳环境下种植水稻可能会使其缺乏营养。故选b。13细节理解题。根据最后一段the new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate changethat is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels可知，通过种植适合环境的水稻人们才能减少气候变化带来的营养危害。故选d。14主旨大意题。根据第一段a new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients（营养物质）in food crops可知，作者的目的是为了号召人们关心他们所居住的星球。故选b。15推理判断题。纵观全文，特别是根据第一段a new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients（营养物质）in food crops和最后一段the new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate changethat is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels可知这篇文章应该来自一份杂志的科学报告，故选c。阅读理解【2021届河北省衡水中学普通高等学校招生临考模拟（二)】 whether they are already household names or a hidden figure deserving of more recognition, the following ladies changed the world with their enormous contributions.ali strokerali stroker took the theater world and, indeed, the very internet by storm when, on june 9, 2019, she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a tony award. after becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in broadway history in 2015, she won the award for her powerhouse performance in the revival of oklahoma .junko tabeitwenty-two years after the first-ever successful mission to the top of mount everest, japanese mountaineer junko tabei became the first woman to reach the peak. she led a team of 15 women, accompanied by six sherpas (夏尔巴人), and reached the summit with one of the sherpas on may 16, 1975.gertrude ederlethe queen of waves, who also happened to be deaf, was the first woman to swim across the english channel. fighting through cold temperatures and strong tides that change direction every six hours for 22 miles, she clocked a time of 14 hours and 34 minutes. virginia apgargenerations of parents owe this american doctor a huge thank you, as she developed the apgar score, the first standardized system of tests to assess if newborn babies were healthy once they made their way from womb to world. apgar, who was a gifted cellist and violinist in her spare time, also happens to hold the title of the first woman to be hired as a full professor at the medical school at columbia university.1whose story may inspire the disabled?astroker and tabei.bstroker and ederle.cederle and apgar.dederle and tabei.2why should apgar be appreciated by parents?ashe took home a big award.bshe saved many babies lives.cshe developed the apgar score.dshe became the first full professor.3who won the title of the queen of waves?aali stroker.bjunko tabei.cvirginia apgar.dgertrude ederle.【答案】1b2c3d【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了四位在世界上做出突出贡献，影响力巨大的女性。1推理判断题。根据文章ali stroker部分 she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a tony award.和gertrude ederle部分的who also happened to be deaf可知，stroker是坐在轮椅上的成功演员，ederle是横跨英吉利海峡的失聪的海浪女王。因此，她们的成功事例最能激励那些残疾人士。故选b。2细节理解题。根据最后一段generations of parents owe this american doctor a huge thank you, as she developed the apgar score可知，apgar对父母们做出的贡献是她研发出了评估新生婴儿健康的标准体系apgar score。故选c。3细节理解题。根据文章gertrude ederle部分的首句the queen of waves, who also happened to be deaf, was the first woman to swim across the english channel.可知，gertrude ederle被誉为queen of waves，是第一位游过英吉利海峡的女性。故选d。 my students were taking midterms when my phone erupted with urgent messages. “a student is having a panic attack,” texted a teaching assistant. i ran out of my office, down a flight of stairs and found the student a pupil in my 350-person organic chemistry class lying motionless on the ground outside the exam hall. “did my exam really trigger a panic attack?” i asked myself. “why am i not prepared to deal with a situation like this?”it was my first time teaching the course. but i knew that the subject was challenging for my students. this was a source of stress for premedical students in particular, who feared that a low grade in organic chemistry would keep them from getting into medical school.the following day, i was scheduled to lecture to the same class. i knew that i had to address what had happened during the midterm. so, i started by saying: “i want to take some time today to talk about something important. how many of you think that this is a weed-out course?” half of my students raised their hands carefully. “im sorry to hear that,” i continued. “i want you all to know that i do not consider any of you to be weeds; you all deserve to be here.”i flashed a slide of flowers in various shapes. i smiled at my students and said: “i think of you as flowers different flowers with different needs. you may not bloom at the same time, but you will bloom! you may not do well in the midterm exam, but you will learn from your mistakes and do better in the final exam. i believe this. i believe in you.”from that point on, my office hours were packed. some asked about lecture topics and study strategies; others opened up about personal issues. i was amazed that a simple, frank discussion in lecture could make such a difference.4what made the pupil have a panic attack?ahiding personal issues.bthe stress for high grades.clacking study strategies.dfailing to handle the situation.5what does the underlined word “trigger” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?acure.bprevent.cfrighten.dcause.6why did the author go to the same class the next day?ato give the lesson according to the arrangement.bto apologize and explain to the panicked student.cto give a speech on what happened in the test.dto persuade all the students to stay in the class.7which paragraph mainly shows the authors encouragement to students?aparagraph 2.bparagraph 3.cparagraph 4.dparagraph 5.【答案】4b5d6a7c【解析】本文是记叙文。作者的一个班级在参加期中考试时，一位学生因为考试压力恐慌症发作。作者因此对自己的课程进行了分析，改变了教学方式，给予学生更多鼓励，学生们更自信，和老师能敞开心扉进行交流。4推理判断题。根据第二段中的but i knew that the subject was challenging for my students. this was a source of stress for premedical students in particular, who feared that a low grade in organic chemistry would keep them from getting into medical school.可知，但我知道这门课对我的学生来说很有挑战性。这对医科预科学生来说尤其是个压力的来源，他们担心有机化学的低分会让他们进不了医学院。由此推知，高分的压力使那名学生恐慌症发作。故选b。5词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，一个学生在作者考试的时候，恐慌症发作，因此推断作者此处在自问：我这科目的考试会导致学生产生惊恐症吗？由此推知，划线词trigger表示“引起，促使”。故选d。6细节理解题。根据第三段中的the following day, i was scheduled to lecture to the same class.可知，第二天，我被安排去上同一门课。由此可知，根据课程安排作者第二天又来到这个班上课。故选a。7推理判断题。根据第四段中的i think of you as flowers different flowers with different needs. you may not bloom at the same time, but you will bloom! you may not do well in the midterm exam, but you will learn from your mistakes and do better in the final exam. i believe this. i believe in you.可知，我把你们当成花朵，不同的花朵，有不同的需要。你们可能不能同时开花，但你们会开花的！你们可能在期中考试中做得不好，但你们会从错误中吸取教训，在期末考试中做得更好。我相信这一点。我相信你们。由此可知，第四段是作者对学生的鼓励。故选c。 the cognitive health and development of boys may be affected by their mothers body mass index ( bmi) (体重 指数) while pregnant with them, according to research from columbia university and the university of texas at austin.the study, which was published in the journal bmc pediatrics on friday, observed 368 subjects from low-income african american and dominican women during the second half of their pregnancies, and then evaluated their children three and seven years later. researchers found that the sons of women whose bmis indicated that they were overweight or obese when they became pregnant were more likely to show less developed athletic skills as 3-year-olds and lower intelligence as 7-year-olds compared to boys whose mothers were at “normal” weights during pregnancy.among boys, the study found, mothers overweight and obesity connected with iq scores between 4.6 and almost 9 points lower than those of boys whose mothers weights were in the “normal” range before pregnancy. researchers did not observe the same phenomenon among daughters whose mothers had been obese.“these findings arent meant to shame or scare anyone,” elizabeth widen, assistant professor of nutritional sciences at ut austin and one of the studys co-authors, said in a press release. “we are just beginning to understand some of these interactions between mothers weight and the health of their babies.”why mothers obesity appeared to affect childhood iq was unclear, but earlier research has suggested that there is a relationship between a mothers diet and her childs later iq, according to columbia university. researchers did not control for what the mothers ate, the press release noted.the studys authors wrote that because childhood iq has been shown to be an indicator of later success in life, studying how a mothers obesity could affect the iq of her child is worthwhile.8how did researchers carry out the study?aby measuring mothers body mass index.bby watching mothers and babies for years.cby comparing 3-year-old babies with 7-year-olds.dby evaluating the health of mothers and their babies.9whats the main purpose of the study?ato show links between mothers weight and babies iq.bto make those overweight mothers shameful and scared.cto warn some fat mothers to keep a balanced diet.dto persuade more obese mothers to lose weight.10what do the researchers think of the study?adoubtful.bworrying.csignificant.dinteresting.11in which section of a newspaper may the text appear?aentertainment.bnovel.ceducation.dhealth.【答案】8b9a10c11d【解析】本文是说明文。新的研究表明，孕期或孕前妈妈们肥胖的话可能会影响男孩宝宝们后面的智力发育。相对比正常体重指数的妈妈们，肥胖的妈妈们的男孩后面发育的智力会低一点。但是，为什么妈妈的肥胖影响孩子的智商还不清楚。8细节理解题。根据第二段叙述可知，研究人员观察368名女性及她们的孩子们3岁及7岁时期的情况。因此，研究人员是通过几年对妈妈们和孩子们的观察进行研究的。故选b。9推理判断题。根据第四段首尾句内容可知，这项研究结果并不是有意去吓唬或者让那些妈妈们感到羞愧，其目的是让人们明白怀孕妈妈们的体重和未来孩子们的智力发育有重大关系。故选a。10推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，特别是studying how a mothers obesity could affect the iq of her child is worthwhile可知，研究人员认为这项研究是非常值得的。故选c。11推理判断题。本文主要叙述宝妈们在孕期肥胖对男宝后面的智力发育有一定的影响。因此，文章主要是健康方面的话题。故选d。 more than half of the birds in washington are at risk of extinction because of climate change. thats according to a new national report from the audubon society, which gives detailed analysis of climate effects on about 600 species of north american birds.its based on more than 140 million observations of birds across the us, mexico and canada. audubon scientists looked at the likely effects of sea-level rise, urbanization, drought, extreme spring heat, increased fires, heavy rain and other factors.but it doesnt just spell out a doomsday scenario (世界末日).instead, it offers a range of effects and warming, depending on how much carbon humans add to the atmosphere.it is truly an existential threat (威胁), not only to birds but to people,” said doug santoni, board chair of audubon washington, who looked into the report as soon as it came out.santoni says he was struck to see the vulnerability (脆弱)of a common “ backyard bird , the dark-eyed junco. its one that many first-time birders become familiar with as they learn how to identify species based on their markings and other traits. currently in washington, you can count on juncos to show up at your feeder, year round. extreme spring heat, increased fires and heavy rain are the kinds of changes that will force birds like these north, or kill them off if they fail to adapt.trina bayard, director of bird conservation at audubons washington chapter, says, its certainly a very serious warning report, but adds that theres still hope. “if we can stabilize current temperatures and decrease our emissions (排放), we can really reduce the effects to these birds thats very motivating. ”12what can we know about the new report?ait analyses the species of birds in detail.bits issued by watching 600 bird species.cit shows the end of north american birds.dit reports the threat some birds are facing.13what may santoni probably agree with?aclimate change is a threat only to birds.bits too late to take action to save the birds.cthe current situation of the birds is worrying.dits common that birds are affected by climate change.14which of the following can help these birds according to trina?alowering present temperatures.breducing our daily emissions.cmaking them adapt to climate change.dencouraging people to protect them.15what can be the best title for the text?aclimate change threatens many washington bird species.ba new report about 600 species of north american birds.cdifferent attitudes towards the situation of bird species.dclimate change makes different kinds of species at risk.【答案】12d13c14b15a【解析】本文是说明文。气候变化使得华盛顿州一半以上的鸟类处于危险之中，一项新的报道详细阐述了气候变化对北美600多种鸟类物种的影响。鸟类专家称“虽然情况很糟糕，但是通过稳定目前的温度和减少排放等方法，我们可以减少这些影响”。12细节理解题。根据前三段中more than half of the birds in washington are at risk of extinction because of climate change. 和but it doesnt just spell out a doomsday scenario (世界末日).可知，这篇新的报告详细叙述了气候变化对北美一些鸟类物种的影响，这种威胁是很严重的，但不是说这些鸟类的世界末日到了。故选d项。13推理判断题。根据第四、五两段内容it is truly an existential threat (威胁), not only to birds but to people,和dark-eyed junco的例子可知，santoni认为，气候变化是真正影响鸟类和人类生存的威胁。他对于这种普通的dark-eyed junco鸟类受到的伤害和影响感到很震惊。这些都说明鸟类的现状令人担忧，故选c项。14细节理解题。根据最后一段中最后一句if we can stabilize current temperatures and decrease our emissions (排放), we can really reduce the effects to these birds thats very motivating. 可知，我们可以通过稳定目前的温度和减少排放来减少对这些鸟类的影响。故选b项。15主旨大意题。根据第一段more than half of the birds in washington are at risk of extinction because of climate change.及下文内容可知文章主要介绍：一项新的报告说明气候变化使得华盛顿州一半以上的鸟类处于危险之中。这项报告详细阐述了气候变化对北美600左右的鸟类物种的影响。climate change threatens many washington bird species.概括了全文内容，适合作为标题，故选a项。阅读理解【2021届江西省抚州临川第一中学高三6月实战演练冲刺（二)】 enter the 17th annual kids fish art contesteach fall, ontario students are invited to enter the kids fish art contestthis free annual contest lets you show off your artistic talents and learn about ontarios native fish and their habitatsthe contest is open to all students：who are residents of ontariocurrently attending elementary or secondary school(or homeschooled)between the grades of 4-12children of ministry of natural resources and forestrys fish and wildlife services branch employees are not permittedprizesthere is 1 winner for each of the 3 categories：grades of 4-6 grades of 7-9 grades of 10-12this years prizes include：a fishing trip at brennan harbour resorta day of fishing with canadian sport fishing television show host, italo labignanthe winning designs advance to an international competitionkey datesopens: september 30,2019closes: december 6,2019announcement of winners: march 2020how to enter1.prepare your entry：original artwork a short essay2.download and complete the entry form3.mail your entry, postmarked no later than december 6,2019to: ontario ministry of natural resources and forestrykidsfish art contestpeter borough on k9j 3c7do：provide your artistic interpretation of the fish in its habitatsubmit your original, hand-done creationdo not：use photographs, tracings, computer-generated artworksubmit freehand copies of other peoples workput any lettering, signatures or initials on the front of the designessaywrite a 1essay about：your fish its habitat how to protect it for future generationsinclude your name and address on your essay1who can sigh up for the contest?ajulie, a 3 grader from ontariobian, whose father works with the contestcbrian, a 6-grade homeschoolerdolivia, who lives outside of ontario2when will the winning entries come out?aseptember 30,2019bdecember 6,2019cmarch 2020ddecember 31,20193to enter the contest, participants must_amail the entry form to the contest holderbput their names on their artworkscensure their entries are received by december 6,2019dcreate their artworks by hand【答案】1c2c3d【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了第17届kids fish art contest的相关内容，包括参赛对象、奖项设置、相关日期、报名方式及一些比赛规则。1推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，参赛者要同时满足residents of ontario currently attending elementary or secondary school （or homeschooled）between the grades of 4- 12 children of ministry of natural resources and forestrys fish and wildlife services branch employees are not permitted，这四个条件，四个选项中只有c选项满足。故选c项。2细节理解题。由文章key dates这部分的“announcement of winners：march 2020”，可知，宣布获胜者日期为march 2020。故选c项。3细节理解题。由文章how to enter部分的“do：submit your original, hand-done creation”，可知，参赛作品必须是亲手创作的。故选d项。 in one of my favorite photographs of my mother, shes about 18 and very tall, with long, blond hair. its the 1970s and my dad is there, too, hugging her from behindi havent seen this photo for years. i have no idea where it is now, but i still think of it and, specifically, my mom is in it. she looks so young and innocent. at that time she hasnt yet dropped out of college, or got married. the young woman in this photo has no idea that life will bring her five children and five grandchildren, one divorce, two marriages and a move across the countryfor me, as for many daughters, the time before my mother became a mother is a string of stories, told and retold: the time she sold her childhood barbie doll to buy a ticket to woodstock; the time she worked as a waitress at howard johnsons, struggling to pay her way through her first year at rutgers. the old photos of her are even more appealing than the stories because theyre a historical record, carrying the weight of factit is always a comfort from those photos to know that time, aging and motherhood cannot take away a womans essential identity. for daughters who closely resemble their moms, it must be an even bigger comfort: these mothers and daughters are twins, separated by a generation ,and an old photo serves as a kind of mirrorfor daughters, these old photos of our mothers feel like both a chasm(巨大差异)and a bridge. the woman in the picture is someone other than the woman we know. she is also exactly the person in the photo-still, right now. finally, we see that the woman weve come to think of as mom-whether shes nurturing(养育), or disapproving, or thoughtful, or supportive, or sentimental-is also a mysterious, fun, brave babeshes been here all this time.4what can we know about the authors mother from paragraphs 2&3?ashe divorced twice all her lifeblife was tough for her during her first year at collegecshe traveled across the country in her youthdshe was good at storytelling5why does the author find the photo of her mother appealing?athe photo reminds her of her motherbher mother looks young and happy in the photocshe wonders why her mother dropped out of collegedthe photo tells a lot about her mother in her youth6some photos of mothers bring comfort to their daughters because_.athe photos are kept well even after generationsbthe photos record the life of the mothers faithfullycthe photos help daughters to learn more about their mothersdthe photos show the essential part of the mothers remains unchanged7which one could be the best title of the passage?athe pictures of our mothersbour mothers as we never saw themcmy favorite picture of my motherdthe way to learn about our mothers【答案】4b5d6d7b【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文通过一张母亲的老照片展开，讲述了通过母亲的老照片，女儿可以了解妈妈在未成为母亲前的模样。4推理判断题。根据第三段中的the time she worked as a waitress at howard johnsons，struggling to pay her way through her first year at rutgers(那时，她在howard johnsons当服务员，努力挣钱来支付第一年在rutgers的费用)可知，作者的妈妈在大学第一年要通过打工挣钱来筹学费。由此推断，作者的妈妈在大学第一年生活艰难。b. life was tough for her during her first year at college(她在大学第一年生活很艰难)符合以上推测，故选b项。5细节理解题。根据第三段中的the old photos of her are even more appealing than the stories because they are a historical record carrying the weight of fact.(她的这些老照片比故事更有吸引力，因为它们是历史的记录，承载着事实的分量)可知，作者喜欢母亲的老照片因为它们记录了母亲的青春。d. the photo tells a lot about her mother in her youth(这些照片讲述了很多母亲年轻时的故事)符合以上说法，故选d项。6细节理解题。从文章第四段的it is always a comfort from those photos to know that time, aging and motherhood cannot take away a womans essential identity.可知，从这些照片中可以知道时间、衰老和母亲的身份不能带走一个女性的本质身份，这是让人感到安慰的一件事。d. the photos show the essential part of the mothers remains unchanged(这些照片显示了妈妈的重要身份依然没有改变)符合以上说法，故选d项。7主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过一张母亲的老照片展开，讲述了通过母亲的老照片，女儿可以了解妈妈在未成为母亲前的模样。结合文章最后一段的the woman in the picture is someone other than the woman we know. (照片中的女人不是我们认识的那个女人)可知，b. our mothers as we never saw them(我们从未见过的母亲)可以作为本文标题，故选b项。 having an older brother comes with plenty of benefits. big brothers tend to look out for their younger siblings(兄弟姐妹）,and despite the occasional rocky moment here and there, many siblings enjoy life-long close relationships. however, a new study finds an interesting downside: children with older brothers take longer when it comes to developing language skills.the study, conducted by a group of researchers in paris, france, builds upon earlier research that had already established that having older siblings is associated with poor linguistic(语言的）development. now, researchers say they have come to a more specific conclusion: only children with an older brother exhibit these linguistic difficulties.one would assume that children with older brothers would grow up around more conversation on a daily basis, thus speeding up their language development. yet researchers say such children actually take longer than their older brothers to begin developing these skills.researchers studied more than 1,000 children from birth to the age of five-and-a-half years old. each childs language skills were tested at ages 2,3,and 5.5,using tests specially designed to measure numerous aspects of language development such as vocabulary, syntax, and verbal reasoning.what the research team discovered was significant: children with an older brother had, on average, a two-month delay in their language development compared to those with an older sister.as far as explaining this phenomenon, researchers have proposed two hypotheses(假设).the first is that older sisters tend to talk more often than older brothers, which would compensate for parents potentially being less present than they were for their first child. the second hypothesis is that older sisters usually compete with their siblings less than older brothers for their parents attention.as of now, the studys authors say they cant say for certain why children with older brothers have a harder time developing language skills. in the future they would like to investigate if culture or location affects the results of these studies.8what does the underlined word“downside”in paragraph 1 mean?adifficultybdrawbackcmistakedburden9what does the previous research suggest about older siblings?ahaving older siblings will affect the younger ones language development.bmany children prefer having brothers and sisters.colder brothers may have something to do with the linguistic difficulties.dchildren with older siblings would grow up around more conversation.10why do children with older brothers experience the delay in language development?aparents tend to focus more on the first child.bolder sisters are more caring than older brothers.colder brothers always seek to get more attention from their parents.dyounger children are always ignored by their older brothers.11what will further research of the study focus on?athe reasons for childrens delay in language development.bother aspects that may influence the outcomes of the study.cmore assumptions to explain the phenomenon.dthe effect of culture on childrens language learning.【答案】8b9a10c11b【解析】本文是说明文。研究发现哥哥姐姐会影响弟弟妹妹的语言发展，有哥哥的孩子语言技能发展较慢。8词义猜测题。文章第一段开头部分having an older brother comes with plenty of benefits.讲了有哥哥带来的益处，然后however出现转折，告诉我们一个新的研究发现：children with older brothers take longer when it comes to developing language skills.有哥哥的孩子语言技能发展较慢。由此可以推测出，downside意为“不利方面；缺点”。故选b。9细节理解题。根据文章第二段the study, conducted by a group of researchers in paris, france, builds upon earlier research that had already established that having older siblings is associated with poor linguistic(语言的）development.可知，这个新研究是建立在先前研究的基础上的，先前的研究已经确定了：有兄姐的孩子，语言发展不好。即有哥哥姐姐会影响弟弟妹妹的语言发展，故选a。10细节理解题。根据文章第六段最后一句话中older sisters usually compete with their siblings less than older brothers for their parents attention可知哥哥总是想从父母那儿获得更多的关注，所以有哥哥的孩子语言技能发展较慢。故选c。11推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句in the future they would like to investigate if culture or location affects the results of these studies.告诉我们，在未来研究者们会研究文化或者地理位置是否会影响研究结果。由此可以推断未来研究关注的是其他一些影响研究结果的方面。故选b。 exposing living tissue to subfreezing temperatures for long can cause permanent damage. microscopic ice crystals (结晶体) cut cells and seize moisture (潮气), making donor organs unsuitable for transplantation. thus, organs can be made cold for only a few hours ahead of a procedure. but a set of lasting new antifreeze compounds (化合物)similar to those found in particularly hardy (耐寒的) animalscould lengthen organs shelf life.scientists at the university of warwick in england were inspired by proteins in some species of arctic fish, wood frogs and other organisms that prevent blood from freezing, allowing them to flourish in extreme cold. previous research had shown these natural antifreeze molecules (分子) could preserve rat hearts at -1.3 degrees celsius for up to 24 hours. but these proteins are expensive to extract (提取) and highly poisonous to some species. “for a long time everyone assumed you had to make synthetic (人造的) alternatives that looked exactly like antifreeze proteins to solve this problem, ”says matthew gibson, a chemist at warwick who co-authored the new research. “but we found that you can design new molecules that function like antifreeze proteins but do not necessarily look like them. ”most natural antifreeze molecules have a mixture of regions that either attract or repel water. scientists do not know exactly how this process prevents ice crystal formation, but gibson thinks it might throw water molecules into push-pull chaos that prevents them from tuning into ice. to copy this mechanism, he and his colleagues synthesized spiral-shaped molecules that were mostly water-repellentbut had iron atoms at their centers that made them hydrophilic, or water-loving. the resulting compounds were surprisingly effective at stopping ice crystals from forming. some were also harmless to the roundworm caenorhabditis elegans, indicating they might be safe for other animals.“these compounds are really cool because they are not proteinsthey are other types of molecules that nonetheless can do at least part of what natural antifreeze proteins do, ”says clara do amaral, a biologist at mount st. joseph university, who was not involved in the research. gibsons antifreeze compounds will still need to be tested in humans, however, and may be only part of a solution. “we dont have the whole picture yet, ”do amaral adds. “its not just one magical compound that helps freeze-tolerant organisms survive. its a whole suite of adaptations.12what will happen if organs are kept for a long time in temperatures below zero?athey will have ice crystal formation inside.bthey will not suffer permanent damage.cthey will have longer shelf life.dthey will be fit for transplantation.13what can we learn about natural antifreeze proteins?athey look like gibsons antifreeze compounds.bthey are composed of antifreeze molecules harmless to other species.cthey are spiral-shaped and have iron atoms at their centers.dthey can be found in organisms living in freezing cold weather.14how are antifreeze molecules prevented from ice crystals?aby creating compounds both water-repellent and water-loving.bby extracting the proteins from some hardy animals.cby making synthetic alternatives like antifreeze proteins.dby copying spiral-shaped molecules mostly water-resistant.15whats the main idea of the passage?apush-pull chaos might prevent water molecules from turning into ice.bthe final solution to preserving donor organs has been found recently.cchemicals inspired by arctic animals could lengthen organs shelf life.dgibsons antifreeze compounds can do what natural antifreeze proteins do.【答案】12a13d14a15c【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受北极动物的启发科学家们发现的延长器官保存期限的方法。12细节理解题。根据第一段exposing living tissue to subfreezing temperatures for long can cause permanent damage. microscopic ice crystals cut cells and seize moisture, making donor organs unsuitable for transplantation. 将活组织暴露在低温下很长时间会造成永久性的伤害。微小的冰晶会切割细胞并夺取水分，使得捐献器官不适合移植。所以如果器官被长时间保存在零度以下的温度下，它们内部会形成冰晶。故选a。13直接理解题。根据第二段scientists at the university of warwick in england were inspired by proteins in some species of arctic fish, wood frogs and other organisms that prevent blood from freezing, allowing them to flourish in extreme cold. 英国华威大学的科学家们受到了一些北极鱼类、木蛙和其他生物的蛋白质的启发，这些蛋白质阻止了血液的冻结，使它们在极度寒冷中得以生长。可知天然防冻蛋白，可以在生活在寒冷天气的生物体中发现。故选d。14细节理解题。根据第三段to copy this mechanism, he and his colleagues synthesized spiral-shaped molecules that were mostly water-repellentbut had iron atoms at their centers that made them hydrophilic, or water-loving.可知为了复制这一机制，他和他的同事合成了螺旋状的分子，这些分子主要是拒水的，但其中心有铁原子，使其具有亲水性。所以通过创造既防水又爱水的化合物防止防冻剂分子与冰晶接触。故选a。15主旨大意题。根据第一段 but a set of lasting new antifreeze compounds (化合物)similar to those found in particularly hardy (耐寒的) animalscould lengthen organs shelf life.可知但是，一组持久的新型防冻剂化合物类似于在特别耐寒的动物身上发现的化合物可以延长器官的保存期。所以文章介绍了来自北极动物的化学物质可以延长器官的保质期。故选c。阅读理解【2021届贵州省贵阳市第一中学高三高考适应性月考卷（八)】 the usa gap year fairs lists broad range of gap year programs.the high mountain institute gapthe high mountain institute gap unites outdoor advantage and conservation to cultivate (培养) the next generation of civically-minded leaders. with programs traveling through patagonia and the american west, students discover more about the world and themselves, become independent in their outdoor skills, develop intellectual maturity and effective leadership, and are more prepared to succeed in college and beyond.program location(s): usa, argentinaphone: 719-486-8200national outdoor leadership schoolfor nearly 50 years, national outdoor leadership school has been the leader in wilderness education. more than 221, 000 students have learned in the worlds most spectacular and wild classrooms.program location(s): alaska, amazon australia, east africa, india, mexico, new zealand, argentinaphone: 800-710-6657the international school or earth studiesits private, interdisciplinary (跨学科的) institution specializing in earth-based studies. the programs encourage students to explore the seeds of greatness, with a view to developing tomorrows environmentally sensitive spokespersons and leaders. the principle goal is to help students develop responsibility inspired through appreciation and love for natural places and the environment.program location(s): newfoundland, canadaphone: 819-647-3226the experiment in international livingit provides summer abroad programs for high school students who want to connect deeply and engage meaningfully with the richness and complexities of another country. programs are designed to equip participants not only with essential cultural skills and, in many cases language skills, but also with a deeper awareness of and sensitivity to critical global issues shaping the diverse communities and regions we visit.program location(s): europe, the americas, africa, south of the saharaphone: 800-345-29291what do the first two programs help participants do?alearn diverse cultures.bfind ways to protect the environment.cdevelop outdoor skills and leadership.domplete wilderness education in college.2if you want to learn about program focusing on the environment,you can dial_.a819-647-3226b800-710-6657c800-345-2929d719-486-82003which of the following is ideal for participants who are interested in culture and language?athe high mountain institute gap.bnational outdoor leadership school.cthe experiment in international living.dthe international school for earth studies.【答案】1c2a3c【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个间隔年项目的相关信息。1细节理解题。根据the high mountain institute gap部分中的“students discover more about the world and themselves, become independent in their outdoor skills, develop intellectual maturity and effective leadership”可知，学生们可以更多地了解世界和自己，在户外技能上变得独立，让自己的想法变得更加成熟并培养领导能力；再根据national outdoor leadership school部分“for nearly 50 years, national outdoor leadership school has been the leader in wilderness education. more than 221, 000 students have learned in the worlds most spectacular and wild classrooms.”可知，近50年来，国家户外领导学校一直是荒野教育的领导者，超过21万2千名学生在世界上最壮观、最狂野的教室里（户外）学习，由此可知，这两个项目帮助参与者培养自己的户外技能和领导能力，故c项正确。2细节理解题。根据the international school or earth studies部分中的“the programs encourage students to explore the seeds of greatness, with a view to developing tomorrows environmentally sensitive spokespersons and leaders. the principle goal is to help students develop responsibility inspired through appreciation and love for natural places and the environment.”及“phone: 819-647-3226”可知，该项目鼓励学生探索伟大的种子，以培养未来的环境敏感的发言人和领导人，其主要目标是帮助学生通过欣赏和热爱自然环境来培养责任感，电话是819-647-3226，由此可知，如果你想了解关于自然环境的项目，应拨打819-647-3226，故a项正确。3细节理解题。根据the experiment in international living部分中的“programs are designed to equip participants not only with essential cultural skills and, in many cases language skills”可知，该项目培养参与者的文化技能和语言技能，由此可知，该项目最适合对文化和语言感兴趣的参与者，故c项正确。 marielle bacason was 22 when she experienced the storm that would change her life. on november 8, 2013, she held onto whatever she could as the wind of up to 315 kilometers per hour destroyed everything in its path. when the wind finally died down and the storm became less violent, this is what she saw:“you could not distinguish the roads and dead bodies of people and animals everywhere. we feared for our safety every day, especially during the night. we just wanted to leave tacloban. i was traumatised,” she says.in her hometown of tacloban, in the eastern visayas region of the philippines, southeast from the capital of manila, her home and everything she owned was damaged super typhoon haiyan was the strongest storm to hit the country reportedly killing over 6,300 people, though the locals said the toll (伤亡人数) was much higher.recovering from an event like this is no easy task. marielle and others asked: why me? why did this happen? who is responsible? for the past five years, marielle has been trying to find the answers. thats why she along with other amazing women, are taking on some of the worlds largest coal, oil and gas companies, including exxonmobil, bp, chevron and shell, for contributing to the human harm resulting from the impacts of climate change.caused by a petition (请愿书) filed in 2015 by representatives of communities and organizations across the philippines, this investigation (调查) by the commission on human rights (人权委员会) of the philippines is the first of its kind to be launched by an independent constitutional office. the result, which wont be known until early 2019, could be game changer for the fossil fuel industry.marielle, who is now working as research nurse in london, puts it simply:“all i ask of these big companies is to allow our children, grandchildren, and the future generations to be able to enjoy an undamaged planet i just ask that they consider the long-term effects of their actions.”4how did marielle feel after the storm?apuzzled.bshocked.cembarrassed.ddisappointed.5whats mariellespurpose of fighting against those companies?ato push them to help her hometown recover.bto completely drive them out of her country.cto get back all her possessions lost in the storm.dto ask them to be environmentally responsible.6what do we know about the investigation mentioned in paragraph 5?ait might greatly influence the fossil fuel industry.bits being carried out by marielle and her colleagues.citll have long-term-effect on taclobans economy.ditll measure the damage caused by super typhoon haiyan.7which of the following best describes marielle?ashes an easy-going woman.bshe cares little about climate change.cshe holds strong social responsibility.dshe used to be a research nurse in london.【答案】4b5d6a7c【解析】本文是记叙文。石油、煤炭等企业极大地影响了气候变化，深受其害的marielle和其他菲律宾人多年来奋起抗争，诉求这些企业应对气候变化负责。 4推理判断题。根据第二段marielle的描述“you could not distinguish the roads and dead bodies of people and animals everywhere. we feared for our safety every day, especially during the night. we just wanted to leave tacloban. i was traumatised”，台风过后，尸野遍地。我们每天都在担心自己的安危，尤其晚上更害怕。感觉自己受到了创伤。由此判断出风暴过后，marielle 感觉很震惊。故选b项。5推理判断题。根据第四段中的“thats why she along with other amazing women, are taking on some of the worlds largest coal, oil and gas companies, including exxonmobil, bp, chevron and shell, for contributing to the human harm resulting from the impacts of climate change”可知，marielle与这些公司抗争是因为这些公司对气候变化带来的严重后果负有不可推卸的责任。文章最后一段marielle所说的话也表明了这样的观点。由此判断出玛丽埃尔反对那些公司的目的是要求他们对环境负责。故选d项。6细节理解题。根据第五段中的“the result, which wont be known until early 2019, could be a game changer for the fossil fuel industry.”结果可能会改变化石燃料行业的游戏规则。可知，这项调查的结果可能将对矿物燃料工业产生极大的影响。故选a项。7推理判断题。根据文章内容“for the past five years, marielle has been trying to find the answers. thats why she along with other amazing women, are taking on some of the worlds largest coal, oil and gas companies.”可知，过去的五年间，marielle一直在寻找家乡发生自然灾害的原因，为此她和其他一些勇敢伟大的女性一起与石化公司抗争。根据最后一段marielle所说的话“all i ask of these big companies is to allow our children，grandchildren，and the future generations to be able to enjoy an undamaged planeti just ask that they consider the long-term effects of their actions”为了让我们的后代有个完好的地球，这些企业应该考虑到他们的行为所带来的长期影响。可推知，marielle是一个富有社会责任感的人。故选c项。 “mirror mirror on the wall, whos the fairest of them all?” an old tale tells seemingly unbelievable story of a magic mirror, but now the magic is no longer unachievable.in august 2018, news went viral (广为传播的) that the police had caught criminal suspects who attended chinese singer jacky cheungs concerts. how did the police pick out the suspects among thousands of screaming fans? the helping hand is al facial recognition technology. the low-key yet powerful tool is no longer far-fetched, but entering the world of chinas top investors and companies.facial recognition is a technology able to identify a person from digital image or a frame from a video source. tang wenbin, cto of face+, an al computer vision technology company in china, vividly explained the workflow. according to him, facial recognition is the identification of our appearance, including knowing the sex, age and identity of a person. you may think it is like a brain or a neural network. you use data to train it, and then, it learns the pattern.facial recognition technology has been traditionally allied with the security work but today there is active expansion into other industries including mobile phones, marketing and finance.chinese start-ups have seen the potential of ai facial recognition for simplifying and speeding up tasks in multiple industries. and the market is now crowded and competitive.china is starting the al revolution and has made breakthroughs in facial recognition. “if applying ai to different industries is a marathon, the companies there probably have just got off the blocks.” said tian feng, director of alibaba cloud research center. he also thinks that in the future, everybody will be able to use ai as it will soon become a basic tool for work and life.8why does the author mention mirrors in paragraph 1?ato imply that such magical mirror is achievable.bto lead to the topic that such magic has become reality.cto prove that old tales are based on true stories.dto describe the background of facial recognition.9which of the following best explains“allied with”underlined in paragraph 4?acontent with.bcompared with.cburdened with.dassociated with.10what is tian fengs attitude towards the future of ai?afavorable.bpessimistic.cindifferent.dobjective.11what can be a suitable title for the text?abreakthroughs of chinese technologybeffects of ai technologycthe eye of ai in chinadfacial recognition in security【答案】8b9d10a11c【解析】本文为科技类说明文。文章主要介绍了人脸识别技术在中国的发展与前景。8推理判断题。第一段中指出an old tale tells seemingly unbelievable story of a magic mirror, but now the magic is no longer unachievable.一个古老的传说讲述了一个看似难以置信的魔镜的故事，但现在魔法不再是无法实现的。下文就介绍了人脸识别技术的运用，所以用魔镜是为了引出文章讨论的主要内容人脸识别技术，故选b。9词义猜测题。由本句后半段but today there is active expansion into other industries including mobile phones, marketing and finance.可知：但是当今社会人脸识别技术在其他相关产业不断扩大使用，其中包括移动电话，市场销售及金融产业，根据语境和划线词语前的traditionally可推知原来只是涉及到安保工作，现在已经扩大了适用的相关范围。allied with与associated with同义，意为“与相联系”，故选d。10推理判断题。通过最后一段he also thinks that in the future, everybody will be able to use ai as it will soon become a basic tool for work and life.得知阿里巴巴云研究中心主任田丰认为未来人人都能够使用人工智能，它将成为人们工作和生活的基本工具，由此可推知田丰对ai的未来充满希望，故选a。11主旨大意题。本文开头用魔镜引出人脸识别技术，随后介绍了中国人工智能中人脸识别技术的应用与发展前景。a项“中国技术的突破”概括范围太大，b“人工智能技术的影响”、d“人脸识别在安全中的应用”两项概括不全面，c项“中国的人工智能之眼”概括了本文内容，其中eye与人脸识别的功能吻合，故为最佳标题。故选c。 i read with interest a recent article on galactocorps planned shuttlejet flight later this year. i cannot imagine more stupid thing than this, so-called space tourism, and cant help wondering what on earth humanity is coming to if this can be successful business.many may think that space travel is the highest human achievement, which may be the condition when scientific endeavor (努力) is the aim. however, when it comes to space tourism, think we may have found the top of human stupidity. consider the high cost of getting into space, the billions of dollars wasted on building the shuttlejet, and the many thousands spent by the passengersand for what? so that forty fat cats can have a first-class meal along with six minutes of weightlessness, before returning to earth? never before has so much money been spent for so little benefit (利益). i invite all space tourists to come around to my house. i can treat them to a big dinner and they can have jump on the trampoline (蹦床), and theyll only need to pay me half the price of galactocorp.further, the money can be used in a smarter way. think of the many worthy causes that would benefit from the money that has been thrown away on this project already. there are many medical programs in those poor countries. a few hundred thousand dollars could make a big difference to the lives of thousands of people. the benefits would last far longer than six minutes.not only is the shuttlejet a terrible waste of money, its also a terrible waste of resources (资源). think about the materials required to build and the things required to drive the shuttlejet. do we really want to pollute the environment for such a pointless exercise and waste so much money for such a pointless exercise?in a word, we all need to come back down to earth and forget this stupid dream of space tourism.12whats the authors purpose in writing this text?ato ask for advice.bto stop project.cto share his idea.dto express his interest.13what offer does the author make in paragraph 2?ahelping the fat cats lose weight.basking people to have fun in his house.cproviding a trampoline for space tourists.dpreparing first-class-meal for the forty cats.14what is the authors main idea against space tourism?ait costs space tourists a lot of money.bit is just a scientific aim.cit is bad for the environment.dit causes a lot of waste in money and resources.15what does the author mean by saying“come back down to earth”in the last paragraph?athe project is unrealistic.bthe project is unscientific.cthe money should be spent on earth.dspace is nothing compared with earth.【答案】12c13b14d15a【解析】本文为议论文，讲述了作者阅读关于太空旅游的文章后发表自己的个人观点，认为太空旅游浪费金钱和资源。 12推理判断题。第一段作者提到他阅读关于太空旅游的文章后有感而发。中间二、三、四段展开说明自己的感想，即太空旅游浪费金钱也浪费资源。最后一段作者总结说这一项目不切合实际，我们应该忘记这个愚蠢的梦。所以作者通篇是在阐述自己对太空旅游的看法。c项意为“发表自己的观点”符合文意。故选c项。13细节理解题。通过第二段“i invite all space tourists to come around to my housei can treat them to a big dinner and they can have a jump on the trampoline（蹦床）”可知，作者提出要邀请那些想要去太空旅游的人去他家吃饭、跳蹦床。b项意为“请人去他家玩耍”，符合文意。故选b项。14细节理解题。通过第四段“not only is the shuttlejet a terrible waste of money，its also a terrible waste of resources（资源）”可知作者认为太空旅游浪费钱和资源。d项意为“它会导致金钱和资源的浪费”符合文意。故选d项。15推理判断题。根据该段下文“forget this stupid dream of space tourism”可知作者想要让人们忘记太空游这个愚蠢的梦，从而推知作者认为这个项目是不现实的。come down to earth为固定短语，意为“从梦境中回到现实”。a项意为“这个项目不切合实际、不现实”符合文意，故选a项。阅读理解【2021届湖北省黄冈中学高三六月第三次模拟】work-study programthe
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