霍永红 中国文化概况 Lecture 7 Beijing Opera

1、An Outline of Chinese An Outline of Chinese CultureCultureLecture 7 Beijing OperavTo be familiar with the historical development of Beijing OperavTo know and be able to tell about the roles, facial painting, musical instruments and skills of Beijing operavTo know some famous artists and the repertoi

2、re in Beijing Opera (Ex.4 P107)vTo learn useful words and expressions about opera and improve English language skills.Pre-text quiz on vocabularyTexts: 1. History 2. Introduction 3. Roles 4. Facial painting 5. Basic skills 6. Musical instrumentsExercisesPre-text quiz on your vocabulary1. opera troup

3、e2. melody3. mimicry4. prototype 5. repertoire6. backdrop7. stage props 1.戏班 2.音调 3. 模仿 4. 原型 5. 保留剧目 6. 背景幕 7.舞台道具1. vocal tune2. robe3. plume4. cascading sleeves5. headdress6. platform boots7. oblong wings 1.音调 2.长袍 3. 翎子 4. 水袖 5. 头饰 6. 厚底靴 7.翅子v3rd century: simple plays of court entertainmentv12t

4、h century/Southern Song Dynasty: Yuan zaju；social life; 关汉卿；The Wrongs Suffered by Dou EvLate Yuan Dynasty: Nanxi/southern operavMing Dynasty: poetic drama (Yuan zaju + naxi); 汤显祖 “Chinese Shakespeare”vQing Dynasty: (Anhui Opera troupes)v1840-1860: an independent opera form1. History of Chinese trad

5、itional opera - a comprehensive performing art vtakes its name from the place where it originated vuse of local dialects and unique melodies vBeijing Opera (actually a national form)vPingju (popular in the north)vShaoxing opera (popular in Zhejing Province and Shanghai)vYuju (a kind of Henan Opera)v

6、Kunqu (Kunshan Opera, popular mainly in Jiangsu Province)vQinqiang (Shaanxi Opera)vChuanju (Sichuan Opera) vHanju (Hubei Opera),vYueju (Guangzhou Opera).costumesmusicdancing dialoguepaintingacrobaticssinging Peking Opera2. Introductionva unique system of stylized, fictitious and strongly rhythmical

7、movements (Four highly systemized categories of singing, acting, reciting and acrobatic fighting) 唱、做、念、打vSymbolism prevails/highly symbolic; stage no limit; acting mostly pantomimevCharacters roles are distinguished by sex, age and disposition - Sheng, Dan, Jing & Chou.vFacial painting: age, pr

8、ofession, personality by colors vMusical instruments and basic skills3. RolesSheng, Dan, Jing, Chou|Painted-face role|colors & designs showing characteristics|Voice: loud, clear|Movement: exaggerated4. Facial paintingvA form of dance: nuo傩舞vLanling of Northern Qi period: ferocious-looking maskvS

9、outhern and Northern Dynasty/ Sui/Tang dynasties: masks at ritual ceremoniesvTang Dynasty: masks + dyeing facesvMing Dynasty: division of roles classified and facial makesups standardizedvQing Dynasty: Beijing Opera, makesups perfected with categories finalizedSymbolism of colorsvRed: loyalty, devot

10、ion, uprightnessvBlack: straightforwardness, roughnessvWhite: cunning, shrewdness, suspiciousness vYellow: fierceness, ambition, cool-headednessvBlue: staunchness, fierceness and astutenessvPurple: uprightness, sophisticationvGold & silver: for gods and spirits BACK5. Basic skillsvWaist and leg

11、exercisesvTanzi (carpet) skills Bazi (bundle) skillsvFan killsvHandkerchief skillsvBeard skillsvCap wing skillsvHair swinging skillsvSleeve skillsvLingzi skillsWaist and leg exercisesvFor dance and acrobaticsvsomersaultsvswaying vkicksvleg stretchesvpullsvupward straightened leg movementsv鹞子翻身、涮腰、飞脚

12、、旋子、探海、铁鹞子翻身、涮腰、飞脚、旋子、探海、铁门槛、朝天蹬门槛、朝天蹬 Tanzi (carpet) skillsvsomersaultsvleapsvjumps vfallsv各种筋斗各种筋斗，扑、扑、跌、翻、滚、腾、跌、翻、滚、腾、跃跃. 动作大多以动作大多以手撑地，或用脚手撑地，或用脚在地面蹬跳，向在地面蹬跳，向前，向后，向左前，向后，向左右两侧翻腾，俗右两侧翻腾，俗称称四面筋斗四面筋斗Bazi (bundle) skillsvCombat techniquevUse of long weapons: broadsword, long-handled spear, axvUse o

13、f short weapons: sword, double swords, dagger, hookvUse of ones bare hands刀枪把子。刀枪把子。刀、枪、剑、刀、枪、剑、戟、斧、钩、叉、棍戟、斧、钩、叉、棍 Fan killsvBody techniquevxiao sheng vhua danHandkerchief skillsvBody techniquevDeveloped from Jiqu Opera, song-and-dance duetvFour or eight cornersvwavevtune inside outvshakevhold upvki

14、ckvthrowvprop up with a fingerBeard skillsvBody techniquevpushingvpullingvholing upvspreadingvtearingvthrowingvshakingvcirclingvblowingCap wing skills 帽翅功vWings of the gauze capvContradictory feelings, hesitation, sudden joyvup and downvtwirlvmove vstopHair swinging skills 甩发功vfor a male rolevabnorm

15、al feelings or fear, sadness, hatred, running away, or agony or peacefulnessvspreading over the face or up in the air.vswingingvcirclingvtwistingSleeve skills 水袖功vlavish, dance-like movements vlikened to clouds, flowing water, cotton fields, waves, wheels, and towersvSleeves whirled in a wheel-like

16、or flying movement exaggerate the feelings of charactersvHolding up, spreading, throwing, shaking, and flickingLingzi skill 翎子功vtwo long tail feathers worn on warriors helmetsvshaking and swingingvin many roles, but especially in the xiao sheng rolevmental feelings and dispositions: surprise, hatred

17、, happiness, and frivolityBasic Basic SkillsSkills6. Musical instrumentsvEr huang tune (Anhui Opera) + xi pi tune (Hanju/Hubei Opera) + Kunju/Kunshan OperavBeijing Opera: jinghu, er huvsheng/reed pipes, Yue qin/moonshaped mandolin, pi pa/the Chinese lute, suo na/the Chinese clarinet, drums, bells, g

18、ongs, hardwood castanetsMusicalinstrument京胡京胡三弦三弦月琴月琴Wind or Blowing Instruments 吹奏乐器吹奏乐器vIn the form of pipevProduce smooth & sonorous soundvDizi, Xiao, ShengBowed string Instrument 拉弦乐器拉弦乐器vVibration of the stringsvSweet sound & rich tone colorsvExpress profound feelings & display exquisite skills of the performervErhu