暑假九年级讲义十之形容词副词

1、 讲义十 形容词副词一 诊断性检测1. Which city has _population, Beijing, Guiyang or Xingyi?XIngyi, of course.A. the largest B. the smallest C. the most D. the least2. -You are relaxing yourself here?-Yes. It feels to walk slowly along the river.A. fantasticB. boring C. strangeD. terrible3. _exercise you take, _youl

2、l be.A. The fewer, the fatterB. The less, the fatterC. The less, the more fatter4. Peter is _ than you, right?来*源:中国教育出版&网Yes, but he is _ runner in our class. A. heavier; best B. heavy; the best C. heavier; the best D. heavy; better 5.His grandparents live _ in a small house, but they dont feel

3、 _来源:zzst&ep.co%mAlonely; aloneBalone; lonelyClonely; lonelyDalone; alone6.If there is _ pollution, the air in our city will bedirtier.Aless; moreBmore; muchCless; lessDmore; more中*国教&%育#出版网7.The_you work at your lessons, the_results you will get.A.hard; good B.harder; good C.hard; better D.

4、harder; better8. Do you know sound travels very fast?Yes. But light travels sound.A. as fast asB. a little faster than来源:中教#%网C. much faster thanD. slower than二、知识讲解知识点1形容词【考查点】形容词的基本特征1）定义：形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词。如： long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.2）用法：形容词常在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分如： He is a good

5、student.（定语） The trees turn green in spring. （表语）We must keep the classroom clean.（宾语补足语）【易错点】A.系动词be ,become , get , go , grow , turn, look , feel , smell ,sound , taste,seem. keep , stay , remain后常接形容词作表语如：He felt very happy. 他感到很高兴。 It was getting dark. 天开始黑了下来。B.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词。如：alone(单独的)，afra

6、id(害怕的)， asleep(睡着的)，alive(活着的)，awake(醒着的)，worth(值得的)，unable(不可能的)， ill(病的)。这些形容词只能作表语，不能作定语。C.当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. 如： Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ? 3) 形容词的构成：形容词常以ful 、ed、ing等结尾如：color-colorful, beauty-beautiful, care-careful, wonder-wonderful,

7、 thank-thankful, help-helpful, use-useful interesting, exciting, boring interested，excited, bored【易错点】A下列以-ly 结尾的形容词，不要错记为副词。lovely 可爱的friendly 友好的brotherly 兄弟般的lively 活泼的fatherly 慈父般的orderly 有秩序的sisterly 姐妹般的deadly 致命的lonely 孤独的likely 可能的beastly 野兽般的ugly 丑陋的B.一些与时间有关的以-ly结尾的词汇可以作形容词，也可以作副词：daily 每日

8、(的)，week ly 每周(的)，monthly 每月(的)，yearly 每年(的)，hourly 每小时(的)。C.有一些形容词不加-ly仍可作副词使用：late, early, hard, fast, straight, clean, clear, cheap, long, half等。判断这些词的词性要看它们在句 中所起的作用。如：I gave him a straight answer.我给了他一个直截了当的回答。(形容词) I gave him an answer straight.我直接给了他一个回答。(副词)D.加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写

9、事物。 如： We were excited when we heard the exciting news.4）形容词的位置形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般为“限定词（冠词、指示代词、人称代词所有格、名词所有格）序数词基数词描绘性形容词大小形状新旧年龄颜色国籍（产地）材料（用途）” 总结为: 县婿鸡苗大，刑令杀国才。“县”指限定词；“婿”指序数词；“鸡”指基数词；“苗”通“描”；“刑”即指形状；“令”指新旧年龄；“才”指材料。 如：these two funny big brown Russian bears“这两头憨态可掬的俄罗斯棕色

10、大熊”按a big vaulted hall 一个拱形大厅the beautiful small garden 漂亮的小花园 the charming little white girl 这个迷人的白人小姑娘5） the + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“的一种人”，“的一类东西或事情”。 如：The new will take the place of the old . （新事物将代替旧事物。） The young are fond of sports .(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)知识点2：副词【考查点】形容词的基本特征1）定义：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句

11、子的词，用以表示时间、地点 、状态或程度等。2）构成特征：一般以“ly”结尾。 如：carefully3）形容词变副词的规律a.以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。如：true-trulyb.辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。如：angry-angrilyc.单音节y结尾直接加ly。如：shy-shylyd.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。如：terrible-terriblyf.形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。【易错点】A.hard 的形容词、副词都为hard ，hardly意为“几乎不”的意思。如：She

12、is a hard worker. 她是一个工作十分勤奋的人。It's raining hard. 雨下得很大。He can hardly understang it ,can he ? 他几乎听不懂,不是吗?B.一般well为副词，但当well指“身体的好”时则为形容词。如:He speaks English well.他的英语说得好。(副词)She is very well. 她身体很好。（形容词）4）副词的种类副词一般分为 时间副词(today 今天，yesterday 昨天)、 程度副词（almost 几乎，enough 足够）、方式副词（slowly 慢慢地，fast 快快地

13、 ，carefully 仔细地，badly 糟糕地）、 频度副词（often 经常，always 总是，usually 通常，sometimes 有时，never 从不）等。 5）副词的用法副词一般在句中作状语、(主要用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、数词或全句)表语、宾语补足语.如： He is working hard on the problem.他正在努力解那道难题。(作状语,修饰动词)The boy is too young to it.这孩子还太小，做不了这件事。(作状语,修饰形容词)The girl swims quite far.这姑娘游得真远。(作状语,修饰副词)Class is

14、over. 下课。(作表语)When the young man got off the bus, he nearly knocked the child down . (作宾语补足语)那个年轻人下车时，差一点把这小孩撞倒。6）常见副词的用法区别A.ago与beforeago用于一般过去时，与表示一段时间的词或短语连用；before用于完成时，与表示点的时间连用。如：He came back an hour ago.他是一小时以前回来的。(不能用 before) She worked here in this factory 20 years ago.二十年以前她在这家工厂上班。(不用 bef

15、ore) They had already had their supper before I came back home.他们在我回到家以前已经吃完晚饭了。B.too 与 enough too 用于形容词或副词之前，表示“太，过分”；enough作副词使用时，经常放在被修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面。如：Don't eat too much sugar!别吃太多的糖!Is this water clean enough to drink?这水清洁得能饮用吗? Has he eaten enough?他吃够了吗?Your mother is not well enough.你妈妈的身

16、体恢复得还不够。C.much too 与 too much：much too 用于修饰形容词或副词，强调“实在”或“太”的语气；too much 用于修饰不可数名词，其本身也可以作代词或副词使用。如：It's much too expensive!这东西太贵了!The shoes are much too tight for me.这鞋我穿太小(紧)了。 The soup is much too salty!这汤太咸了。You drink too much!你喝酒喝得太多!D.so 与 such so 用于修饰形容词或副词，意为“如此地”；而such用于修饰名词(such 为形容词)，

17、意思是“如此的”。如：I've never read so interesting a book before.我以前从未看过这么有趣的书。 It's such a difficult problem that I have to do much to work it out. 这是一道如此难解的题，以致我得费很大力气才能把它做出来。【易错点】1).so 可以用于修饰many、much、few、little等与名词构成的短语，但such不可以这样使用。如：There's so little time left that we have to take a taxi to

18、 the r ailway station. 所余下的时间太少了，以致我们不得不乘出租车直接去火车站。 He is lonely and has so few friends.他很孤独，几乎没有什么朋友。2).so 与 such 口诀：名前such，形副 so，多多少少也用so。 little属特殊，“小”用 such，“少”用 so。如： Dont make so much noise! 别那么大声嚷嚷。He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。Ive never seen such little boxes.&

19、#160;我从未见过那样小的盒子。 E.quickly, fast 和 soon quickly 意思是指某一动作“迅速完成”，含有“从发生到结束毫不耽误”的意思；而 fast 则是强调某一运动速度之快；soon 的含义主要是指未来将要发生的动作(或状态)或是过去短时间之后发生的动作(或状态)。如：Don't drive so fast.不要(把车)开得这样快。 She speaks so fast that I don't catch her words.她说得如此之快以致我不知道她说的是什么。 The girl quickly picked up some gra

20、pes and handed them to us.那姑娘很快摘了一些葡萄递给了我们。 It will soon be twenty years since they came to work in Beijing.自从他们来到北京工作，转眼已快20年了。F.how often, how long 和 how soon这三个都是针对时间提问的疑问词组，但所提问的意义不同。how often 强调频率，即每隔多少时间进行一次，通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时。 答话经常是 once a week, twice a month, every other day, every two days 等。如

21、：-How often should I take this medicine?-Every four hours. -这种药我应该多长时间吃一次?-每隔四小时服一次。how soon 是指还要多长时间才能发生某一动作或达到某种状态，通常用于一般将来时， 回答经常用 in 组成的表示将来时间的介词短语。如：in two hours, in a few days 等。如：-How soon will they arrive here? -In 20 minutes. -他们还要多久才能到达这里? -20 分钟以后。how long 是强调某一动作或状态持续多长时间，通常用于完成时或持续性动词的一

22、般时 。通常的回答是 for a long time, for two hours 等。如：-How long have you been in America?-For two years.- -你在美国呆了多久? -两年。G.almost 与 nearly通常这两个词可以通用，都可以修饰名词形容词或动词，表示“几乎”，“差一点”。如：The woman is nearly/almost sixty.这位妇女将近 60 岁了。They nearly/almost caught that thief a moment ago.刚才他们差一点就把那个小偷抓住了。【易错点】1)当修饰不容易衡量其程

23、度的事物时，要用 almost 而不应该用 nearly。如：I almost agree with what you say.我差一点同意你所说的话。 She almost missed the flight.她差一点没赶上那班飞机。2)表示全部肯定或全部否定的词，如all, every, no, never, nothing, nobody, none 等可以用almost 修饰而不能用 nearly。如：Almost everybody in the class took part in the sports meet。几乎班上所有的人都参加了运动会。 Almost none of th

24、em agreed to this arrangement.几乎没有人同意这种按排。知识点3：形容词与副词的比较级和最高级多数的形容词和部分的副词可以分为原级、比较级和最高级三个等级来表示和区分程度的不同。1.形容词和副词等级的构成1)规则变化a.单音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。原级 比较级 最高级long longer longestshort shorter shortestclever cleverer cleverestfast faster fastesthard harder hardestb.以e结尾的形容词和副词，只加r构成比较级，加-st构成最高级。原

25、级 比较级 最高级 nice nicer nicest late later latest fine finer finestc.以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，要双写这个辅音字母再加-er 构成比较级，加-est 构成最 高级。原级 比较级 最高级hot hotter hottestfat fatter fattestthin thinner thinnestd.以辅音加 y 结尾的，改 y 为 I 再加-er 构成比较级，加-est 构成最高级。原级 比较级 最高级easy easier easiesthappy happier happiestlazy lazier lazieste.多音节

26、词和部分双音节词，在词的前面加 more 和 the most(副词最高级可不加 the)。原级 比较级 最高级beautiful more beautiful the most beautifulquickly more quickly most quicklycarefully more carefully most carefully2)不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good(well) better bestbad(badly,ill) worse worstmany(much) more mostlittle less leastfar farther(further) farthe

27、st(furthest)2.形容词与副词比较级与最高级的用法A.同级比较1)表示两者相同，用“as+原级+as”：如：You are as tall as I.你跟我一样高。He runs as quickly as a deer.他跑得像一只鹿一样快。2)表示前者不如后者，用“not as+原级+as”或“not so+原级+as”。如：He is not as serious at his study as he was before.他对学习不像以前那么认真了。He doesn't run so fast as a car.他不如汽车跑得快。3)表示前者与后者一样：“as+原级+

28、a(an)+名词(可数)+as”或“as+原级+名词(不可数)+as”。如：Tom is as good a player as his brother.汤姆像他的哥哥一样是个出色的运动员。 This is as hot a dish as the other.这道菜和那道菜一样辣。同级比较歌同级比较用原级口诀：asas 永不离。若是否定加not，asas加 not，只说两者有区别，soas加 not,后者总是强前者.B.比较级的用法.a.两者进行比较，用比较级.如：You are two years older than I.你比我大两岁。 The city Beijing has a la

29、rger population than any other cities in the north of China. 北京的人口比中国北方任何其他的城市都多。b.表示“越来越”，用“比较级+and+比较级”。如：The wind is blowing harder and harder.风刮得越来越大。 He stayed there and felt more and more hungry.他呆在那里觉得越来越饿c.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越是就越”。如：The sooner, the better.越快越好。 The higher he climbs, the col

30、der he feels.他越往高处爬，越觉得寒冷。 The more you read, the wiser you are.你读书越多，就越聪慧d比较级前的修饰语在比较级的前面经常使用much, still, even, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit等 词，以加强比较的程度和语气，使意思更加明确。如：He is much stronger than his father.他比他爸爸强壮得多。 Why don't you do it a little earlier?你何不早一点做这件事?C.最高级的用法 三者或三者以上进行比较，用最高级。

31、形容词最高级前必须加 the；副词的最高级不用加 the。其后可带 of 或 in 等短语(表明比较的范围)。如：The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。 Li Hong ran fastest of the players in the team.李红是队里的运动员中跑得最快的。【易错点】一些比较级句型也可以表示最高级。如：None of us is taller than him.我们之中没人比他高。(=He is the tallest of us.) Nothing is more important tha

32、n this.没有比这件事更重要的了。(=This is the most important thing of all.)D.几种特殊用法1)表示倍数：倍数+as+原级+as如：Our school is twice as big as yours.我们学校比你们学校大一倍。 This pair of shoes cost three times as much as that one.这双鞋花费了相当于那双三倍的钱。2)表示差数：数词+名词+比较级+than如：You are two kilos heavier than I.你比我重2公斤。 This computer is three

33、hundred yuan cheaper than yours.这台电脑比你的便宜了300元。3)表示“相同”：the same+名词+as如：This coat is the same size as that one.这件大衣与那件尺寸一样。We have the same weight.你与我的体重一样。4)表示不如：less+原级+than如：She jumps less high than Susan.她跳得不如苏姗高。She looks less beautiful than she used to.她看上去不如以前漂亮了。三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】 The doctor to

34、ld me_ too much but I find it difficult. The doctor is right. The less you drink, _ you will be.A. don't drink; the healthier B. not to drink; the healthierC. not to drink; the more healthier D. don't drink; healthier【答案】B 【解析】不定式与the+比较级的用法。tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，“the+比较级，the+

35、比较级”表示“越，越”。故选择B。 【例题2】【题干】 Mrs Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people _. A. friendly B. lovely C. happily D. lively【答案】C【解析】副词的用法。副词修饰动词放在动词后面作状语。friendly为形容词意为“友好的”，lovely为形容词意为“可爱的”，happily为副词意为“高兴的”，lively为形容词意为“活的”。根据句意可知用副词修饰动词smile，因此选C。此题较难。【例题3】【题干】 His grandparents live _ in a sm

36、all house, but they dont feel _. A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词alone; lonely用法。句意为“他的爷爷奶奶单独住在一个小房子里，但是并不感到孤独。”alone意为“单独一个人”; lonely“内心孤独的”。故选B。【例题4】【题干】What a careful boy you are!Thank you. In fact, Tom does everything _ than me. A. more carefully

37、 B. more careful C. much careful【答案】A【解析】考查比较级的用法。由句意“实际上，汤姆做某件事情都比我仔细”可以得知此处应该使用副词的比较级形式，故选A项。【例题5】【题干】Which city is your favorite? Hangzhou, of course. Its the _place that I want to visit. A. worse B. worst C. better D .best 【答案】 D 【解析】比较等级的用法。由句意：哪个是你最喜欢的城市？当然是杭州，它是我想参观的最好的城市。用最高级best。故选D。四、课堂演练1

38、.I didnt know you go to school by taxi.中国教&育出%版*网 Oh, I take a taxi to school, but my bike needs repairing.中国教*育%&出版网 A. always B. sometimes C. often D. seldom 2. The meat smells . Throw it away. A. well B. good C. badly D. bad来*&#源:中教网3. Can you pass my glasses to me, betty? I can _ see

39、 the words on the blackboard.A. really B. hard C. only D. hardly 4. Who listens _, Tom, Jack or Bill?来&源*:#中教网A. the most carefully B. more carefullyC. the most careful D. more careful5. Do you know sound travels very fast? Yes. But light travels sound.A. as fast asB. a little faster thanC. much

40、 faster thanD. slower than6. How will the boss be back? In these days.A. farB. soonC. longD. often7.I dont think fast food is good for our health, so I _ go to MacDonald. A. seldom B. always C. usually D. often 8. The population problem may be _one of the world today.A. the most B. most difficult C.

41、 the greatest D. more interesting9Tom is_ than any other players in the school teamAtall Btaller Ctallest Dmore tall10.This place is not big enough for Lucys birthday party. We should find a _ one. A. big B. small C. bigger D. smaller 11. This T-shirt is not large enough. Please show me a one. A. la

42、rge B. larger C. largest12.Peter has changed a lot, hasnt he?Yes. He used to the guitar, but now he is more in playing soccer.A. plays; interested B. play; interested C. play; interesting D. playing; interest13. Who listens _, Tom, Jack or Bill?来&源*:#中教网A. the most carefully B. more carefully C.

43、 the most careful D. more careful14 - What do you think of the 3D film the Thank last night? It Was _. I enjoyed ii a lot,A. boring B. wonderful C. strange D. terrible15. -It's summer now the weather is getting_. A. higher and higher B. lower and lower C. hotter and hotter D. colder and colder学1

44、6.The more you smile, the _ you will feel.A. happy B. happier C. happily D. more happily17.In the talent show, I performed well and Ann did even_.A.well B.better C.more D.worse 18. You are doing great! I've never had_ answer before.A. better B. best C. a better D. the best五经典易错1.The number of th

45、e students _ growing_. A is, lager and larger B. is more and more C. are, more and more D. are larger and larger2.Although he lived _ in a _mountain village, he didnt feel _ at all.A. alone; alone; lonely B. alone; lonely; lonelyC. lonely; lonely; alone D. lonely; alone; alone3.-Doctor, Im getting _

46、.-Well, youd better eat _ and take more exercise. A. fat and fatter; more B. fatter and fatter; fewer C. fatter and fat; less D. fatter and fatter; less六综合提升一、完形填空 (2015嘉兴中考）Gwondo was a trainer of dogs. He would go out every day with his dogs, to _ 16_them how to catch animals so all his tribe(部落)

47、could eat.Wherever Gwondo went, his tribe could see him away in the distance_ 17_ his whitehair would shine in the sunlight. The tribe_18_would say to their children, "See, there is Gwondo and his dogs, searching for_19_ for us all. " Gwondo went out hunting every day and always came_20_ w

48、ith much food. And all were very happy.Now Gwondo grew_ 21_ and as all humans do, one day he died. The tribe felt sad and cried many days and many nights _22_ one day the elders called to their children, " You have cried enough for Gwondo. Now it is time to_ 23 _ living. Go down to the beach an

49、d be happy. "The children ran down to the beach and looked out to sea. _24_ , they all looked at each other, then turned and ran back to their elders,_25_ , "Come quickly. Gwondo, he is back with us. He is out in the sea. " The elders hurried to the_26_ and said, "Yes! It is Gwon

50、do back! He is now a dolphin and lives in the sea. "Now whenever you see _ 27 _ dolphins in the sea, look for the big old dolphin. You will know him because be has a large white fin on _28_ back. He is Gwondo and he is training the young dolphins to chase(追逐)_ 29_ close to the beach so that his

51、 tribe can catch them.Gwondo is known to all the tribes _ 30 _ the east coast of Australia. They call him their sea dog.16. A. ask B. teach C. study D. advise17. A. before B. unless C. because D. although18. A. elders B. guards C. teachers D. visitors19. A. food B. waterC. oilD. salt20. A. downB. ou

52、tC. backD. about21. A. tallB. oldC. thinD. strong22. A. afterB. asC. sinceD. until23. A. depend on B. give upC. think aboutD. look after24. A. Finally B. HoweverC. AnywayD. Suddenly25. A. explaining B. warningC. answeringD. calling26. A. hillB. beachC. forestD. camp27. A. a group of B. a kind ofC. a

53、 pair ofD. a pool of28. A. its B. hisC. herD. my29. A. sheep B. fishC. dogsD. dolphins30. A. forB. inC. onD. above答案；16.B17.C18.A19.A20.C21.B22.D23.C24.D25.D 26.B27.A28.B29.B30.C二阅读理解 (2015嘉兴中考） Our NeedsPeople are different, but they all have the same needs. Needs are things people must have to live. Our bodies need food and water. We also need air to breathe. We need a place to live to keep us safe. We need clothes to keep us warm. If we did not have these things, we could