2021高考英语一轮复习第一编必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars学案含解析新人教版

1、 unit 4astronomy: the science of the stars晨背分钟 填词并背记explore mkmk， a planet billions of kilometers away, is the origin of life in many religions. physicists have proved the theory that its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity are similar to the earths. and astronomers have found that oxygen ato

2、ms and carbon dioxide, which are fundamental to life, exist in its atmosphere through satellites. cheered up by this news, biologists, in their turn, began to do some research to remove peoples puzzlesnow that there are some suitable conditions, does life really exist on this globe? do they multiply

3、 by laying eggs or giving birth to babies?last month, a spaceship was sent there. its a pity that this mission failed. unlike the earth, mk is a much younger planet. thus, masses of harmful acid clouds float everywhere causing violent chain reactions to break out. these clouds not only blocked out t

4、he pilots sight but also damaged the engine system. luckily, the pilots watched out carefully and prevented the spaceship from crashing in time.探测mk行星mk二号是一颗几十亿公里外的行星，它在许多宗教里都是生命起源的地方。物理学家已经证明了它温和的气候和重力的牵引都和地球相似的理论；天文学家也通过卫星，在它的大气层里发现了氧原子和二氧化碳的存在，这些对生命来说，都是基本的。受到这一消息的鼓舞，生物学家们接着开始了研究以解开人们的迷惑既然有了适合的条件

5、，生命真的存在于这个星球吗？他们是通过下蛋，还是产仔来繁殖后代的呢？上个月，一艘太空飞船被派到了那儿。可惜的是，这次任务失败了。不像地球，mk二号是一颗年轻得多的行星。因此，大团大团的有害酸云到处漂浮，引起猛烈的连锁反应的爆发。这些云团不仅阻挡了飞行员的视线，而且还损坏了发动机系统。幸运的是，飞行员小心注意，才及时阻止了飞船的坠毁。1religion (n.) 宗教；宗教信仰religious (adj.) 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的2globe (n.) 球体；地球仪；地球global (adj.) 全球性的；全世界的3violent (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence

6、(n.) 暴力violently (adv.) 暴力地；猛烈地4unlike (prep.) 与不同；不像like (vt.) 喜欢(prep.) 像dislike (vt.) 不喜欢；讨厌likely (adj.) 可能的5reaction (n.) 反应；回应react (vi.) 反应6biology (n.) 生物学biologist (n.) 生物学家7physicist (n.) 物理学家physical (adj.) 物理的；身体的physician (n.) 医师；(尤指)内科医生physics (n.) 物理学8depend on/upon 依靠；取决于9break out

7、突发；爆发10watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防11in ones turn 轮到某人12get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解重点知识分钟harmful adj. 有害的(p26)(1)单句语法填空as we all know, a bad eating habit is (harm) to ones health.as far as im concerned, there is no harm making an apology to him first.答案：harmfulin(2)一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。some

8、boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, . (定语从句)some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, and .(并列句)答案：which is very harmful to their healthit does great harm to their health(1)be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害对某人有害做某事没有坏处(4)harmless (反义词) adj. 无害的exist vi. 生存；存在(p26

9、)单句语法填空they cant exist the money hes earning.large amounts of calcium exist milk.the service is available to all (exist) customers. exists a generation gap between the young and the old.pakistan came into (exist) as an independent country after the war.答案：oninexistingthereexistence(1)exist in 存在于之中e

10、xist on 靠而生存there exist(s)/existed . 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在in existence 现存；存在(3)existing adj. 现存的；正在使用的名师点津(1)exist只用作不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。(2)there exists . 表示“存在；有”，there不可用it替换。puzzle n. 谜；难题vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难(p27)单句语法填空why lily makes the sachets (香囊) so be

11、autifully is puzzle to me.im not puzzled why many foreigners are so interested in chinese kung fu.her (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what i said.答案：aabout/overpuzzled(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的pul

12、l n& vt. (拉)力；拖；牵引力(p30)用pull相关短语的适当形式填空the train and all the passengers got off.they are some houses to make room for a new hotel.everyone was very concerned about whether he would or not.as long as we theres no mountain top we cant conquer.答案：pulled inpulling downpull throughpull togetherpull away

13、 (车辆等)驶离；开走pull in (车辆等)进站；停靠pull down 拆除；使受挫；使虚弱pull off (成功地)完成；驶离pull on (匆忙地)穿上pull out 驶出车站；撤离pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关pull up 停车pull together (使)齐心协力in time 及时；终于；迟早(p25)用time相关短语的适当形式填空they ran all the way to the corner just to see the bus disappearing up the street.as the old saying goes, “wher

14、e there is a will, there is a way.” our efforts will pay off . ， i even felt my parents couldnt understand me so i hoped i could be free from them. did i feel they were being unreasonable.well be there .答案：in timein timeat one timeat no timein no time(1)in time for . 刚好赶上in time to do sth. 及时做某事(2)i

15、n no time 立刻；马上at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时；然而from time to time有时；偶尔(3)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时光in ones turn 轮到某人(p26)用turn相关短语的适当形式填空when it is ， i am too excited to speak.all theories are from practice and serve practice.the young paren

16、ts had to to look after their sick baby.i think to drive the kids to school this week.it that i was wrong.答案：in my turnin turntake turnsits my turnturned outin turn 依次；轮流；相应地；转而by turns 轮流；交替take turns doing/to do sth. 轮流做its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事turn out to be sth. 结果是；原来是it turns/turned out

17、 that . 结果是break out (战争、火灾、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(p31)单句写作最终消防员们扑灭了今早十点超市发生的大火。at last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which at ten this morning.多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。more healthy food, or your body will sooner or later.他挣脱了警卫，冲进了大厅。he the guard and rushed into the hall.答案：broke outbreak down

18、broke away frombreak away (from)摆脱；脱离break in闯入；打断break into破门而入break off断开；中断break through突破；克服break up粉碎；解散；结束break down分解；失败；故障this produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.(p26)(1)单句语法填空they want to make clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job

19、.people in the west make it a rule (buy) christmas presents for their relatives and friends.i consider it no use (quarrel) with him about it.答案：itto buyquarrelling/quarreling(2)一句多译精通这项科技可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。mastering the technology makes it possible more effectively. (用不定式)mastering the technology makes

20、 it possible more effectively. (用宾语从句)答案：for us to use the internetthat we can use the internet(1)本从句是“make it形容词/名词for sb./sth.to do sth.”句型。其中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构。(2)make复合宾语的结构：makeit形容词/名词不定式/从句find, feel, think, leave等动词也有这样的用法。but when i tried to step forward, i found i was carried twice as far

21、as on the earth and fell over.(p31)(1)单句语法填空it is said that his new apartment is twice (large) than the old one.the population now in this village is five times it was ten years ago.答案：largerwhat(2)一句多译据报道，最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。it is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almos

22、t three times the earth.it is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times the earth.it is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times the earth.答案：as large aslarger thanthe size of(1)twice as far as . 是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。

23、as far as . “远到”。(2)英语中四种最常见的倍数表达法：倍数as原级as . 倍数比较级than . 倍数the size/length/width/height/depth . of . 倍数what从句名师点津在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。课文语法填空分钟no one 1 (know) exactly how the earth began. according to a 2 (wide) accepted theory, the universe began with a

24、“big bang”. the earth 3 (explode) loudly and produced water vapour and other 4 (gas) making the earths atmosphere. as the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed 5 the surface. it was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, whic

25、h made 6 possible for life to develop. first, the appearance of small plants encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. next, green plants began to grow on land, 7 (follow) by land animals. so reptiles appeared for the first time. later, dinosaurs developed. however,

26、they suddenly disappeared. after that, mammals came into being. finally, humans 8 (appear) and spread all over the earth. however, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 9 (make) the earth too hot to live on. so, 10 life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come

27、 will depend on whether this problem can be solved.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1.knows2.widely3.exploded4.gases5.on6.it7.followed8.appeared9.making10.whetheraccording to . 根据；按照begin with . 以开始反义短语：end up with . 以结束it was the presence of water that allowed the earth to . 为强调句式，其结构为：it is/was 被强调

28、部分that剩余部分，判断方法为：将it is/was和that同时去掉，并适当调整语序，如果句意通顺且成分完整，则为强调句式；否则，则为其他从句。come into being 形成；产生随堂检测分钟.单句语法填空1the production is now 3 times it was ten years ago.答案：what2during those four years, he worked day and night, thus (improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.答案：improving3sometimes h

29、e found very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.答案：it4what makes me (puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.答案：puzzled5many household products are potentially (harm)答案：harmful6 we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is importan

30、t.答案：that7 (like) most people in the office, i dont come to work by car.答案：unlike8the argument remains extremely heated on whether there are necessary conditions of (exist), such as water, on mars.答案：existence9if our parents do everything for us, we wont learn to depend ourselves.答案：on/upon10the lim

31、its of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.答案：whether.教材微写作a根据提示完成句子1地球是火星的六倍大。(time; size) 答案：the earth is six times the size of mars.2我们能登陆火星吗？这完全取决于科学和技术的发展。(depend on) 答案：can we land on mars? it all depends on

32、 the development of science and technology.3火星上几乎没有氧气，这使生命存在成为不可能。(make; exist) 答案：there is almost no oxygen on mars, which makes it impossible for life to exist.4中午的温度可能在50度左右，而晚上的温度则在零下100度左右。这使得我们无法在那里生活。(prevent . from .) 答案：it might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below z

33、ero at night, which prevents us from living there.5既然火星与地球完全不同，如果我们计划有朝一日去火星的话，我们不得不带上我们自己的氧气、食物、衣服和住的地方。(now that) 答案：now that mars is quite different from the earth, if we are to go to mars one day, we have to take our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter with us.b将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：the earth is six times the size of mars. whether we can land on mars all depends on the development of science and technology. there is almost no oxygen on mars, which makes it impossible for life to exist. it might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 1