名词性从句讲解dayin

1、名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。历届高考试题名词性从句考查1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2.考查引导词that与what的区别 3.考查whether与if的区别4. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词：what, whateve

2、r, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接畐U词：whe n, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that, whether, if和连接代词 what, who, which , whatever,whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词 在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wan ts to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不

3、清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the En glish evening will be held has not yet bee n announ ced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1) It + be + 名词 + that 从句(2) It + be + 形容词 + that 从句(3) It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that

4、从句(4) It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do ”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大

5、致一样，在句中 可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Sha nghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：

6、在 dema nd、order、suggest、decide、in sist, desire, dema nd, request, comma nd 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等 意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should) +动词原形”。例如：I in sist that she (should) do her work alo ne.我坚持要她自己工作。The comma nder ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用 who , whom, which, whose, what, when, wher

7、e, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句 相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to kn ow what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thi nks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句

8、语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c .引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an in terest ing questi on. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh mon ey. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句

9、根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。例如： He studies En glish every day.（从句用一般现在时）He studied En glish last term.（从句用一般过去时）I know （that） he will study En glish n ext year.（从句用一般将来时）He has studied En glish si nee 1998.（从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例

10、如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America .5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句 中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don' t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don ' t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系 动词后，有时用as i

11、f引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+ that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didn ' t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是 reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minu

12、te this morning4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、dema nd、 doubt、 fact、 hope、 idea、in formati on 、 message n ews、 order、 problem、 promise、 questi on、 request、 suggesti on、 truth、wish、word 等。例如：The n ews that we won the game is excit ing.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea whe n

13、he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably falle n ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句：I had no idea that you were here . （that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea （that） this b

14、ook gives you of life in ancient Greece ? （that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句注意事项1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达是否"意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换）但以下几种名词从 句要用whether （不用if）引导：（1）弓丨导主语从句，且在句首时。例: Whether he has won the tennis is not known.（但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tenni s）.（2） 弓 I导表语从句时。例 The pro

15、blem is whether he can get a job.（3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have n o idea whether he will come.（4）介词后的 whether 从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2. 位于句首引导主语从句的that 不可忘。例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3. 在 “ It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/ne

16、cessary/strange/ + that 从句"结构中，that 从句谓语有时 用（should） do这样的虚拟语气形式。例如：It is suggested that we （should） improve the relations between us.It is a pity that one （should） stay in one place all one s life.'It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings （缺点）4. 在 The reason wh

17、y is that "句式中 that 不要误为 because.例如： The reason why he didn t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.5. 名词从句中that,what用法比较：引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而 what是连接代词，what = the thing（s） that.例如：It was told in yesterday s newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory.I know

18、that he will study. I know what he will study.That he works hard at his less ons is known to us all. What he works hard at is known to us all.All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what（ = the person that） he used to be 他和以前大不相同了。6. where在名词从句中的使用特点：where在名词从句中有时可以变为“ the place where

19、有时可以变为 介词+ the place where 形式。例如：主从： Where（ = The place where）she has gone is still unknown.宾从： Would you please tell me where（ = the place where） Mr Smith lives?表从： Your dictionary remains where（ = in/at the place where）you put.同位从： Have you any idea where（ = of the place where） she is spe nding he

20、r holidays?7. 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即主+谓+（宾）”或 主+系+表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：What s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks after your gra ndfather? He asked me who looked after my gran dfath

21、er.定语从句一、定语从句与引导词定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。1. 关系代词 有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作 主语、宾语、表语 ，whose作定语。代人 的有： who,whom,whose,that ; 代物 的有：that,which,whose.例如： The man who helped you is Mr White.（who 代人，在定语从句中作主语）That is the perso

22、 n（whom/who/that） you want to see.（whom,who,that 代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略 ）I m not the fool（that） you thought me to be.（that 代人，在定从中作表语 ）A dictionary is a useful book which（ = that） tells us the meaning of words（which 或 that 代物，在定从中作主语 ）2. 关系副词 有：when（指时间）,where（指地点）,why（指原因），在定语从句中作 状语。例如： Would you sugges

23、t a time（when） we can have a talk?（when 可省略）The house where they live is not very large./This is the reas on why he did not came to the meet ing.注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We ll visit the factory which（ = that） makes radios. （which 或 that 在定从中作主语，where 不可用主语，故不可用 ）They still reme

24、mber the happy days（which/that） they spent in Beidaihe. （which 或 that 在定从中作 spent 的宾语，when 不可 作宾语，故不可用）二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句 常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，弓I导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。例: Li Pi ng s father, who works in a factory, is an engin ee

25、r./ He tore up my photo, which made me very an gry.（which 指代主句 内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。）He is good at physics, as is known to us all. = As is known to us all, he is good at physics.（as 弓丨导的非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容，在 as is known/believed, as we all know/believe 这类结构中 as不可换为 which）三、只用that引导和不用that引导的场合1.

26、只用that引导的场合1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.2） 指物的先行词被 any, every, only, very, all, no 等修饰时： These are the very points that interest me./That s the only watch that I like most.3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This

27、is the seco nd card that he gave me.4） 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及 everyth in g,a nything,nothing 等时： There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everyth ing that you n eed?5） 先行词是 who 时： Who that have seen him does not like him?2. 不用that的场合如下：1) 非限制性定语从句中 Last ni ght ,1 saw a v

28、ery good film,which was about the Long March .2) 介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I lear nt the n ews3) 句中出现了 that，或先行词是 that 时 I have found that which I was looking for.四、介词+关系代词”用法1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook han ds?2. 介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配) ，例如：He buil

29、t a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即 through the telescope)3. 当关系代词作 动词+介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is thewatch which you re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五、几个名词后的引导词1. situation 后常用 where,in which 引导定语从句：Can you imagine

30、 a situation where/in which you can use the word?2. way(方式，方法)后常用 in which 或 that 或 how 引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) heworked out the problem?3. “ the sam名词”，“ such名词”，“ a名词"后通常用as引导定语从句。例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have).I. 定语从句与其他相似易混结构比较1. 定语从句与并列结构1) She won th

31、e first prize in the speech con test andsurprised us.A. whichB. itC. asD. who2) She won the first prize in the speech con test,surprised us.A. whichB. whomC. themD. what2. 定语从句与结果状语从句1) This is such an in terest ing bookall of us want to read.A. asB. whichC. thatD. what2) This is such an in teresti

32、ng bookall of us want to read it.A. asB. whichC. thatD. what3. 定语从句与地点状语从句1) He advised me to livethe air is fresher.A. i n whereB. in whichC. the place whereD. where2) He advised me to live in the placethe air is fresher.A. i n whereB. in thatC. whereD. which4. 定语从句与主语从句1) is known to every one tha

33、t Taiwa n is part of Chi na.A. AsB. WhichC. ItD. What2) is known to every one, Taiwa n is part of Ch ina.A. AsB. WhichC. ThatD. What3) is known to every one is that Taiwa n is part of China.A. AsB. WhichC. ThatD. What4) Taiwa n is part of Chi na is known to every one.A. AsB. WhichC. ThatD. What5. 定语

34、从句与宾语从句1) Our teacher did allhe could to help them.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. it2) Our teacher didhe could to help them.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. it6. 定语从句与同位语从句1) The factshe told me yesterday is very importa nt.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. it2) The factshe has n ' t known the result of the exam in at

35、i on is clear.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. it7. 定语从句与表语从句1) Is this factory you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. whatD. which2) Is this the factory the exhibition was held?A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what3) Is this place you visited two weeks ago?A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. where8. 定语从句与强调结构1) It

36、is the place they lived before.A. whereB. thatC. whatD. which2) It is in the place they lived before.A. whereB. thatC. whatD. which9. 定语从句与独立主格结构1) There are lots of people in the reading room, most of with their heads bent over their books.A. whomB. themC. thatD. which2) There are lots of people in

37、 the reading room, most of bent their heads over their books.A. whomB. themC. thatD. which3) The car ran into a crowd of children, to hospital immediately.A. two of whom sent B. two of whom are sentC. two of them sentII. 比较Group 1: 关系代词与关系副词1用 what / who (whom) 填空 (在从句中充当主语 ,宾语或表语 ,那么从句必然成分不全)I doub

38、t will be the leader of the team.The problem is will be used to make the plane.I wonder he did yesterday.My doubt is she ordered to finish this task.2用 where/ when/ why/ how 填空 (从句主 ,谓 ,宾齐全，只可添加状语)She asked he spent the summer holiday.He can ' t tell he did s. o he lives is unknown to me.My ques

39、tion is we will hold the meeting.Group 2:1. she is a rich woman is known to us.2. the teachers say has a great impact on us.3. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006天津)A. that B. which C. until D. if4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the c

40、lass he had to meet his uncle at the airport. (2006 重庆)A. why B. that C. where D. because5. Word came China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct. 15, 2003.6. The story goes the king was killed with an arrow by his niece.Group3: if/whetherEverything depends on we have enough money. he will pass

41、 the exam remains to be seen.Please tell me you will come or not.He hasn ' t decided to go there.I ' ll go there time permits.Group4:1. He differs from other children in he is strong-willed and generous.2. No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in we now know as California

42、.Group5:1. will preside the meeting has not been decided.2. breaks the law ought to be punished.3. They think has a lot of knowledge will make more money in the future.4. Parents shouldn ' t give their children ask for.5. This is I want to tell you.名词性从句专项练习 100 题1. His success was because of he

43、 had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact thatD. the fact” “I don't knowB. from what city she come2. “ Is Mary from New York CityA. from what city does she come fromC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3.makes mistakes must correct them.C. WhoeverD. Whatever

44、A. WhatB. Thata new job.4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai wasA. because I got B. because of gettingC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bither hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him whyA. did he do that B. he did thatC. he didD. he h

45、as done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to knowA. how he is getting alongB. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting alongD. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to givea childhe or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever9. He asked mewith me.

46、A. what is the troubleB. what wrong wasC. what was the matterD. what trouble it is10. I am surehe said is true.A. thatB. about thatC. of thatD. that what11. When and why he came hereyet.A. is not knownB. are not knownC. has not knownD. have not bee12. I wonder how muchA. does the watch costB. did th

47、e watch cost13. Mary isD. the watch costsC. the watch costedsomeone might recognize her.14.A. afraid ofB. afraid aboutC. afraid thatD. afraid foris no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a fe

48、w minutes late15. They came to the conclusionby a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred wasthe laboratory attendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sin

49、ceD. that17. I don't doubthe'll come.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether18. “ Why did you go to the wrong class,Mr. Wang ”“ Well, I forgetI was supposed to go to.A. which the roomB. which roomC. what was the roomD. what room was itA. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which9.30.3

50、7.38.Mary : Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol : Yes. Because she's always saved .A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns surprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play t

51、he violin so well.A. That what B. What thatC. That which D. What whichWe gave him help we could.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. thisShe is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all thatExcuse me would you please tell me _A. when the sports meet is taken pla

52、ceC. when is the sports meet to beginDo you happen to know A. what size shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoesB. when is the sports meet going to be heldD. when the sports meet is to take placeB. how big shoes he wearsD. what number shoes are hisThis book will show you can be used in other c

53、ontexts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedD. how that you have observedC. he's goneD. was heC. that you have observedWhere do you think A. has he gone B. has he beenDo you know A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how ma

54、ny the population of the world is D. what the population of the world isWould you go and see outsideA. what to take placeB. what Tom has happenedC. what is happeningD. what the matter had beenThe subject of "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is.A. whatB. interestingC. Wh

55、at is interesting D. I I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is C. Whom do you think he is D. Do you think who he is He didn't know which room .A. they livedB. they lived inC. did they liveThe little boy ate his mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whateverThe city is no longer .A. what it isB. that it used to beC. which it wasMy parents used they had to get a new car for me.A. whichB. thatC.what we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If doB. Tha