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1、    开放教育的学习质量和设计opened框架    stracke,c. m.(2017d). the quality of open online education and learning:a quality reference framework for moocs. in c. m. stracke,m. shanks and o. tveiten(eds.),smart universities:educations digital future=proceedings of the international wls and linq

2、conference 2017(pp. 97-105). berlin:logos. retrieved from http:/www.learning- and at:http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2016). is open education a revolution or are moocs only marketing instruments?online proceedings of the open education global conference 2016. washington:oec. s.p. retrieved from http

3、:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2015). the need to change education towards open learning. in c. m. stracke & t. shamarina-heidenreich(eds.),the need for change in education:openness as default?(pp. 11-23). berlin:logos. retrieved from http:/www.learning- and at:http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2014a

4、). the concept of open learning for opening up education. in c. m. stracke et al.(eds.),changing the trajectory:quality for opening up education(pp. 15-24). berlin:logos. retrieved from http:/www.learning- and from http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2014b). evaluation framework efi for measuring the im

5、pact of learning,education and training. journal of east china normal university. 2. retrieved from http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2013a). open learning:the concept for modernizing school education and lifelong learning through the combination of learning innovations and quality. in c. m. stracke(e

6、d.),learning innovations and quality:the future of digital resources(pp. 15-28).berlin:logos. retrieved from http:/www.learning- and from http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2013b). the evaluation framework for impact assessment. proceedings of 6th international conference of education,research and inno

7、vations 2013iceri 2013(pp. 4654-4663). madrid:iated. retrieved from http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2012). learning innovations and learning quality:relations,interdependences,and future. in c. m. stracke(ed.),the future of learning innovations and learning quality. how do they fit together?(pp. 13-

8、25). berlin:gito. retrieved from http:/www.learning- and frm http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2011). competence modelling for innovations and quality development in elearning:towards learning outcome orientation by competence models. proceedings of world conference on educational multimedia,hypermedi

9、a and telecommunication 2011ed-media 2011(pp. 1885-1894). chesapeake,va:aace. retrieved from http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2010a). quality development and standards in learning,education,and training:adaptation model and guidelines for implementations. (informika),7(3).136-146. retrieved from http

10、:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2010b). quality and standards in learning,education,and training:the adaptation model idea for the introduction of quality development. proceedings of the international conference on the past and future of e-learning standards(pp. 26-36). tokyo:toyo. retrieved from http:/

11、www.opening-stracke,c. m.(2006). process-oriented quality management. in u.-d. ehlers & j. m. pawlowski(eds.),handbook on quality and standardisation in e-learning(pp. 79-96). berlin:springer. retrieved from http:/www.opening-stracke,c. m.,& tan,e.(2018). the quality of open online learning

12、and education:towards a quality reference framework for moocs. in j. kay,r. luckin,m. mavrikis,& k. porayska-pomsta(eds.),rethinking learning in the digital age. making the learning sciences count:the international conference of the learning sciences(icls).london:international society of the lea

13、rning sciences.(accepted,in print)stracke,c. m.,et al.(2017). the quality of open online education:towards a reference framework for moocs. in proceedings of 2017 ieee global engineering education conference(educon)(pp. 1712-1715). ieee xplore. retrieved from http:/www.opening-thurn,s.(2012). develo

14、pment processes in a laboratory school. in t. wrigley,p. thomson,& r. lingrad(eds.). changing schools:alternative ways to make a world of difference(pp. 27-38). oxon:routledge.unesco.(2012). paris oer declaration. paris:unesco. retrieved from http:/unesco(2002). forum on the impact of open cours

15、eware for higher education in developing countries. final report. paris:unesco. retrieved from http:/united nations.(2015). transforming our world:the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. washington:united nations. retrieved from http:/vygotsky,l.(1988). thought and language. cambridge,ma:mit pr

16、ess.weinert,f. e.(2001). concept of competence:a conceptual clarification. in d. s. rychen(ed.),defining and selecting key competencies(pp. 45-66). seattle et al.:hogrefe & huber.westera,w.(2001). competences in education:a confusion of tongues. journal of curriculum studies,33(1),75-88.white,r.

17、 w.(1959). motivation reconsidered. the concept of competence. psychological review,66,297-333.wiley,d.(2009). defining“open”. retrieved from http:/world bank.(2016). world development report 2016:digital dividends. washington,dc:world bank.zawacki-richter,o.,& anderson,t.(eds.)(2014). online distance education:towards a research agenda. athabasca:au press.作者简介:克里斯蒂安·迈克尔·施特拉克(christian m. stracke)博士,荷兰开放大学副教授(开放教育与创新),韩国国立开放大学兼职教授,中国华东师范大学讲座教授,国际远程开放教育理事会(icde)开放教育资源教席,欧洲学习创新与合作研究院(european insti

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