腹腔间隙影像解剖课件

1、1腹腔间隙影像解剖anatomy of the peritoneal spaces主要内容主要内容一、腹膜一、腹膜网膜网膜大网膜大网膜小网膜小网膜系膜系膜肠系膜肠系膜乙状结肠系膜乙状结肠系膜横结肠系膜横结肠系膜阑尾系膜阑尾系膜肝的韧带肝的韧带韧带韧带胃的韧带胃的韧带脾的韧带脾的韧带皱襞皱襞二、隐窝和陷凹二、隐窝和陷凹胃胰襞、肝胰襞胃胰襞、肝胰襞十二指肠上、下襞十二指肠上、下襞三、三、腹膜腔腹膜腔结肠上区结肠上区结肠下区结肠下区四、腹膜后间隙四、腹膜后间隙lessor omentumgreater omentum网 膜大网膜（greater omentum） l连接于胃大弯及横结肠之间，由四层腹

2、膜返折而成，前两层由胃大弯及十二指肠上段前后壁浆膜延续而成，呈围裙状下垂，遮盖横结肠、空回肠前面，而后返折向上附着于横结肠前后壁浆膜层，成人前两层与后两层通常愈着，形成连接胃大弯及横结肠的胃结肠韧带胃结肠韧带l当腹腔发生感染时，炎性分泌物能刺激大网膜粘连包绕感染器官，限制炎症蔓延，局限感染范围，避免弥漫性腹膜炎；手术有时也将大网膜覆盖在肝的断面、胃穿孔缝合处、十二指肠断端，以促进其愈合。胃结肠韧带胃结肠韧带小网膜小网膜（lesser omentum） l分为左、右两部分，左侧部从膈、肝静脉韧带裂连于胃小弯，成为肝肝胃韧带胃韧带；右侧部从肝门连于十二指肠上部，成为肝十二指肠韧带肝十二指肠韧带（内

3、有进入肝门的三个重要结构，胆总管、肝固有动脉、门静脉）l小网膜右侧游离，其后方为网膜孔网膜孔系膜系膜 肠系膜肠系膜 阑尾系膜阑尾系膜 横结肠系膜横结肠系膜 乙状结肠系乙状结肠系膜膜肝的韧带肝的韧带 镰状韧带镰状韧带是双层腹膜结构，联系肝脏与前腹壁及膈肌，镰状韧带在膈肌连接处向两侧分开包绕肝裸区，其左层向左延续为左冠状韧带上层左冠状韧带上层，并继续延续为左三角韧带左三角韧带，其右层延续为右冠状韧带上层右冠状韧带上层，并继续向右下延续为右三角韧带右三角韧带，右三角韧右三角韧带下层带下层越过下腔静脉形成小网膜右小网膜右叶叶，然后在尾状叶前方呈半圆形绕过，左三角韧带下层左三角韧带下层延续为小网膜小网膜

4、左叶左叶 肝脏三处未被腹膜覆盖的区域肝肝裸区裸区、胆囊床、肝门胆囊床、肝门是与膈腹膜、小网膜及韧带连接处 肝胃韧带肝胃韧带及肝十二指肠韧带肝十二指肠韧带ligaments of liver 胃的韧带胃的韧带 肝胃韧带肝胃韧带如前所述如前所述 胃脾韧带胃脾韧带联系胃底和脾门的双联系胃底和脾门的双层腹膜，其内包含胃短动脉及胃层腹膜，其内包含胃短动脉及胃网膜左动脉网膜左动脉 胃膈韧带胃膈韧带由胃底后面连至膈下由胃底后面连至膈下的双层腹膜结构，两层间相距较的双层腹膜结构，两层间相距较远，形成远，形成胃裸区胃裸区 胃结肠韧带胃结肠韧带如前所述如前所述 胃胰韧带胃胰韧带由胃幽门窦后壁至胰由胃幽门窦后壁至胰

5、头、颈及颈与体的移行部的腹膜头、颈及颈与体的移行部的腹膜皱襞皱襞ligaments of stomach hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带肝胃韧带gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带胃脾韧带gastrophrenic ligament 胃膈韧带胃膈韧带gastrocolic ligament 胃结肠韧带胃结肠韧带gastropancrestic ligament 胃胰韧带胃胰韧带脾的韧带脾的韧带 胃脾韧带胃脾韧带如前所述如前所述 脾肾韧带脾肾韧带是自脾门至左肾前面是自脾门至左肾前面的双层腹膜结构，内含胰尾及脾的双层腹膜结构，内含胰尾及脾血管、淋巴结构和神

6、经丛等。血管、淋巴结构和神经丛等。 膈脾韧带膈脾韧带由脾肾韧带向上延伸由脾肾韧带向上延伸至膈，此韧带很短至膈，此韧带很短 脾结肠韧带脾结肠韧带位于脾前端和结肠位于脾前端和结肠左曲之间，此韧带也很短左曲之间，此韧带也很短ligaments of spleen gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带胃脾韧带 splenorenal ligament 脾肾韧带脾肾韧带 phrenicosplenic ligament 膈脾韧带膈脾韧带 splenocolic ligament 脾结肠韧带脾结肠韧带皱 襞 胃胰襞和肝胰襞胃胰襞和肝胰襞 胃胰襞胃胰襞是胃左动脉从腹后壁走向胃小弯时形成的腹

7、膜皱襞分隔网膜囊中间部及侧部 肝胰襞肝胰襞是肝总动脉或肝固有动脉从腹后壁向前进入小网膜时所形成的腹膜皱襞 十二指肠上、下襞十二指肠上、下襞folds and recesses of posterior abdominal wallnsuperior duodenal fold and recess 十二指肠上襞和上隐窝十二指肠上襞和上隐窝ninferior duodenal fold and recess 十二指肠下襞和下隐窝十二指肠下襞和下隐窝nintersigmoid recessintersigmoid recess 乙状结肠间隐窝乙状结肠间隐窝formed by the inverte

8、d v attachment of sigmoid mesocolon nretrocecal recess 盲肠后隐窝盲肠后隐窝阑尾常位于其中nhepatorenal recess 肝肾隐窝肝肾隐窝位于肝右后叶与右肾及结肠肝曲之间，是仰卧位腹腔最低点pouches nin malerectovesical pouch 直肠膀胱陷窝直肠膀胱陷窝nin female qrectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷窝直肠子宫陷窝between rectum and uterus qvesicouterine pouch 膀胱子宫陷窝膀胱子宫陷窝between bladder and uteru

9、s 为腹盆腔积液和为腹盆腔积液和肿瘤种植转移的肿瘤种植转移的好发部位好发部位结肠上区（膈下间隙）结肠上区（膈下间隙）右膈下腹膜外间隙（肝裸区）右膈下腹膜外间隙（肝裸区）左膈下腹膜外间隙（胃裸区）左膈下腹膜外间隙（胃裸区）肝周间隙肝周间隙右肝上间隙左肝上后间隙左肝上间隙左肝上前间隙右肝下间隙肝下间隙肝上间隙左肝下间隙左肝下前间隙左肝下后间隙（网膜囊网膜囊）肝脏肝脏左三角韧带左三角韧带镰状韧带镰状韧带肝圆韧带肝圆韧带胃及小网膜胃及小网膜肝周间隙相互沟通，其中小网膜分隔右肝下间隙和网肝周间隙相互沟通，其中小网膜分隔右肝下间隙和网膜囊，网膜囊仅借网膜孔（膜囊，网膜囊仅借网膜孔（the foramen

10、of winslowthe foramen of winslow）与腹腔交通与腹腔交通perihepatic spacesperihepatic spacesperihepatic spacesperihepatic spaces网膜囊借网膜网膜囊借网膜孔与腹腔相通孔与腹腔相通 境界：前方为肝十二指肠韧肝十二指肠韧带带，后方为覆盖下腔静脉下腔静脉的腹膜，上界为肝尾状叶肝尾状叶，下界为十二指肠上部十二指肠上部网膜孔网膜孔网膜囊网膜囊 位置：位置：位于小网膜和胃的后方 境界：境界：前壁前壁由上而下依次为小网膜、胃后壁腹膜和大网膜前两层；下壁下壁为大网膜前两层与后两层返折处；后壁后壁由下而上依次为大

11、网膜后两层、横结肠及其系膜、覆盖胰、左肾、左肾上腺的腹膜；上壁上壁为膈下面的腹膜，此处肝尾状叶自右侧套入网膜囊内形成网膜囊上隐窝；左界左界为胃脾韧带、脾和脾肾韧带；右界右界为网膜孔四部分：四部分：网膜孔所对的前庭部前庭部；胃胰襞以上为上隐窝上隐窝，位于小网膜与膈之间，内有尾状叶套入；沿胰体伸向左后上方达脾门部分为脾隐窝脾隐窝；下隐窝下隐窝位于胃胰襞以下，在胃与胰及横结肠系膜之间。1 = peritoneal reflection of cava forming roof of foramen of winslow; 2= peritoneal reflection of cava adjace

12、nt to bare area of right hepatic lobe; 3 =medial segment of left inferior coronary ligament; 4 = peritoneum of ligamentum teres; 5 = gastrophrenic ligament; 6 = gastrosplenic ligament; 7 = splenorenal ligament; 8 = transverse mesocolon; lesser saclesser sacct scan shows fluid in the superior (*) and

13、 splenic (s s) recesses of lesser sac outlining the gastropancreatic fold (arrowhead).肝裸区肝裸区v 于第一肝门以上平面，可见此间隙位于冠状韧带上、下层于第一肝门以上平面，可见此间隙位于冠状韧带上、下层之间。之间。“肝右后上间隙肝右后上间隙”是不存在的，由于肝裸区存在，是不存在的，由于肝裸区存在，腹腔积液不能到达脊柱旁，可与胸腔积液区别。腹腔积液不能到达脊柱旁，可与胸腔积液区别。肝周积液与胸腔积液鉴别肝周积液与胸腔积液鉴别右肝上前间隙积液右肝上前间隙积液右侧胸腔积液右侧胸腔积液胃裸区胃裸区bare area

14、of stomachbare area of stomach 是否侵犯胃裸区是胃癌预后的影响因素之一infracolic compartments 结结肠下区肠下区 位于横结肠及横结肠系膜以下 nright paracolic sulcus (gutter) 右结肠旁沟右结肠旁沟位于升结肠旁，是联系肝肾隐窝和盆腔的通路；感染可通过此途径传播，如膈下脓肿可经此沟流入右髂窝和盆腔，阑尾化脓时也可向上蔓延至肝下nleft paracolic sulcus (gutter) 左结肠旁沟左结肠旁沟位于降结肠旁，上缘由左膈结肠韧带（the phrenicocolic ligament）与结肠上区分隔, 因

15、此左结肠旁沟积液只能向下流入盆腔nright mesenteric sinus 右右肠系膜窦肠系膜窦为一三角形间隙，位于为一三角形间隙，位于肠系膜根部、升结肠及右肠系膜根部、升结肠及右 2/3 2/3 横横结肠及其系膜之间，其下方有回肠结肠及其系膜之间，其下方有回肠末端阻隔，近乎封闭，当此窦有炎末端阻隔，近乎封闭，当此窦有炎症时，不易扩散，易形成肠间脓肿症时，不易扩散，易形成肠间脓肿或局限性腹膜炎或局限性腹膜炎nleft mesenteric sinus 左左肠系膜窦肠系膜窦为向下开口的斜方形，为向下开口的斜方形，位于肠系膜根部、降结肠、左位于肠系膜根部、降结肠、左 1/3 1/3 横结肠及其

16、肠系膜之间，左肠系膜横结肠及其肠系膜之间，左肠系膜窦可向下越过小骨盆口通入盆腔，窦可向下越过小骨盆口通入盆腔，因此此窦内感染易蔓延入盆腔因此此窦内感染易蔓延入盆腔n上下流通，左沟不畅，右窦封闭，上下流通，左沟不畅，右窦封闭，左入盆腔。左入盆腔。腹膜后隙腹膜后隙retroperitoneal spaceretroperitoneal space 定义：位于腹后壁壁腹膜与定义：位于腹后壁壁腹膜与腹内筋膜之间，上界为腹内筋膜之间，上界为膈膈，下至下至骶骨岬骶骨岬，两侧向外延伸，两侧向外延伸为腹前外侧壁的腹膜外筋膜，为腹前外侧壁的腹膜外筋膜，该间隙感染可上经腰肋三角该间隙感染可上经腰肋三角可通到后纵隔

17、，下与盆腔的可通到后纵隔，下与盆腔的腹膜后隙相续。腹膜后隙相续。 组成：肾旁前间隙；肾周间组成：肾旁前间隙；肾周间隙；肾旁后间隙隙；肾旁后间隙肾周间隙肾周间隙 肾周间隙上方肾周间隙上方右侧通向肝裸区；左侧通向左膈下腹膜外间隙 肾周间隙下方肾周间隙下方通向下腹部及盆腔腹膜外间隙（髂窝） 双侧肾周间隙之间双侧肾周间隙之间肾门及肠系膜上动脉平面以下肾前间隙相交通，以上不交通retroperitoneal spaceretroperitoneal space病病 例例 网膜囊病变网膜囊病变 腹膜病变腹膜病变 非肿瘤性腹腔积液：漏出液、炎非肿瘤性腹腔积液：漏出液、炎性渗出、血肿、胆漏、尿漏性渗出、血肿、

18、胆漏、尿漏 良性肿瘤良性肿瘤a.a.恶性肿瘤恶性肿瘤fig. 5.-delineation of lesser sac anatomy by ascites. a, patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. fluid within lesser and greater peritoneal cavities outlines gastrosplenic ligament, which is seen to contain fat and opacified blood vessels.in this patient, ligament is redundant an

19、d forms several ruffles (arrows). b, patient with carcinoma of pancreatic tail. malignant ascitic fluid outlines gastrosplenic ligament (arrows). short, rudimentary splenorenal ligament is identifled because it contains proximal part of splenic vein, opacified by contrast mediuma，lambdashaped fluid

20、collection (arrows) adjacent to caudate lobeb, abscess (arrow) from pancreatitis contains numerous gas bubblesfig. 4.-medial displacement of stomach by pseudocyst in lateral compartment of lesser sac. pseudocyst is interposed between contrast-filled stomach,gastrosplenic ligament (arrow), and spleen

21、 fig. 7.-perforation of posterior-wall gastric ulcer into lateral compartment of lesser peritoneal sac. lesser sac fluid collection (arrow) interposed between stomach, pancreatic tail, and spleen. no evidence of fluid within greater peritoneal cavity.fig. 8.-spontaneous fistula (arrow) between jejun

22、al loop and pancreatic pseudocyst located within lateral compartment of lesser peritoneal sac. gas = fluid level within pseudocyst. followup study 4 weeks later showed nearly complete resolution of pseudocyst.fig. 9.-pancreatic cavernous lymph hemangioma that occupies lateral compartment of lesser p

23、eritoneal sac. a, tumor (t) interposed between contrast-filled stomach, which it displaces medially. spleen. and gastrosplenic ligament (arrow).b, several centimeters lower at level of pancreas.tumor (t) arises from pancreas, immediately vantral to opacified splenic vein. s sarcoidosisit shows irreg

24、ularly enhancing omental soft tissue (arrows) secondary to sarcoidosis.hemoperitoneum55-year-old woman with intraperitoneal subacute hematoma. a and b show subacute blood,best seen in perihepatic space (arrows). hemoperitoneum48-year-old man with infected intraperitoneal hematoma. ac, t2-weighted im

25、age (a) and t1-weighted images (b) and (c) contrasteded image show linear smooth peritoneal enhancement, with presence of intraperitoneal blood-intensity signal.b bile leakt1-weighted images 1 hr after iv administration of mangafodipir trisodium show hyperintense perihepatic fluid denoting bile leak

26、. .peritoneal neoplasmsbenign tumors these lesions include lipomas, neurofibromas, and other mesenchymal tumors.39-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1m mesenteric cystmalignant tumorsperitoneal metastasesperitoneal carcinomatosis is typically manifested by enhancing peritoneal nodules or a

27、rind of enhancing perihepatic soft tissue.44-year-old woman with metastases from ovarian cancermalignant tumorsperitoneal metastasesp peritoneal pseudomyxomamalignant tumorsct scan shows gastric carcinoma invading the gastrocolic ligament . .malignant tumorsa a，small bowel mesentery in a patient wit

28、h non-hodgkin lymphoma. b b，small bowel mesentery in a patient with carcinomatosis. ct scan shows masses in the small bowel mesentery (m) and rightparacohic gutter (*).malignant tumorsperitoneal m mesothelioma58-year-old man with mesothelioma.ab b, grere out-of-phase image (a) and enhanced t1-weighted image (b ) show enhancing large mass (arrows, a and b), representing mesothelioma,which is entangling bowel loops.malignant tumorsmesenter