初中现在完成时态讲解及练习

1、初三语法专项训练：现在完成时用法小结现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has） +过去分词， 1表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果；例如： i have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服；（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服洁净了”）现在完成经常用的时间状语有：already （”已经”用于确定句的中间和末尾处）never“从不”用于中间处 ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和确定句的中间处）just“刚刚”用于中间处 yet“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/“仍”用于否定句的末尾处 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动

2、作始终连续到现在甚至会连续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去；试比较：the plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了；（说明现在的情形：飞机在这儿）the plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的；（强调动作发生的时间在过去）i have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年； （表示十五年前的动作始终连续到现在，仍可能会连续； ）i taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年； （表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）练习：i翻译以下句

3、子：11.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书；3.我以前从来没去过那个农场；4.他已经吃过午饭了；5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥仍没回来；7.我上星期看过这部电影；8.在 1992 年他住在这里；ii 用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “ you have lunch .“ yes.” “ whenyouhaveit.” “ ihaveitat12:00.”2. “ you write a letter to your aunt yet.” “ yes, i . i write one last week.”3. “ he finish his homework.“ not

4、ye”t. ”4. “ they ever be abroad.“ yes,”ju st once.”5. your father just finish his work.6. your father finish his work just now.7. last term i learn many english words.8. they not read the interesting books yet.9. he never go to the science museum.10. you ever drink coke.11. “ you buy a dictionary.“

5、yes, i “ .”“ where you buy it. “ i _” buy it in abookstore.”“ when you buy it.“ y”e sterday.”2since 和 for的用法表示过去已经开头连续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for,since, how long, so far, these days等；since+过去点的时间， for+ 一段时间（数词 +量词），此划线部分用how long 提问；一、since 短语或从句表示过去的动作连续至今，since 之后的时间为一点；如： mr. smith has worked here sinc

6、e 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生始终在这工作；hes learned about 5,000 english words since he went to college他.上高校以来大约学了五千个英语单词；二、for 短语表示动作连续多长时间，for 的宾语为时间段；如： we have known each other for twenty years.我们熟悉有二十年了；i haven t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了；练习：用 since 和 for 填空1 two years2 two years ago3 last month4

7、19995 yesterday6 4 o clock7 4 hours8 an hour ago9 we were children10 lunch time11 she left here1. he has lived in nanjing the year before last.2. ikvneown him we were children.3. our teacher has studied japanese three years.4. she has been away from the city about ten years.5. it s about ten years s

8、he left the city.2.短暂性转换连续性arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there31) he got to beijing five minutes ago.he beijing for .2) i moved to the usa last year.i the usa since .3) i went home yesterday.i home for .4) they came here last

9、 week.they here since .come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1) he came out two years ago.he for .2) we return to fuzhou yesterday.we to fuzhou since .become be1) i became a teacher in 2000.i a teacher for .2) the river became dirty last year.the river dirty for .close be closedopen be open1

10、) the shop closed two hours ago.the shop for .2) the door opened at six in the morning.the door for six hours.get up be updie be dead leave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep4finish/end be overmarry be married1) i got up two hours ago.i since .2) he left fuzhou just now.he fuzho

11、u for five minutes.3) my grandpa died in 2002.my grandpa for .4) the meeting finished at six.the meeting for six hours.5) i got to sleep two hours ago.i since .6) they married in 1990.they since .start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1) i began to teach at this school in 1995.i at this school sin

12、ce .2) the film began two minutes ago.the film for .borrow keeplose not havebuy haveput on wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1) they borrowed it last week.they it since .2) i bought a pen two hours ago.i a pen for .3) i got to know him last year.5i him since .4) i put on my glasses thr

13、ee years ago.i my glasses for .have/has gone to have been in1he has gone to beijing.he beijing for two days.join the league/the party/the army be a league/a party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the party be in the league/the party/the army1) he joined the league in 2002.he a for two year

14、s.he a the for two years. he the league for two years.2) my brother joined the army two years ago.my brother a for . my brother in for two years.3.汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了；2）他离开中国三年了；3）我熟悉他们五年了；4）他们已去了美国五年了；5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了；6）他们已经结婚10 年；7）我妹妹成为一个高校生已经三年；68）这会已开了多长时间了？9）这门已经关了两天了；10）我入团 2 年了；i two years ago.

15、i a for two years.i a of for two years.i the for two years.11）自从 1999 年以来他们就熟悉；12）我来到农场已5 年了；4.划线提问1) i have been there for two days. you .2) my father has lived here since 2000. your father .3) he left here yesterday. he .4) they bought a book two hours ago. they a book.have been in, have been to与

16、have gone to 的用法一、havehas been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间” ，常与表示一段时间的状语连用， 如： since, for, how long 等；例如：mr. brown has been in shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了；此外仍有这些搭配：have beenhere there /at home school /on the farm7have beenhere there / abroad二、havehasbeen to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了；可与just, ever,never 等连用，例如

17、：i have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了； mary has never been to the great wall.玛丽从未去过长城；have you ever been to hangzhou.你曾经去过杭州吗？havehas been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次；例如： i have been to beijing three times. 我去过北京三次；they have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了；三、havehas gone to 意为“到某地去了” ，

18、表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中；总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、其次人称代词作句子的主语；例如： -where is tom.-he has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了；jack johnson has gone to london.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了；练习：i. 用 havehas been或 havehas gone 填空；a: where li fei .b: he to hainan island.a: how long he there. b: he there for three days.a: when will he com

19、e back , do you know.b: i m afraid he won t come bac.k recently a: could you tell me the way to hainan island.8b: sorry, i never there.a: how many times li fei to that place. b: he there only once.ii. 用 have/has been to/in, have gone to及 go 的各种形式填空；1) where is jack. he his country.2) david the park

20、just now.3) john england since he came back.4) how long have this village.5) the smiths beijing for years.6) you ever america.- yes, i there many times.7) i this school since three years ago.8) where is jim. he the farm.9) when he . he an hour ago.10) would you like to the zoo with me.-yes, but i th

21、ere before.11) where you now.- i the zoo.12) he often swimming.13) you there last year.14) they often skating in winter.iii. 翻译以下句子：1. 他已经来中国三年多了；2. 他们出国两个月了；3. 我从来没去过长城；94. 你曾经出过国吗？5. 他已经去图书馆了；6. 他来这儿五年了；7. 昨天他去了公园；8. “你要去哪里？”“我要去学校；”9. 他经常去游泳；综合练习 :i. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. i

22、have seen him before, so i have no idea about him.2. jack has finished his homework an hour ago.3. mr. wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ have you seen the film.“ n”o, i have seen it.”5. “ has the bus left .“ y”es , it has left.”ii. 翻译以下句子：1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？2. 我们已经熟悉有二十年了；103. 打那以后，她始终住在这；4. “你曾经到过那里吗？”“不，我从来没到过那里； ”iii. 用适当的时态填空：1.she s live here ever since sh