初中英语完形解题技巧2

1、中学英语完形填空解题技巧完形填空始终是考试中同学失分较多的题型，是对同学综合学问把握情形的检测，主要测试同学在详细语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判定、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的才能要求，及对所学英语的综合运用才能、快速阅读懂得才能及规律推理判定才能等的考察；完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅；动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80% 以上，而介词、连词、冠词等虚词就相对考得较少；第一明确解题的步骤：一：解题步骤.跳读全文，把握大意；（首句和尾句）.瞻前顾后，敏捷答题；（运用各种策略）.复读全文，核实答案；a: 词汇、语法、惯用法是否

2、合理？二：解题策略（5 个方面着手）1：词义辨析b: 句型结构是否完整，搭配是否有误？c:句子是否流畅？d: 上下行文、前后规律关系是否一样？f:全文是否紧凑，中心突出，浑然一体？例如： when the teacher came into the classroom， our monitor spoke in a loud ，“ stand up.”a. soundb. cryc. voiced. shout此题中四个词都为声音的意思但详细的用法不一样，此处就指的是一个声音，泛指声音所以选a many people think that moretime is spent, more wor

3、k will be done. so students have to 36 the wholeday doing homework except during the three meals.36. a. buyb. getc. spendd. take2：各种词语搭配 （形容词与名词搭配；副词与动词搭配；介词短语搭配； 动词短语搭配； 固定短语等） ；留意：要区分形状相近而意义不同的搭配；如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等: 因词组而构成的常见的句式： it feels+ 形容词 +不定式； 要区分形不相像而意义相近的

4、搭配； 如： i paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. the book cost me a lot. it took three men to lift the box. 句中都有 “付出、 花费、 需要 ”的意思； 译成汉语时好像相通； 但更要留意它们之间的搭配变化； 要留意单个词组的多义性； 如： takeoff 有“脱下 衣服 ， 飞机 起飞，匆忙离开，取下，休假等多种含意；1) here s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself so much money.a. for b. b

5、y c. to d. of表示 “自取，任凭拿 ”这个意义的短语是help oneself to故答案为c 2and video cameras can be used to people s actions at home.a. keepb. makec. recordd. watch句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是c，意思是 “记录 ”；3.语法判定（考察语法学问点）1要留意显现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词；1挑选各类词时，要留意以下几个方面：a.名词 的挑选，应联系文章主题及空格前后显现的有关词，留意其性和数的一样；b.动词 的选用，

6、要留意词义和惯用搭配，仍要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式；c.挑选 介词 ，应留意其惯用法，特殊是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配；d.挑选 代词 ，要留意性、数、格是否精确；e.挑选 连词 ，要留意分析前后句或上下文的规律关系；f. 挑选 形容词和副词，要留意词义的区分，用于比较时，仍要留意词形变化；2 要留意 句法 题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，其次是祈使句的零时态等；b.句子的类型有简洁句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句；中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接 /间接引语，也考查简洁

7、的定语从句；c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解；3 在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案； b.排除法是在代入选项时如发觉选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有冲突，就快速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案；4. 上下文规律关系一般的解题过程是：（ 1） .通读全文，把握大意；结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容；（ 2）.瞻前顾后，分析先行；在懂得全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎规律的推理；必需弄清空缺词句的准确含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义连接必

8、需自然、合理，不行显现意义断层或说东道西的情形，必需从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词精确无误；提示作用的词或句；这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词；例如： 1 some parts of the water are very shallow. butin some places it is verya. deepb. highc. coldd. dangerous依据转折连词but 的提示，所填入的词应与shallow 相反，因此答案为a；2) mrs o neill asked questions and she didn t scold us

9、either .a. nob. certainc. manyd. moreand 是一个并列连词；either 为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是a ；3） it has been many years since i was last in london i still remember something that happened during that visit.a. andb. forc. butd. as依据句前的many years 和句后的still remember 答案应选表示转折的连词but.（ 3）.反复推敲，

10、 攻克难关 ；假如做不出来的话，可能要转变一下思路；照实词多与文章的内容直接相关，2虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，假如从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等；eg: 1. li bin is at chinese. but he isn t good at english a. wellb. finec. niced.good2. dont like tomatoes ，but he . he doesnt like salad ， do. my father broccoli ， but my doesn t a. dob. doesc. liked.li

11、kesa. butb. andc. ord.fora.likesb.havec. liked.doesa. friendlb. sisterc. motherd.uncle4：文化背景以及生活常识（历史、地理、社会习俗、民族风情等）immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the hospital.a. animalb. biggestc. plantd. nearest在这样的紧急情形下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为 d； 5：验证答案，修正错误，着重留意这几点：文章是否顺畅；所填单词是否是正

12、确单词；所填单词是否有拼写错误；1.所选的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，是否使上下文连贯和谐，是否与全文意思一样；充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对挑选有提示作用的词或句；这些词有可能是同义词或反义词；(1) many old people don t have good . they cant watch tv, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.a. hearingb. healthc.eyesightd.time(2) some parts of the water are veryshallow. but in so

13、me places it is very, very .a. deepb. highc. coldd. dangerous2.所选的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配；包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要依据内容挑选正确的短语；washington was named george washington, the first president of the united states.a. byb. forc. asd. after(3). 所选的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求；(4). 所选词本身或邻近词有无特殊要求，如有些动词后面只接动名词

14、而不能接不定式等；三：解题误区做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言学问和解题技巧外，仍应防止几个误区；1、单纯求快，忽视语篇懂得，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言学问解决全部问题；很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于挑选答案，不仔细分析通篇文章；表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率；2、时间支配不当，在几个选项上过分蛮缠，追求完善，导致很多本可以做出的题来不及做；正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑不太明白的；四：复习建议31：熟识语法，培育“完整的句子意识”；2. 坚持在阅读的基础上锤炼语篇意识和把握整体文段的才能；3. 关注生活，留意中西文化的差异；4

15、. 科学选材，有效训练；体裁多样，题材丰富，语言生动地道，具有肯定的训练性和趣味性；篇幅长度适中，布空合理，各考点均衡分布；课堂练习：1 利用上下文语境挑选；leafthenlargelearnonesgrow thickhasmeanfirsteasybegineverybody loves oranges. they are sweet and juicy. they re in sections, so it is to eat them. someoranges do not have any seeds. some have a skin, and some have a thin

16、skin.(2) 依据文化背景和常识挑选；leafthenlargelearnonesgrow thickhasmeanfirsteasybegininenglish, orange both a fruit and a color. we use the name of the fruit for the color.(3) 单词辨义和固定搭配；it costs 3.70 for adults, 2 for_c_h4i3ld_r_enfoarnodver sixties and school groups. 43. a. littleb. fewc. lessd. fewer(4) 句子结构

17、和规律推理；scientists also 48 that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. in fact, people 49 their food faster when the music gets faster. some restaurants play fast music during their50 hours. this gets people to eat faster and leave quickly. restaurants 51 make spend even less.48. a. thinkb. hopec.

18、realize d. believe49. a. cookb. orderc. eatd. make50. a. freeb. busyc. happy d. sad51. a. canb. shouldc. can td. needn t5play依据句子所缺成分挑选；activityfavoritealsoandstoplifeexamplehappenbutnewmakefor example, learning can 59 when you go to a museum. it can 60. happen when you get a job.you learn when you

19、61. a sport or when you take a trip.（ 6）依据上下文语境（ 07 河北卷） how can you think in english. i think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day. during the 46 the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again. so he won t have to 47 passing the ball in t

20、he game, he will just do it.446. a. practiceb. breakc. gamed. day 47. a. wait forb. think aboutc. look atd. give up（ 7）依据文化背景和常识（ 08 武汉卷）i dug a deep hole next to the rock and i dug a small incline（ 斜坡） up to the rock and the rock63down into the hole by itself.63. a. layb. droppedc. walkedd. ran（ 8）

21、依据单词词义和固定搭配08 无锡卷）butthat winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not38them in a warm place.38. a. caughtb. foundc. hiddend. put（ 9）依据句子结构和规律推理_47you are in a group of six or more people, we48give you a special guided tour of the centre. but you49to arrange支配 this at the informat

22、ion desk when you50. 47.a.whenb. ifc. becaused. until48.a. canb. mustc. shouldd. have to 49.a.decideb. likec. hoped. need50.a.returnb. arrivec. leaved. travel（ 10）依据上下文语境（ 08 无锡卷）he bought more worms, which he took goodcare of. when winter came, he took them inside40they would stay warm. many people

23、 bought his worms.40. a. beforeb. untilc. thoughd. so（ 11）依据文化背景和常识（ 07 广西南宁卷）the students had a look at their workbooks and their 35 turned red at once. 35. a. facesb. nosesc. necksd. hands（ 12）依据词义与固定搭配（ 08 沈阳卷）i m becoming more and more interested 25 physics, and have decided that i want to 26 it

24、 at university. i m going to try to go to 27 montreal or ottawa university, as both 28 supposed to have good physics departments.25. a. inb. withc. atd. from 26. a. makeb. discoverc. studyd. keep27. a. neither b. eitherc. bothd. only28. a. haveb. hasc. ared. is（ 13）依据句子规律（ 08 安徽卷）why do people shake

25、 hands 54 shaking feet. this is because of the fact that a long time ago most people 55 knives or guns. if some of them decided that they did not want to 56 , they would show their empty hands. 57 people shook hands so that they could not 58 knives in their sleeves 袖子 . later on, hand-shaking became

26、 a symbol of 59 .554. a. such as b. as well as c. instead ofd. together with55. a. lostb. boughtc. caughtd. carried56. a. cheatb. fightc. dropd. speak57. a. perhapsb. happilyc. carefullyd. luckily58. a. hideb. liftc. pulld. push59. a. successb. victoryc. prided. peace【例题解析】1完形填空：阅读下面短文，选出正确答案：“ ring

27、ring” the toenleepshuddenly rang. sam got up to1the call. it was his aunt.are you still at home.” she asked surprisingly. sam 1ooked at the clock. it was already 7:30 a. m.2 “ sam,goodness. there s an importan3ttoday,” sam shouted out.he hurried to wash his face and get4. when he was going to leave

28、the house, he5that he had not put away his books. he ran quickly to the6and put them into the bag. he then went to the bus stop togo to school as7as he could. when he got into the classroom, his classmates were8writing.“ whyare you so9.” asked the teacher .“ i m sorry, sir,” sam answered,1a0frai.d“o

29、f iltowokaisngmyclock. it11to wake me up this morning and .”“ don't say anythisngteaabcohuetr it, 12him”.hi“ don t try to come late next time.” sam said yes and w1a3lked qtouihciksly. but when he tried to do thepaper, he could not14in a right way. he put his head on the desk and said, for me.”15day i“t hwashbaet ean1.a. findb. givec. putd. answer2.a. whyb. howc. whend. where3.a. talkb. partyc. examd. meeting4.a. tiredb. lostc. dressedd. rested5.a. forgotb. rememberedc. understoodd. thought6.a. classroomb. deskc. busd. door7.a. carefullyb. quietl