雅思图表写作

1、图表写作（Academic Module Writing Task One）一、图表作文整体写作策略² 图表类型l 曲线图（Line Graph）l 饼状图（Pie Chart）l 柱状图（Bar Chart）l 表格图（Table of Figures）l 混合图（Mixed Graphs）l 流程图（Flow Chart）l 地图（Maps）二、结构要求l TF, CC & VSSSample: Writing Task One, Test Two, Cambridge IELTS 4 You should spend about 2O minutes on this t

2、askThe graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer. The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least

3、 150 words.The line graphs compare the typical daily demands for electricity in winter and summer in England. As can be seen, the electricity consumption in winter almost doubles that in summer at any given moment of a day. The former waves between 30,000 and 45,000 units, while the latter fluctuate

4、s between 13,000 and 20,000 units. Their development trends see more similarities than differences. From 0 to 9 oclock, both curves move generally downward to the lowest points of more than 30,000 units and 13,000 units, and from then on, the two lines go roughly upwards, respectively to the highest

5、 amount of 45,000 units at 21 oclock and more than 20,000 units at 13 oclock.The pie chart reflects an average household use of electricity in England. Heating for both room and water accounts for the biggest share of more than half. The other half of electricity is almost evenly used for three sect

6、ions: ovens, kettles, washing machines; lighting, Tv, radio; and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools. The first section consumes a little bit higher of 17.5% while the rest two have an equal share of 15%.From the two charts, it is clear that electricity is in higher demand in winter in Engl

7、and.l 各段脉络：首段：四要素：图表研究的时间段、研究的对象和研究所采用的数据形式（是具体数字还是百分比）。一句话说清楚，实际上就是把题目中描述图表的那一句话用自己的语言描述（改写）。如有必要，一句趋势描述。最多两句话。模板：The graph (figure, chart, diagram) shows (indicates, unfolds, displays, reveals, reflects, illustrates) the<数据形式>of <描述对象>in<地点><时间>The line graphs compare the u

8、nits of typical daily demands for electricity in England in winter and summer.主体段落：趋势描写和数据导入，注意句式变化和衔接手段。根据实际情况分段。句式变化手段：（1） 简单句；（2） 并列句；（3） There be句式；（4） As can be seen that引导的非限定性定语从句（主体段首句）；（5） Before or after doing介词+动名词形式；（6） While引导的表示前后对比的并列句；（7） 由which引导的非限定性定语从句；（8） 独立主句，with+主语+分词（现在/过去）非

9、谓语结构（主语不一致）；（9） 由ing开头的非谓语形式（并列句，主语一致）；（10） 介词开头（衔接手段）：fromto；from then on；since then；in general；in addition; in (by) contrast；Compared with（11） 副词开头（衔接手段）：Respectively; Similarly; Likewise; overall.（12） 形式主语：it is clear/obvious/apparent that（末段）结尾：图表通过对具体数据的对照和对比说明问题，写出对照、对比的趋势及结论。l 时态：首段客观描述一般现在时；

10、主体段落一般过去时或一般现在时；末段总结一般现在时；预测一般将来时（be aboutto; be projected to）l 不要在文章中发表个人见解和评论。只是在最后一段对各种趋势进行简单对照或者对某个重要趋势重复交代（再次改写）。一两句话，不要长篇大论。三、图表写作各个击破l 曲线图1、 单条曲线：首段：The graph shows the<数据形式>of <描述对象>in<地点><时间>。一句话改写背景信息。有必要简单概括总趋势。至多两句话。主体段落：趋势描写（包括上升、下降、波动、保持不变、顶点、底点）和数据支持，注意句式变化和衔接手

11、段。表示趋势的词汇：上升：go up, rise, increase, climb, jump, soar, rocket, shoot up, surge, boost, boom下降：go down, fall, drop, decrease, decline, sink, dive, plunge, slump, plummet急速：sudden, dramatic, sharp, massive, significant, remarkable, considerable缓慢：stable(y) , steady(ily) &gradual(ly)保持不变：remain ste

12、ady/stable/unchanged; experience no change; level out/off顶点：reach the (peak, summit) of（数据）；After+doing,continued to rise, peaking at (just over/below)数据before+doing底点：reach the bottom of（数据）；bottomed out (at数据)；reach rock bottom at波动：fluctuate, fluctuation, wave, rises and falls末段：结论。重申最重要的趋势，再次改写。

13、一句话。Overall/ In general, it is clear/obvious/apparent that2、 双条曲线：首段：首句 四要素。二句揭示整体趋势。主体段落：分别描写两条曲线，然后再写两条曲线关系（异同点）。注意主要趋势、数据导入、衔接手段和词汇、句型多样性。末段：比较。总趋势。Sample: Task One, Test 4, Cambridge IELTS 4 You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe charts below give information about travel to and from

14、the UK, and about the most popular countries for UK residents to visit. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.The line chart compares the number (in millions) of visits to and from the UK from 1979 to 199

15、9. Visits both to and from the UK have been in constant increase, while visits abroad by UK residents always surpassed those to the UK by overseas residents. From 1979 to 1985, both figures rose from 12 to 20 million and from 10 to 12 million respectively. Since then, both moved substantially upward

16、 with the overseas visits by UK residents increasing by a larger scale.As is shown in the bar chart, among the five most popular countries visited by the UK residents, the country with the largest number of British tourists was France (around 11 million), followed by Spain (around 9.5 million). USA,

17、 Greece and Turkey lagged far behind, with tourists amounting to 3.5 million, 2.5 million and 2 million respectively.In general, the figure of visits to and from the UK was on the rise, with UK residents abroad outnumbering overseas visitors in the UK and the most popular destination countries for U

18、K residents were France and Spain.3、 多条曲线：按照趋势不同类别写Sample: Task 1, Test 2, Cambridge IELTS 7(Q:P.53; A: P164)。l 柱状图柱状图要注重“比较”（找出similarity）和“对比”（找出difference），也就是说需要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，也要分别描述各个柱子的个性特征。Sample: Task One, Test Three, Cambridge IELTS 4 You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe chart

19、below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at lean 150 words剑九：Writing Test One, Test Two (Qu

20、estion P53，Answer P164)The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The chart shows the time spen

21、t by UK residents on different types of telephone calls between 1995 and 2002. Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998. After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 19

22、95 figure by 2002.National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at the end of the period in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes. This rise was particula

23、rly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.To sum up, although local fixed line calls were still the most popular in 2002, the gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question. l 饼状图：1、 单饼：a: 按照顺序依

24、次展开写；b: 如果多个区域，最多的二、三项，这二、三项总和所占的比例：It is not surprising that the most X (adj) component is A, which accounts for m% of all X (n). B, consuming %, is % lower and followed closely by C (%). The above three items take up about o% of x.c: 最少的三项：By contrast, D, E and F make up a small percentage of tota

25、l x, which are p%, q% and r% respectively.d: 如果有其它，再描写其它，不要忘记关联词：In addition, what is more, besides2、 两个以上饼：主要写两个饼的关系相同和不同。Sample: Task One, Test 4, Cambridge IELTS 7 (Q:P.101; A:P.168) Task One, Test 2, Cambridge IELTS 8 (Q:P.53; A:P.164) Task One, Test 3, Cambridge IELTS 9 (Q:P.76; A:P.166)l 表格题1.

26、 绝对值谁最高，谁最低；2. 哪些项目的比率在升高、哪些项目保持不变、哪些项目在下降；3. 头三名的变化（增长、减少幅度最高、最低）。Sample: Task One, Test one, Cambridge IELTS 4 (P.31, answer P.162)You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise

27、 the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 wordsFamily typeProportion of people from eachHousehold type living in povertysingle aged personaged couplesingle, no children couple, no children sole parent couple with children a

28、ll households6% (54,000)4% (48,000) 19% (359,000) 7% (211,000) 21% (232,000) 12% (933,000) 11% (1,837,000)MODEL ANSWERThis model has been prepared by an examiner as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches.l 多图题首段：背景描述；趋势概括；

29、主体段落：分别描述；末段：总结，找出联系或者重复趋势。Sample: Task One, Test One, IELTS 8 (Q: P.30; A: P.162)l 流程图：1、按照先后顺序依次描述；2、内容完整，不要遗漏任何给定内容！3、注意表示先后的关联手段：first of all.then.beforeafter.until.at last/in the end/finally/eventually.4、句式变换。Sample：剑八：Writing One, Test Three (P.78)Model AnswerThe first diagram displays the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process. As can be seen, during the initial stage, limesto