高考专题_非谓语动词(全面_条理清晰)

1、 ®.s.戴氏教育集团璧山戴氏教育精品堂学校2012 年 高三英语 VIP 总复习 专用学案主讲：Cleo非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词 是相对的概念。非谓语动词有三大基本形式：动词不定时：to be/do（表示将来的动作，动作的趋向）动名词/动词现在分词：being/doing （表示主动，进行）动词过去分词：been/done（表示被动，完成）所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语V-ing形式现在分词动名词不定式（to do )过去分

2、词（done）非谓语 形式构成时态语公复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在 to 前加not 或 never完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing/完成 进行式to have been doing/动名词 /现在 分词一M式doingbeing donesb.或 sb' s doing 作主语要用 sb ' s doing在前加not特别注意复合结构 的否定式：sb' s not doing sb ' s n

3、ot having done完成式having donehaving been done过去分 词done在前加not3非谓语动词考点辨别谓语动词和非谓语动词1:Blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A: Giving B: Give C: Given D:To give2:The traffic rule says young children under the age of four andless than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A: being weighed B: we

4、ighs C: weighed D: weighing非谓语动词作主语和表语（不定式和动名词）一、不定式作主语和表语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式；动名词作主语和表语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词。如： is a good form of exercise for both young and old.（全国卷）A. The walkB. Walking C. To walk D. Walk如： What do you think made Mary so upset? her new bike.（ 上海卷）A. As she lostB. Lost C. Losing D

5、. Because of losing The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not makingD. do not make Fishing is his favorite hobby, and.（上海卷）A. he ' d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his

6、 hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure（注意：一句话中同时出现非谓语动词作主语和表语，非谓语形式要一致）非谓语动词作表语现在分词作表语现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词 be, get, be, come, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等后 面。The story sounds interesting .这个故事听起来很有趣。The news was disappointing . 这个消息令人失

7、望。【点津】 动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows . （=Cleaning the windows is your task .） 你的任务是擦窗过去分词作表语1 .及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动， 又表示完成。The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。2 .有些动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的

8、完成。口 §He is retired.他已退休。The audience are seated.观众们已经就坐了。I am fully dressed up.我已经穿好衣服了。I got distracted by the noise. 因为噪音，我分心、了。【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我妹妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语

9、）【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成，-ing形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bore,worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用 -ing形式来修饰物。The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 不定式作表语1 .主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do that would be to cut the fo

10、ot to fit the shoe.2 .主语是以 aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词 的名词词组，或以 what引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.Your mistake was not to write that letter.My suggestion is to start work at once.What I would suggest is t

11、o start work at once.As we joined the big crowd, I got from my friends.A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missedthe general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given非谓语动词作宾语动名词可作动词和介词的宾语动词不定式一般作动词的宾语，疑问词+to do可作介词的宾语。They

12、preferred walking to school to cycling.They preferred to stay at home rather than go out in such hot weather.Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English.I really don't know what to do.注意一下动词后接不同非谓语形式表达的意思：remember to doremember doingforget to doforget doingregret to do

13、regret doingstop to dostop doing ®.s.戴氏教育集团璧山戴氏教育精品堂学校2012 年 高三英语 VIP 总复习 专用学案主讲：Cleogo on to dogo on doingmean to dotry to docan't help doing can't help but do considerto bemean doingtry doing can't help (to) doconsider doingwant to doneed to do require to dot like to read that boo

14、k.want doing/to be done need doing/to be done require doing/to be done1: I like reading books of this kind, but I don2: She prefer walking to cycling.3: I prefer to stay at home today.非谓语动词作宾语补足语1 .过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语， 该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。I' ll have my house painted tomorrow.When I

15、opened the door , I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.练习：The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied2 .以下感官使役动词后加宾补要加省略to的不定式，但是此类动词如为被动语态要还原to。五看：look at,see, watch, observe, notice+sb do三使：have,let,make+sb do二听：hear,listen

16、to+sb do一感觉：feel+sb do半帮：help+sb (to) do如：I made him do such terrible thing.He was made to do such terrible thing by me.非谓语动词作宾语补足语中，主句谓语动词如为 see, hear, notice , feel,observe,等感官动词表示听到、看到、注意到某人做某事时，三种非谓语动词表示的概念不一样。动词+宾语+doingWhen I came in, I saw her dancing happily.动词+宾语+doI saw him go to the cinem

17、a.动词+宾语+doneWe heard the song sung by her next door.动词+宾语+being doneWe heard the song being sung next door.真题1 . Listen ! Do you hear someone for help?A . callingB. callC. to callD. called2 . Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles.A . to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD . recogni

18、zed3 . It' s wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt with him.A . to protectedB. protectedC. protectingD . to be protected使役动词后接三种形式作宾补时，其中 have , get表示“使、让、叫”之意。1. . have sth. done = get sth. doneI' ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was awa

19、y on holiday.2. have/get sb. /sth. doingI won ' t have you speaking to your dad like that.We can't have the machine working for that long hours.3. have sb. do sth.I'll have my assistant make a draft of the proposal.4. have sth to do/to be doneThey still have lots of tasks to accomplish b

20、efore the deadline.Mr Jay has some laundry to be done immediately.真题1 . I have a lot of readings before the end of this term.A . completingB. to completeC. completedD . being completed2. With the world changing fast , we have something new with all by ourselves every day.A. deal B. dealtC. to dealD

21、. dealing3 . Every year , Tom remembers to have some flowers to her mother on herbirthday.A . send B. sent C. sendingD . being sent非谓语动词作定语现在分词作定语单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。The swimming boy is my elder brother .正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise . 告诉那

22、边正在玩的男孩们不要制造1The meetinglast week is very important. (hold )Tell the childrenthere not to make so much noise. (play )They lived in a roomthe south.(face )I hate to see letters in pencil.(write )I'm afraid we'll have to work extra hours, for there are still some problems .A. remaining to sett

23、leB. Remaining to be settledC. Remaining to talk aboutD. to remain to discuss.过去分词作定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。1 .过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。2 .过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语

24、从句， 但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。3 .过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。(1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他1举行了 欢 迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。3. Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bo

25、ught B. bought C. been bought D. buying4. The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D.

26、tied不定式结构作定语1 .不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如：It ' s time to go to bed.He is not a man to bow before difficulties.Have you anything to declare?She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening.I want to get something to read during the vocation.2 .能带不定式结构作宾语的动词，转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语，如：I don t wis

27、h to quarrel with you.fI have no wish to quarrel with you.They will attempt to cross the river tonight.fThey will make another attempt to cross the river tonight.She promised not to do that again.f She made a promise not to do that again.3 .某些能带不定式结构作状语的形容词，转化成名词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如：He was obviously anxi

28、ous to go.f His anxiety to go was obvious.4 .不定式结构与所修饰的名词，有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如：He has a large family to support (= that he must support).注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：She has a lot of things to attend to.The nurse has five children to look after.Let ' s first find a room to put the things

29、 in.5 .有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可以在不定式之前加上for +名词词组，如：Here ' s a book foou to read.He gave orders for the visitors to be shown in.1. Would you like something?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks2. I have a lot of homework.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do3. He is not an easy man.A. get on B. to get o

30、n C. get on with D. to get on with1. We saw him the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered2. So much work usually makes them very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake

31、 him up D. not to wake him up4. I was made my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did5. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.A.repaired B.being repaired C. Repairing D.to be repaired非谓语动词作状语7 ®.s.戴氏教育集团璧山戴氏教育精品堂学校2012 年 高三英语 VIP 总复习 专用学案主讲

32、：Cleo1 .动词的ing短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，逻辑主语是主句的主语。它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Being ill , he couldn ' t go to school.My car was caught in a traffic jam , thus causing the delay.As the light turned green , I stood for a moment , not moving , and asked myself what I was g

33、oing to do.2 .现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都 是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。Not having received a reply , he decided to write again.The old man , having worked abroad for twen

34、ty years , came back to his motherland. Having been scolded many times , he determined to study hard to catch up with others.3 .有些固定结构，如： generally speaking , considering , providing/provided that, judging from/by, including, owing to.,given等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语Taking everything into consideration , th

35、e result is better than expected.Judging from what he said , he must be an honest man.Provided that he had been there, he would definitely know the guy.Given time, he would do better. 真题1. Dina , for months to find a job as a waitress , finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. strugg

36、ling B. struggled C. having struggledD. to struggle2 . at my classmates ' faces , I read the same excitement in their eyes.A . Looking B. Look C. To lookD . Looked3 . a written permission , he had to write another letter to the president of the university.A . Not givingB. Not having been givenC.

37、 Having not givenD . Having not been given不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1 .不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里 往往译作“为了，想要”。To be a winner , you need to give all you have and try your best.2 .不定式用于 so.as to . , suchas to ; enough to ; tooto ; only to 等结构中作结 果状语。Would you be so

38、kind as to lend me your bicycle?He is such a fool as to think that his strange behavior can inflect others.He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.穆家提醒：“only + to do ”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语He之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。His parents died , leaving h

39、im an orphan.He came back, only to find his bag had been stolen.3:有些不定时谓语动词已经形成定式，所以不管主语是什么，结构不变。to tell the truthneedless to sayto be honest/frankto be more exactto make things worse/betternot to mention真题1 . There were many talented actors out there just waiting.A. to discover B. to be discovered

40、C. discovered D. being discovered2 . 一 Why are the students working so hard these days.一 ready for the coming entrance examination.A. To get B. GetC. Getting3 . With Father ' s Day around the corner presents for my dad.A . buy B. to buy C. buying 过去分词作状语D. Got,I have taken some money out of the

41、bankD . to have bought111 .过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，主语是主句主语，意义 上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。Given the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.Reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20 , the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.2 .某些动词的过去分词已

42、经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：10st（迷路的），seated（坐），hidden（躲），lost/absorbed in（沉溺于），dressed in（穿着），tired of（感到厌倦）等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。Lost in the mountains for a week , we were finally saved by the local police.Absorbed in his book , he didn ' t notice me enter the room.As

43、 we joined the big crowd, I got A. separated B. spared C. lost 延展："穿戴" wear/put on/dress dress sb/oneself"坐"：sit/seatsb sit: I sit here.sit=be seated练： When I arrived, I found the boyA:seating B:seatedI found the boy was I found the boy was from my friends.D. missedsb be dressed

44、insb be seated: I am seated hereC:is seating D:sits.(sit).(seat)3 .现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词形式；如 果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。Seen from the top of the hill , the park looks even more beautiful.Seeing from the top of the hill , we find the park even more beautiful.真题1 .from the top of the tower , th

45、e south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A . Seen B. Seeing C. Having seenD. To see2 . Michael ' s new house is like a huge palace , with his old one.A . comparing B. compares C. to compare D . Compared1.in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being

46、founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding2.time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. GivenUnless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invitedGenerally speaking,according to the dir

47、ections, the drug has no side effect.A when taking B when taken C when to take D when to be taken非谓语作状语综合练：1) .(heat) water will be changed into vapour.While(heat) water, we can change it into vapour.2)(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.(see) from the hill, you will find the city beautifu

48、l.3) Generally speaking, when(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.If(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon.判断正误：1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.3) As he was an orphan, the nu

49、rse treated him kindly.非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构of sb to do sthIt is very kind of you to do such a heavy lifting for me.It is so stupid of him to trust her.for sb to do sthIt is harmful for you to smoke that much.It is heathy for you to eat green food.动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。LiPing ' s/ My

50、 helping her moved her deeply.I appreciate your/you/LiPing ' s/ LiPing coming to see me.Is there any hope of our team winning the match?What made me angry was many students failing in the exam.His not explaining the poor service really pissed me off. 真题1) I would appreciate back this afternoon .

51、A. you to call B. you call C. your callingD. you ' re calling2)made her mother very angry.A. Mary marrying Jim B. Mary ' s married JimC. Mary ' s marrying JimD. Mary ' s being married Jim3) . The discovery of new evidence led to.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thie

52、f being caughtD. the thief to be caught4) .The noise of could be heard out in thestreet.A. desks opening and closingB. desks opened and closedC. desks being opened and closedD. desks ' being opened and closed独立主格结构1.名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。We shall play

53、the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天彳民设天气好， 我们就进行比赛。 ®.s.戴氏教育集团璧山戴氏教育精品堂学校2012 年 高三英语 VIP 总复习 专用学案主讲：CleoThe monitor being ill, we ' d better put the meeting班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。.She stood there,from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tear

54、s rolling down2.名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们 会把工作做得更好。It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth and his eyesA. closed ope

55、nC. closing openAll thingsB. closed openedD. closing openingthe plan trip will have to be called offB. consideredA. be consideredC. consideringD. having considering3.名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。So many people to help him,

56、 he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。 he can't go out for a walk as usualA. With so much work to doB. With so much work doingC. With so much work doneD. Without so much work to do4 .名词（代词）+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。He was waiting, his eyes on her back.他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。5 .名词（代词）+形容词或副词He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。1. The thief stood before