上海市黄浦区2021届高三英语下学期4月学业等级考调研测试（二模）试题.doc
上海市黄浦区2021届高三英语下学期4月学业等级考调研测试二模试题含听力
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上海市黄浦区2021届高三英语下学期4月学业等级考调研测试（二模）试题（完卷时间：120分钟 总分：140分）第i卷（共100分）i. listening comprehensionsection adirections: in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. a. customer and salesperson.b. employer and employee.c. interviewer and jobseeker.d. consultant and student.2. a. about 108.b. about 180. c. about 216.d. about 360. 3. a. in a professors workshop.b. in a doctors office.c. at a university laboratory. d. at a hotel reception. 4. a. she takes no notice of the board.b. she thinks the noticeboard is too dark.c. she doesnt understand the notice either.d. she cant see whats in the notice clearly.5. a. type for a few minutes. b. take her to have a rest.c. look for another typist. d. finish writing the report.6. a. johnson was late for their dinner yesterday. b. johnson didnt show up at the dinner time yesterday. c. he didnt call johnson to have dinner together yesterday. d. he couldnt go to johnsons house for dinner yesterday. 7. a. the man needs ten minutes to ride the woman to the hotel.b. the woman will arrive at the hotel ten minutes later than planned.c. the man doesnt think he can manage to reach the hotel in ten minutes. d. the woman doesnt hope he will be able to drive quickly to the hotel. 8. a. to pick him up. b. to give him a ring. c. to convey a message. d. to return home at once. 9. a. he says that it costs too much money.b. he thinks it does harm to the environment.c. he believes it is sure to bring huge profits.d. he knows nothing about the construction of it.10. a. the man has finished the project.b. the man wants to apologize to the woman.c. the woman will let bob call the man.d. the woman is losing patience with the man.section bdirections: in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. when you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. a. it is usually given immediately by a physician. b. it usually makes the services of a doctor unnecessary.c. it usually causes the confusion of the first aider.d. it is usually done by someone in accidents or emergencies.12. a. asking for sound suggestions. b. finding out the cause of the problems.c. arranging for an ambulance. d. telephoning the victims best friend.13. a. reassure the victim that help is at hand. b. give the victim care and encouragement.c. handle the injured parts only when it is necessary. d. move the victims body to find and dress all the injuries. questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. a. to compare a music journalist and a musician.b. to give suggestions on becoming a music journalist.c. to describe the specific needs of music magazines.d. to introduce the requirements of a professional musician.15. a. have a good knowledge of great musicals.b. get familiar with the music of recent years.c. be expert at a special type of music.d. create opportunities for more musicians. 16. a. its easy to get advertisements so as to earn more.b. it helps to sign long-term contracts with great organizations.c. it offers time to write for a wider range of music magazines.d. it contributes to developing readers specific expectations.questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. a. the course is only open to poetry majors. b. the course requires another course first. c. the course is all filled up yet.d. the course is only offered in the morning. 18. a. he has another course at the same time.b. the class is too far away from the community. c. the course is given during his working hours.d. hes already familiar with the material of the course.19. a. his work schedule doesnt conflict with his other classes.b. he doesnt want to ask his boss for another favor.c. he wants to work the same schedule as his friends.d. he likes to do his homework in the evening. 20. a. its courses cost much less. b. it has an evening cafeteria. c. the class size there is smaller. d. it may offer courses during the day. ii. grammar and vocabularysection adirections: after reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.ocean exploration changed human historyone of humanitys greatest achievements has been mastering routes across the worlds oceans. communities separated by thousands of miles (21)_(bring) into contact and religious ideas have spread across the waters, while artistic creativity has been motivated by the experience of seeing the products of different civilizations. customs have been decisively altered by the movement of ships across the oceans. no one drank tea in medieval europe, but (22)_ contact had been made with the tea-drinking chinese, tea became popular with millions of people from sweden to the united states.we tend to hold the view (23)_ the opening of the oceans was the work of the great explorers, especially the 15th century pioneers who edged their way through uncharted waters to southern africa, the indian ocean and the lands of the indies. these were sailors (24)_ _ christopher columbus, who chanced upon unsuspected lands that blocked the expected sea route from europe to china and japan. but while these men (25)_ give the age of discovery its name, they didnt start the exploration of the worlds oceans and there were also scores of merchants who followed in (26)_ route, taking full advantage of new knowledge about the open ocean to develop trade links across the world, (27)_ laid the foundation for modern globalization. these were the people who really mastered the oceans and brought the continents into contact. since then, the oceans have only continued (28)_(tie) the world together most dramatically when new routes were literally carved out, with the building of the sues canal in the 19th century and the opening of the panama canal in 1914. the first goods to pass through the panama canal consisted of a cargo of (29)_(tin) pineapples from hawaii. the pacific and the atlantic were (30)_(closely) tied together than ever before.section bdirections: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. each word can only be used once. note that there is one word more than you need.a. concernedb. signalsc. mechanicald. monitore. identificationf. philosophicalg. thoughtsh. assume i. embeddedj. privacyk. procedureswould you wear a computer under your skin?forget smartphones and smart glasses. one day, we might have smart tattoos, body modifications. the company newdealdesign came up with an idea for a product called underskin. the device would look like a pair of tattoos on your arms and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. it would draw power from your bodys energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, 31 your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality. underskin is just an idea you cant go out and get one but the technology exists to make it work. “we 32 it is about five years from being real,” says designer gadi amit. writer and technology initiator amal graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency 33 tag implanted in his hand. “i use it to log into my computer. i also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. the chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio 34 with a unique number for recognition.if a computerized tattoo or 35 tag isnt crazy enough for you, what about a brain chip? the company intel is working on technology that would let you control your devices with your mind. dean pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains, “were trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves. imagine being able to surf the web with the power of your 36 .” do you think these chips sound frightening or cool? some doctors are 37 about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. they argue that medical 38 are meant to heal sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. others worry about hacking and 39 . could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind? on a more 40 level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human? or are you a cyborg, a being that is part human and part machine, or a machine that looks like a human being?what do you think would you want a computer under your skin?iii. reading comprehensionsection adirections: for each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a, b, c and d. fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. for the longest time, the predominant description about renewable energy featured awkward technologies, high costs, and burdensome allowance. in the 41 of strict and far-reaching policy changes, the chances for mass adoption seemed slim. electric vehicles (evs) simply couldnt go the distance, and led lights were unattractive and 42 . but now that these technologies have come of age, a new story is being written. around the world, businesses, governments, and households are taking advantage of more cost-effective low-carbon technologies. 43 advances in information technologies (it), green solutions can be introduced into business operations successfully. and as public support for these technologies has grown, so have the 44 for scaling up to a fully sustainable energy system.as in any rapid transition, a full understanding of what is happening has 45 events. many present energy producers find it hard to believe that their world is undergoing a revolutionary change, so they insist that their heavily polluting technologies will remain 46 and necessary for some time to come. journalists, too, describe the transition with a degree of 47 , because it is their job to be suspicious. and politicians and regulators are cautious to adopt a new perspective, 48 they are already struggling to keep up with the pace of change in the energy industry. to be sure, 49 doesnt come without setbacks, as the recent growth in energy-related greenhouse-gas (ghg) emissions shows. yet there is no doubt that the future of energy will be 50 different from the recent past. in fact, the 51 is happening even faster than we think, for example, coal-fired power plants are shutting down faster than ever, and plans for new natural-gas plants are being replaced with more cost-effective wind and solar options. and as the shift toward renewables gains good trends, it will be easier for elected officials to pursue more climate-friendly policies and regulations, thereby creating a(n) 52 circle of change.as the green transition comes of age, it will offer solutions to all of humanitys energy needs, placing a clean, prosperous and secure low-carbon future well within reach. yet even as we hug 53 , we must not lose sight of the fact that climate change is speeding up. with ghg emissions 54 to rise, the future of humanity hangs in the balance. one hopes that the shift to 55 energy will tip the scale in our favor. 41. a. license b. absencec. applicationd. promotion 42. a. invisibleb. unbelievablec. inevitable d. unaffordable 43. a. instead of b. owing to c. in case ofd. according to 44. a. resourcesb. revolutionsc. prospects d. priorities45. a. caught up with b. compared with c. taken place of d. fallen behind46. a. relevant b. inferior c. synthetic d. experimental 47. a. mixtureb. caution c. conflict d. approval 48. a. in case b. so that c. even though d. the moment 49. a. significanceb. invention c. happiness d. progress 50. a. dramaticallyb. economicallyc. independentlyd. equivalently51. a. interactionb. modernization c. motivation d. transformation52. a. natural b. potential c. positive d. original53. a. influence b. optimismc. estimationd. extension 54. a. starting b. failing c. emerging d. continuing55. a. sustainableb. traditionalc. availabled. industrialsection bdirections: read the following three passages. each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (a)on the night of september 19, 1961, betty hill and her husband barney were driving home through the white mountains from niagara falls. they were travelling on a nearly deserted two-lane highway when betty noticed a steady light in the sky that was getting bigger and brighter. she thought it was a planet or a star. barney, stimulated at her excitement, said it was probably just a wandering aeroplane. whatever it was, it appeared to be following them. they stopped their car for a closer look. what they said happened next, changed their lives. the flying object was noiseless. it appeared to be spinning. it was as big as a jet but shaped like a pancake.so formed the tale of betty hill, a new hampshire social worker who, with barney, a postal worker, claimed to be kidnapped by aliens, who were from outer space, on a moonlit night about 60 years ago.after reluctantly going public with her experience, hill, who died of cancer at her new hampshire home, aged 85, became a celebrity on the ufo circuit and was known as the “first lady of ufos”. intriguingly, at the time of the incident, the hills remembered nothing except that they had spied a strange object in the sky. later, troubled by nightmares and other stress-related pains, the couple underwent hypnosis(催眠) where the full story came out with the aid of boston psychiatrist benjamin simon, an expert in medical hypnosis.on their night of contact the hills arrived home at 5 a.m., unable to account for two lost hours. they were also confused by the odd marks on their telescopes, deep signs on the tops of barneys best shoes, bettys torn dress and strange circular markings on their car that made the needle of a compass jump wildly.after seeing them for six months, the psychiatrist concluded the hills lost memory about the hours they lost on that night in 1961 “appeared to involve an amazing experience on the part of both of the hills”. whether the experience had been fantasy or reality, simon could not say, but he said he was convinced they had not been lying. he guessed that it had been a kind of shared dream. reports of aliens capturing humans and taking them aboard oddly shaped spacecraft were “comparatively rare” before 1975. after a movie, “the ufo incident”, about the hills came out, however, such stories increased. 56. when they saw the strange object in the sky, barney and betty hill _. a. were astonished at its strange flight and noiseb. regarded it as just a wandering car following themc. realized immediately what the danger it might caused. showed curiosity in discovering what it really was 57. the word “intriguingly” in paragraph 6 most probably means “_”. a. ridiculously b. temporarily c. remarkably d. mysteriously 58. the hills later sought the help of a psychiatrist because _.a. they had lots of secrets in their lives after the strange experienceb. their lives were greatly disturbed by the unexpected experiencec. they wanted to share their unforgettable experience with the expertd. they hoped to forget completely what had happened to them 59. this article was written in order to _. a. describe an unusual event to the readersb. convince readers of the existence of ufos c. record how people were caught by aliens d. warn people of the dangers the ufos cause (b) the changing population throughout the globalizing world, in particular an increase in the aging population and a decrease in birth rates, is disturbing housing markets.since 1970, global average income per person has increased, with a few exceptions as in 2009 and 2015, and inequality has also widened among and within nations. the international monetary funds global house price index collapsed in 2008 before climbing again to reach pre-crisis levels. due to these population and financial trends, household structures have changed with increased preference for smaller, shared living quarters and less home ownership worldwide. analysts increasingly focus on mapping and predicting effects of globalization on housing markets and individual decisions.countries at the forefront of globalization, namely the united states and china, as well as rapidly globalizing countries like india, expect their aging populations to double by the year 2050. coupled with changes to the family structure, especially a childbirth rate nearly halved since 1950 and more two-income households, decisions involving the housing stock are more complex than ever before. the three countries may share a common challenge: their governments are not well prepared for rapid growth in their graying populations. out of the three, the united states could be most affected, as the primary-mode of senior care in china and india is in-home care. if family support remains the top choice for senior care, this could prevent india and china from the possible negative effects of the inadequate public and private planning. in-home care involves family members covering the cost and accommodation of senior members. about 65 percent of us elderly in need of assistance rely on family and friends, and non-family senior care is relatively new for india and china. 60. which of the following is true according to paragraph 1 and 2? a. the housing markets are mostly affected by the decrease in birth rates and rise in death rates.b. inequality has widened among and within nations due to the rapid globalization of the households. c. the population and financial trends led to increased preference for smaller, shared accommodations. d. analysts think globalization has decisive effects on housing markets and individual decisions.61. what can be inferred from the last two paragraphs and the illustration? a. the aging populations of the three countries are expected to decrease by 2050.b. non-family senior care probably remains the best choice for the elderly in america.c. china will probably have the largest percentage of the senior population by 2050. d. the three giants in terms of population must avoid the challenges from their citizens. 62. the best title for the passage is _.a. the challenge for the aged b. shelter for an aging worldc. the rapid growth of populationd. comparison on globalization (c)cuckoos dont bother building their own neststhey just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. but other birds are wising up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.cuckoos are often known as parasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nests of other species. to avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that their eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. if the host bird doesnt notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest. to avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which were only now beginning to fully understand. one of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra color-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet(紫外线) wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colors than humans can. this allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.fascinatingly, were actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. for instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. the blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. while those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. and yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.biologists suspect these more easily deceived species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. whats remarkable is that the dunnock fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter. it speaks to just how thoroughly a species behavior can be altered by the pressures of natural selection, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they dont want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs. 63. this passage was most likely found in a _. a. travel journalb. zoo advertisementc. nature magazined. science survey64. what does the word “parasites” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?a. animals which live on or inside other host animals. b. animals that mutually work together to raise young.c. small harmful animals such as worms or mice.d. animals that can adapt to changing environments.65. which of the following is true about dunnock according to the passage? a. it can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.b. it is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.c. it is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.d. it is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.66. which of the following can be inferred from the passage? a. dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.b. redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.c. it is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnocks egg.d. cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.section cdirections: read the following passage. fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. each sentence can be used only once. note that there are two more sentences than you need.a. the research focuses on whether machine can learn to predict peoples preference of music. b. the lab is already working with addiction treatment clinics to see how other forms of media could help patients.c. a movie without a soundtrack doesnt stimulate the same emotional journey. d. through a series of human testers, 60 pieces for each emotion were narrowed down to a final list of three.e. the research is part of the labs broader goal to understand how different forms of media affect peoples bodies and brains.f. the researchers are excited about how ai could be used to enhance the function of music in more fields. ai could help us deconstruct the magic of musicwe all know that music is a powerful influencer. 67 fitness without a warm-blooded song would be boring. but is there a way to quantify these reactions? and if so, could they be reverse-engineered and put to use? in a new paper, researchers at the university of southern california mapped out how things like tone, rhythm, and harmony cause different types of brain activity, physiological reactions (heat, sweat, and changes in electrical response),and emotions(happiness or sadness), and how machine learning could use those relationships to predict how people might respond to a new piece of music. the results, presented at a conference on the intersections of computer science and art, show how we may one day be able to engineer targeted musical experiences for purposes ranging from therapy to movies. 68 “once we understand how media can affect our various emotions, then we can try to productively use it for actually supporting or enhancing human experiences,” says shrikanth narayanan, a professor at usc and the principal investigator in the lab.the researchers first searched music streaming sites for songs with very few plays, tagged either “happy” or “sad.” 69 two reliably caused sadness and one reliably caused happiness. one hundred participants who hadnt heard the songs before split into two groups, listened to all three pieces, and either took a special scan or wore pulse, heat, and electricity sensors on their skin and rated the intensity of their emotions on a scale of 0 to 10. the researchers then fed the data, along with 74 features for each song, into several machine-learning mathematical steps and examined which features were the strongest predictors of responses. they found, for example, that the brightness of a song (the level of its medium and high frequencies) and the strength of its beat were both among the best predictors of how a song would affect a listeners heart rate and brain activity. the research is still in very early stages, and it will be a while before more powerful machine-learning models will be able to predict your mental and physical reactions to a song with any precision. but the researchers are excited about how such models could be applied: to design music for specific individuals, to create movie soundtracks easily arousing sympathy, or to help patients with mental health problems stimulate specific parts of their brain. 70 they want to start trying music-based therapies as well. iv. summary writingdirections:read the following passage. summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. use your own words as far as possible.71. how the smartphone affected teenssome parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their phones because it represents a complete departure from how they spent their own adolescence. but spending this much time on screens is not just differentin many ways, its actually worse.spending less time with friends means less time to develop social skills. a 2014 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emotions on others faces, suggesting that teens screen-filled lives might cause their social skills to decline.in addition, teens using smartphones read books, magazines and newspapers much less than previous generations did as teens: in the annual monitoring the future survey, the percentage of high school seniors who read a non-required book or magazine nearly every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2015. college teachers tell me that students have more trouble reading longer text passages, and rarely read the required textbooks. this isnt to say that teens who use smar
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