高考英语语法归纳突破

1、GRAMMARContents总纲 (1.句子成分 2.句子种类 3.数词 4.主谓一致 5.插入语) (Page 1- Page 5)专项一 冠词 (Page 5- Page 7) 专项二 代词 (Page 7- Page 10)专项三 形容词与副词 (Page 10- Page 13)专项四 名词与介词 (Page 13- Page 16)专项五 动词 (Page 16- Page 18)专项六 时态与语态 (Page 18- Page 20)专项七 非谓（ing分词, ed分词, 不定式） (Page 20- Page 25)专项八 情态动词与虚拟语气 (Page 25- Page 28

2、)专项九 名词从句和定语从句 (Page 29- Page 33)专项十 连词 (Page 33- Page 36)专项十一 特殊句型 (Page 36- Page39)专项十二 交际 (Page 39- Page 40)总纲(一)Parts of sentences（句子成分）1.主语 I love you.（主语从句）2.谓语 He went away.3.宾语 I love you.（宾语从句）4.表语 He is a teacher.（表语从句）5.补语 (1)宾语补足语 He asked me to leave.(2)主语补足语 I was asked to leave.6.定语 H

3、e is a good teacher.（定语从句）7.状语 He went abroad yesterday.（状语从句）8.同位语 Mr. Lee, our teacher, is coming.（同位语从句）9.插入语 By the way, he will go to school.(二)Kinds of sentences（句子种类）I.简单句(五种构成方式)1.主谓（主语+不及物动词） They danced happily.2.主谓宾（主语+及物动词+宾语）Mr. Green bought some food from the supermarket.3.主系表（主语+连系动词+

4、表语） (必须记住五组连系动词) They are all great scientists.4.主谓双宾（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）wish,offer,promise,owe, envy, teach, give,lend,send,pay,cost,show, tell,buy,get,hand,write, pass,sing I wish you a happy new year.(1)间接宾语后置,我们可以通过加入介词(to或for)来将间接宾语后置。Please lend me some money. = Please lend some money to me.Mom

5、 bought the baby a computer. = Mom bought a computer for the baby.(2)当两个宾语都是代词时，通常将间接宾语后置。Give it to me.(3)以下动词不跟双宾explain, complain, say, whisper, murmur to sb. sth. (4) 以下动词不跟双宾，有ofrob sb. of sth. warn sb. of sth. remind sb. of sth. inform sb. of sth. (5) 注意以下动词 sth. remains of sth. expect sth. of

6、 sb.5.主谓宾宾补（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (宾语的动作或状态) ）(1)形容词做宾语补足语使make sb.ill, drive sb.mad, leave sth.open, cut sth.short, tear sth.open, keep sb. busyfind sth.beautiful, think sth.(to be)good , believe sb.(to be) honest, He threw the fox to the ground dead.(2)名词或名词短语做宾语补足语make n. n, leave n. n, choose n. n.,

7、elect n. n, call n. n., name n. n.I cant understand why people elected him President.(3)非谓做宾语补足语只须记住感观动词和使役动词的短语（见23页4,5）(4)当宾语为动词不定式,从句或-ing结构并有宾语补足语时,常用it做形式宾语。 They found it impossible to finish the work in such a short time. His parents thought it strange that their son hadnt written to them for

8、 too long. They found it interesting being back at school again.II.并列句：两个或以上简单句用分号, - 或并列连词连接。必须记住七个并列连词(见33页) (1)He is young, and he is good. (2)He is young ; he is good(3)Try some of this juice-perhaps you'll like it.(4)(Make) Greater efforts, and you will succeedIII.主从复合句：两个或以上简单句用从句连词连接。If i

9、t doesnt rain, Ill go to school tomorrow. I made a promise that if he came, I would beat him. IV.并列复合句:He has to work hard, and if he doesnt work hard, his parents will cry. (三)Numeral（数词）I.分数1.普通分数one third, two thirds, a half, a quarter, 3 quarters + of 2.百分数(1)thirty percent+ of百分之三十的 (2)the rest

10、 of其余的3.具体分数one in four=one out of four四个中的一个II.基数词 1.一般基数词one, two, three2.单位基数词dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion用法 (1)three dozen eggs, many dozon eggs (2)dozens of, scores of, tens of, millions of, billions of, tens of thousands of(3)three of us, many of them(4)two of those boys,

11、three dozen of the eggs, a good many of their studentsIII.序数词1.first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, hundredth 2.用法the Second Lesson=Lesson Two IV.数词短语1.every few days 每几天2.every other day=every two days=every second day每两天(每隔一天)3.every three days=every third day每三天(每隔两天)4.

12、enough>plenty of + Ns/Nu 足够的，许多的5.lots of=a lot of=a mass of=masses of=a quantity of=quantities of+ Ns/Nu 许多的6.a number of=a good (great) many=many +Ns=many a + Nc许多的7.a great deal of=a large amount of+ Nu许多的8.a variety of=different kinds of 各种各样的9.the majority of大多数的=most (of the), the minority

13、of少数的 V.英语没有量词 on his first visit to China(四)Agreement（主谓一致）I.用and连接两个名词1.表示两个人或物 A and B +are, both A and B +are2.表示一个人或物(1)The famous singer and dancer is coming. (2)Every (each/no) boy and every (each/no) girl is good.3. one + n.+or two=one or two+ n.s +are 注意: n. 为时间, 距离是动词只用单数 one and a half+复数

14、名词+isII.A介B以A为主 He as well as his friends is going abroad.III.All单独做主语1.指人 All but one were here just now. 2.指物 All he has done is right.IV.集体名词audience, crew, crowd, population, family, class, group, team, staff1.强调整体 My class is a good one. 2.强调人 My class are singing a song.V.二合一名词compasses, trous

15、ers, glasses, scissors, chopsticks,1.单独做主语 My trousers are new.2.有a pair of 修饰，则以pair为主 A pair of new glasses is what I want for my birthday.VI.非谓或从句做主语时指一件事用单数，指两件事以上用复数1.动名词Reading and writing are most difficult for students in learning English.2.不定式When and where to meet is not decided. 3.主语从句Wha

16、t I love and what I hate are none of your business.VII. the加形容词或分词表示一类 The old are wise.the old, the dying垂死者, the employing雇佣者, the employed被雇佣者, the police ,the Chinese , the English, the French VIII.分数以中心名词为主 The rest of the students are fond of computer games.IX.靠近原则 1.There be There is a book a

17、nd two pens on the desk.2.平行词组(见33页) Not only Tom but also his parants are kind to me.3.A or B One boy or his friends are to come.注意： Two hours or more is enough.X.Time/Money/Distance+is 1.One hundred years is a long time. 2.One million dollars is a large sum.3.Two thousand miles is a long way.XI.倒装

18、句的主谓一致要认准主语1.Between the two windows hangs a picture.2. Such are my friends.XII.固定词组1.One of his books is very good.He is one of the boys who like English. (定语从句) He is the (only)one of the boys who likes English. (定语从句)2.a quantity of Ns/Nu +is, large quantities of Ns/Nu +are a number of+ Ns+ are,

19、the number of +Ns +is an amount of Nu+ is, large amounts of Nu+ are 3.one and a half apples +is=one apple and a half +is 4.more than one +is 5.many a boy +is 6.we each +are=each of us +is7.加减乘除算式+is8 The 2008 Olympic Games are to be held in Beijing.9.This kind of man is good.= Men of this kind are g

20、ood.10.My collection of stamps is very wonderful.(五)插入语1.(much) to ones surprise=to ones (great) surprise (delight /knowledge/excitement)2.otherwise=or else否则or3.nevertheless然而while4.therefore=thus=as a result因此so=and so5.however=still>though但是anyway=anyhow=regardless无论如何6.so(as) far as I can/kno

21、w/see就我所能/知/见 so(as) far as sb./sth. is concerned就而言 7.also=again=besides=in addition=whats more=moreover=more than that另外(in the) meanwhile(meantime)=at the same time同时further more进一步(甚至)even甚至8.on one handon the other hand=for one thingfor another (thing)=firstlysecondly （可互换）一方面,另一方面9.instead=rat

22、her=in turn相反on the contrary从反方面看 10.as a matter of fact=in (actual) fact =actually实际上11.to make matters worse= whats worse still=whats worse= worse still=worse than that更糟的12.in that case在那种情况下in case以防万一in case (that)万一in case of万一 under that condition在那种条件下on condition that如果13.in general一般地-in p

23、articular特别地 on the whole整体上 in detail细节上in common共同 in short简言之 in a word总而言之 14.after all毕竟(终究), at all(1)一点都不(2)究竟, above all最重要的是, first先(then然后) first of all=firstly第一(secondly其次 ), at first起初, (all) in all=altogether=in total总共 15.finally=eventually =in the end<at last最后/终于 16.nowadays=for

24、the time being=at present=presently现在17.(ever)after (that)=afterwards=from then on=later(on)那以后 +did(ever) since (then)那以后 +have(had) done18.suddenly=all of a sudden=all at once突然in a flash刹那间(一瞬间) 19.on earth=in the world(1)究竟(2)在世界上, on the earth在地球上, in the earth在地里 20.namely=or(+N)即that is (to s

25、ay )= in other words =ie换言之or=or rather.确切地说21.generally /frankly /honestly (speaking)一般/坦白/诚实（说）22.as a saying goes有谚语说23.more often (than not)=in most cases=for the most part多半/大多数情况下24.for example=for instance例如25.and so on=and so forth=etc.等等 专项一Article（冠词）I.灵活用法；冠词用法有 a(n), the, x (零冠词)三种；表类指，特

26、指，泛指。1.类指: (1)可数名词有三种形式表示一类: the horse, a horse, horses 1) the指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.2) a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across.3)复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。Children usually start walking at arou

27、nd one year old. (2)不可数名词的原形表示一类：weather绝对不可数, water物质名词, success抽象名词(3)民族词汇前用the表示一类The Chinese are a hard-working people.The Americans are friendly.The English (The Englishmen) use a knife and fork in their meals.The French (The Frenchmen) are romantic.2.特指和泛指: the 用于一切名词之前可表示特指(1)单数可数名词的冠词1) a +N

28、c: a telephone 电话；一部电话（泛指）2) the +Nc: the telephone 电话；这部电话（特指）；电话(科技产品)e.g. Edison invented the phone (科技产品). I need a phone (一类), so I have bought a phone(泛指), but the phone doesnt work (特指).(2)复数名词的冠词1) the +Ns: the books这些书（特指）2) x +Ns: books书（泛指）e.g. I have bought books (泛指), and the books (特指)

29、 are very good.(3)不可数名词的冠词1)绝对不可数和物质名词一定不用a/an2)抽象名词加a/an表具体一人一事: a success, a pleasure, a surprise, a shocke.g. Our school is a success (一事), and our headmaster is a success (一人).II.固定用法：1.固定短语(1)in peace, in trouble, in office, in use, in power, by law, by nature, by habit, by lettere(2)on (over)

30、th radio, on TV, on the Internet, on (over) the phone, in newspapers, on posters(3) in (the) face of 在面对时, in the habit of doing习惯干, in the hope of doing希望干(4) in honor of向表示敬意>in memory of为了纪念in time of, in danger of, in need of (5) in charge of掌管, in the charge of 被掌管; in possession of拥有, in th

31、e possession of被拥out of question不成问题, out of the question不可能(6)in public在公共场合, the public公众(7)in doing sth.=in the doing of sth.在干时 in playing football=in the playing of football(8)a (long) time, a long way=a long distance=long distanceshave a good time, have a good knowledge of, have a good underst

32、anding ofhave a large collection of, have a good supper, have a great interest in sth.have a population of, have an area of, have a responsibility towards sth.2.职务名词： (1)强调职位不用冠词Mr Smith, president of Beijing University, will come to our school. (2)强调人按照普通可数加冠词The president is coming. A president wa

33、s killed in the war. 3.属性名词: kindergarten,school, college, university, hospital, church, prison, bed, table, town(1)My baby goes to school everyday. (属性)(2)The school is very beautiful. (物体) There is a school by the river. (地点)4.专有名词 (1)普通名词构成的专有名词前有the ：the Great Wall , the Summer Palace 注意：(1)山河th

34、e Emei Mountain=Mount Emei (2)单位 Beijing University5.国家，省市 (1) in China (Beijing) (2)in the China (Being) of today (3)a modern China (Beijing)注意：城,镇,岛屿: the city of Chongqing=Chongqing City, the island of Taiwan=Taiwan Island 6.节日: (1)国际性节日不用冠词 Womens Day (2)中国特有节日用定冠词the Spring Festival 7.东西南北 (1)名

35、词时用定冠词He lives in the east (n.),(2)副词时不用冠词He is walking west (ad.).8.具体时期the Tang Dynasty唐朝, the Spring and Autumn Period春秋时期, in the 1990s在年代, 注意：in ones teens 在十几岁时, in ones fifties在五十几岁时 9.姓名Mr. Green格林先生, a Mr. Green一个叫 (象) 格林先生的人, the Greens格林一家人 注意：Greens 格林的家, the Greens 格林一家人的家10.接触人体物体的部位必须

36、用定冠词thecatch sb by the arm, take sb by the hand, pat sb on the head, hit sb in the face wound sb. in the leg, injure sb. on the head, hit a car on the back11.以某一方面计by time, by weight以具体单位计by the hour, by the pound 12.最高级(1)单音节形容词 the tallest boy, the best boy(2)多音节形容词the most interesting最, most inte

37、resting非常, a most interesting book非常13.(1)come out first得第一; Finish your work first.首先; the first 第一(2)come out last; last week上周; the last week最后一周(3)come out second; a second book=another另外; the second book第14.必须用定冠词 the same, the only, the following, the rest 其余的,have a rest 休息15.倍数half an hour,

38、half the sky16.常考a, an, one之区别(1)an hour, an honor, an honest boy ;(2)a university, a useful book, a European countryThere is a “u” and an “n” in the word unhappy. (3)I have only one book.(强调数量)17.语言Chinese =the Chinese language, German grammar 18.某年in 2000=in the year 200019.某月in October,2000 = in

39、the October of 2000 20.春夏秋冬in summer, in the summer of 1998, a hot summer 21.星球，世界the sun, a red sun, in the world, a new world 22.历史in history, in the history of our school, have a history og23.社会in society社会上, in the old society在旧社会, in a society that在一个的社会24.运动paly football, a football, the footb

40、all 25.音乐活动play the piano, a piano, the piano 26.距离in the distance, at a distance of 5 kilometers 27.部分be part of, be an important part of, for the most part=more often=in most cases多半play a part in, take part in, take an active part in28.种类a kind of book一种书, the kind of book这种书 2 kinds of books两种书,

41、 2 kinds of the books 这些书中的两种29.two of us我们中两个人, the two of us我们两个人30.with a book in her hand=book in hand 专项二Pronoun（代词）I.“另外”和“其余”1.“另外”两表格三者以上单数 another + N=a second +N=one more +N=one other + Nc 三者以上复数 other +Ns=others 两者单数 the other +N. 两者复数 the other +Ns=the others 短语(1)一个另一个onethe other两者, on

42、e another三者, one and one 两/三者一些另一些some others (other + Ns) (2)另外几个 another two boys=two other boys=two more boys=two boys more (3)互相 each other=one another (4)每隔一every other day; 每几every few days不定代词之后something, someone, somewhere + else 疑问词之后 what, who, where, when + else所有格 someone elses 2.其余the r

43、est（整体中的剩余部分） I have done much of the work. Could you please finish the rest in two days?II.不定代词1.两者: both 都 either 之一 neither都不 三者: all所有 every所有,each之一,any(任何一),some(某一) none 都不 2.所有人 everybody=everyoneevery one of us ;所有事everything 某人 somebody=someonesome one of us ;某事something 任何人 anybody=anyone

44、any one of us ;任何事anything 3.no one (nobody)没有人none没有人/没有事(强调数量)nothing没有事(强调一无所有)(1)None of us like football.(2)How many like football? Nobody(No one).主语人(3)How many friends do you have at school? None.宾语人(4)There are many books here, but none is mine.主语物(5)Can you lend me some money? None.宾语物(6)I

45、know nothing about you except that you are American.一无所有短语 (1)anyone but+sb., anything but+sth. 决不 (2)no one but+sb, none but+sb, nothing but+sth. 只有(3)all but=almost几乎4.no=not a ; no=not any(1) I have no book.=I have not a book. (2) I have no books.=I have not any books.5.表数量的代词(1)little几乎没有, a lit

46、tle=a bit (of)=a little bit(of)一点, much, how much + Nu(2)few几乎没有, a few几个 (少)several几个(多), many, how many +Ns(3)一些some (肯定语气), any (否定疑问语气) +Ns/ Nu用法 (1)so few (little/many/much) + n. (少少多多); such little boys如此小的男孩(2)not a little很多, not a bit一点都不(3)only(just) a little(few)只有几个, quite a little(few)相当

47、多6.完全肯定 all, every, both: All of us like football.完全否定 none, neither: None of us like football.部分否定 not all,every, both, always=all, every, both, always notNot all of us like football. = All of us dont like football.III.人称代词1.排序 (1)You, he and I are good friends. (2) I, he and you will be punished b

48、y our teacher.2.用法 (1) Everyone is sure to try their best. (2)Those who want to go abroad please raise your hands.Those who want to go abroad will try their best.VI.反身代词1.主语同位语 He himself went there.2.宾语(主宾一致) I hate myself.短语 (1)enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun玩得高兴(2)think to onself=say to o

49、neself自言自语(3)oneself 亲自,for oneself 1)亲自,2)为自己,of oneself1)自动,2)主动,by oneself独自VII.限定词 (三种) 用法：只用一个: my best friend(1) ones: my,your,his,her,its,their,our (2)冠词a, an, the (3)指示代词 this, that, these, thoseVIII.It的用法1.代词it: (1)代名词： it 同一单数 There is only one bike in the shop, so I dont want it.they/ the

50、m 同一复数 Some boys are coming. They are my friends.one 同类泛指单数 He has many toys, so I also want one.the one 同类特指单数 Is this factory the one you visited last year?ones 同类泛指复数 Bridges made of stone are stronger than ones of wood.that : (1)同类特指不可数 Life in Beijing is higher than that in Chongqing. (2)同类特指单数

51、 He told me his story and that of his sister.the onethose (the ones) 同类特指复数 The streets in Beijing are wider than those in Chongqing.(2)代句子： it> this/that I hate it when my baby cries. this代替后面句 What he told me is this: he wanted to leave here.that代替前面句 He didnt come. That is why he didnt know it

52、. 交际中代替前面句用so-This is a good school. -I think so.I think so.I dont think so= I think not. I hope (guess, believe, imagine, suppose, am afraid) so (not). 注意：I need to buy a new car and a house badly but I cant afford it /those .(3)代time/weather/distance (4)代小孩 (5)代未知人2.引导词it（即形式主语和形式宾语，it只占位无意义）：(1)

53、Its important for students to learn English. (形式主语) I think it important for students to learn English. (形式宾语) Its foolish of Tom to make that mistake. (形式主语) I believe it foolish of Tom to make the same mistake. (形式宾语)(2)it特殊句型1)碰巧：It happens that sb=sb happens to 六个 It happened that he was sleeping when the teacher came into the classroom.=He happened to be sleeping when the teacher came into the classroom.2)看起来：It seems/appears that sb =sb seems/appears to六个It seems that there have be