初中英语语法知识难点整理

1、【最新编排】-中学英语语法学问难点整理英语语法学问难点（）（）形容词和副词i 要 点a 形容词、形容词地用法形容词是用来修饰、描画名词地，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时仍可作状语. 如：he is honest and hardworking. i found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式. 如：the rich and the poor live in different parts of the city. the english like to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名

2、词地次序：冠词 +序数词 +基数词 +性质状态（描述性）+外形大小 +新旧老少 +颜色 +国籍 +材料 +名词 .如：the second five interesting big new red chinese wall papers.、形容词比较等级地势式（）规章形式般说来， 单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;-est来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-themost important（）不规章形式 good we

3、ll-better-best bad ill-worse-worst many much-more-mostlittle-less-least（ 3） 形容词比较等级地用法表示两者地比较，用形容词地比较级+than.如：he is cleverer than the other boys.this one is more beautiful than that one.表示两者以上地比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词） +ofin ."如：he is the cleverest boy in his class.表示两者是同等程度，用"as + 形容词原级

4、+as".如：he is as tall as i.i have as many books as you. 越.越.例如： the more i learn, the happier i am. you can never be too careful.越当心越好又如： you can never praise the teacher too highly.你怎么颂扬这个老师也不过分. i have never spent a more worrying day.那天是最令我担忧地天.i have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过地最好地顿饭. my

5、english is no better than yours.我地英语和你地英语都不怎么样. b副词、副词地种类（）时间副词如： ago, before,already,just,now, early,late,finally,tomorrow等（）地点副词如： here,there,near,around,in,out,up, down, back,away, outside等.（ 3） 方式副词如： carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely,nervously等 .（ 4） 程度副词如： almost,nea

6、rly,much, greatly,a bit,a little,hardly,so,very等.、副词比较等级地用法其用法与形容词相像，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词. 如：of all the boys he sings the most beautifully. we must work harder.3、 某些副词在用法上地区分（） already, yet, still already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于确定句；yet 表示期望某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句； still表示某事仍在进行，主要用于确定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句. 如：we've already w

7、atched that film.i haven't finished my homework yet. he still works until late every night.（） too, as well, also, eithertoo, as well和 also用于确定句和疑问句，too 和 as well多用于口语，般放在句末，而 also多用于书面语，般放在句中与动词连用.either用于否定句和否定地疑问句，往往放在句末. 如：he went there too.he didn't go there either.i like you as well.i a

8、lso went there.(3) hard, hardlyhardly意为 " 几乎 " 与 hard 在词义上完全不同. 如：i work hard every day.i can hardly remember that.(4) late, latelylately意为 " 最近、近来 " ， late意为 " 晚、迟 ". 如：he never comes late.have you been to the museum lately.ii 例题例 tom's father thinks he is already

9、a high enough b tall enoughc enough high c enough tall解析：该题正确答案是b. 修饰人高用tall,而建筑物地高用high, 并且 enough 修饰形容词要放在形容词后面. 因此该题选b.例 the worse i seem to be.a when i take more medicine b the more medicine i takec taking more of the medicine d more medicine taken解析：该题正确答案为b."the+ 形容词比较级+. , the +形容词比较级 +.

10、"意为越 .，越.该句意为：吃地药越多，我地病越是加重.例 3"i haven't been to london yet". "i haven't been there ".a too b also c either d neither解析：该题正确答案为c.a 和 b 都用于确定句中.d-neither本身意为否定" 两者都不 " ，而 c-either就用于否定句中，意为" 也".例 4 mr smith was moved at the news.a deep b deeply c

11、very deep d quite deeply解析：该题正确答案为 b.a. deep 用于副词时，修饰详细地深，如 dig deep, 而 b-deeply 就修饰表示感情颜色地词， 如该题为 deeply moved. 另如 deeply regret 等. 而 d-quite 和 deeply 均为副词，不能相互修饰 .（二）介词i 要点、介词和种类（）简洁介词， 常用地有 at,in,on, about,across,before,beside,for, to,without等.（）复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front

12、 of, instead of等.、介词和其他词类地习惯搭配关系（）和动词地搭配，如agreewith,ask for,belongto,breakaway from,careabout等.（）和形容词地搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at（ 3） 和名词地搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.3、介词短语可以有自己地修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly,completely等少数几个副词.

13、如：he came right after dinner.he lives directly opposite the school.4、 某些介词地意义与用法举例（） at, on, in（表时间）表示时间点用at, 如 at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定地时间或短期假日也用at, 如 atthat time, at christmas等.指某天用on,如 on monday, on the end of november,指某天地天天用on, 如 on friday morning,on the afternoon of september ls

14、t等.指长于或短于天地时段用in,如 in the afternoon, in february, in summer, in 999等.（） between, among（表位置）between 仅用于二者之间， 但说三者或三者以上中地每两个之间地相互关系时，也用 between,如i'm sitting between tom and alice. the village lies between three hills.among用于三者或三者以上之间. 如：he is the best among the students.（ 3） beside, besidesbeside意

15、为 " 在.旁边 " ，而 besides意为 " 除.之外 ". 如：he sat beside me.what do you want besides this.（ 4） in the tree, on the treein the tree指动物或人在树上，而on the tree指果实、树叶长在树上（ 5） on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way on the way指在路上in the way指挡道by the way指顺便问句in this way用这样地方法（ 6） in the co

16、rner, at the cornerin the corner指在拐角内at the corner指在拐角外（ 7） in the morning, on the morningin the morning是般说法on the morning特指某天地早晨（ 8） by bus, on the busby bus是般说法on the bus特指乘某辆车ii 例题例 do you know any other foreign language english.a except b but c beside d besides解析： a、b 两项 except等于 but ，意为 "

17、除了 ."， c-beside意为 " 在 .旁边 " ，不符合题意.而 d-besides,意为 " 除了 .之外，仍有 ". 所以该题正确答案为d. 该题意为：除了英语外，你仍知道别地语言吗？例 he suddenly returned a rainy night.a on b at c in d during解析：我们均知道，at night这短语，但假如night前有修饰词，表详细地夜晚，就要用介词 on 来修饰，故该题正确答案为a.例 3 i'm looking forward your letter.a to b in c

18、at d on解析：该题正确答案为a.look forward to为固定搭配，意为" 期望、希望 ".（三）连词i 要 点、连词地种类（）并列连词用来连接并列关系地词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both.and, either.or,neither.nor等.（） 从属连词用来引导从句，如 that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等 .除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，仍有其它可以用来引导从句地词类 . 它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句） ，关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句） .、常用连词举例 and和，并

19、且they drank and sang all night. both.and和，既.也. both my parents and i went there.3 but但是，而i'm sad, but he is happy.4 either.or或.或.， 要么 .要么 . either you're wrong, or i am.5 for由于i asked him to stay, for i had something to tell him.(6) however然而，可是af first, he didn't want to go there. later

20、, however, he decided to go.(7) neither.nor既不 .也不neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.(8) not only.butalso不但 .而且 .he not only sings well, but also dances well.(9) or或者，否就hurry up, or you'll be late. are you a worker or a doctor. 0 so因此，所以it's getting late, so i must go. although虽然a

21、lthough it was late, they went on working. as soon as .就i'll tell him as soon as i see him. 3 because由于he didn't go to school, because he was ill.（ 4） unless除非，假如不i won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.（ 5） until直到 .he didn't leave until eleven. 瞬时动词用于not. until结构 he stayed there unti

22、l eleven.（ 6） while当 .时候，而 表示对比 while i stayed there, i met a friend of mine. while后不行用瞬时动词 my pen is red while his is blue.（ 7） for由于he was ill, for he didn't come. 结论是推断出来地（ 8） since自从 .i have lived here since my uncle left.（ 9） hardly. when .就i had hardly got to the station when the train lef

23、t.（ 0） as far as就.来说as far as i know, that country is very small.you may walk as far as the lake. 直走到湖那里 ii 例 题例 john plays football , if not better than, david.a as well b as well as c so well d so well as解析：该题意为：john 踢足球假如不比david 好地话，那也踢得和david 样好 .和.样好为 as well as.故该题正确答案为b.例 she thoughti was tal

24、kingabouther daughter, ,infact,i was talkingabout my daughter.a when b where c which d while解析：该处意为 " 然而 " ，只有 while有此意思， 应选 d.例 3 would you likea cup of coffee shall we get down to business right away.a. and b. then c. or d. otherwise解析：该处意为" 或者 " ，正确答案为c.英语语法学问难点（二）（四）动词时态、语态i

25、要点、般现在时（）表示常常发生地动作或现在存在地状态，常与 sometimes,always,often,every day等时间状语连用 . 如：sometimes, we go swimming after school.（）表示客观真理、科学事实等. 如：the earth goes round the sun.、现在进行时 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行地动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用. 如：what are you doing now. 和 always, continually等连用，表种常常反复地动作，常含有某种情感. 如：he is always doing

26、 good deeds.3、 现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作直连续到现在，或可能仍要连续下去，常与 just, already, so far, once, never等词连用 . 如:have you ever been to beijing. 4、般将来时表示将来某时间要发生地动作或存在地状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用 . 如：i'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. we're going to see a film next monday.5、般过去时表示在过去

27、某时间或某阶段内发生地动作或存在地状态，常与 yesterday,lastyear,in 998, a moment ago等词连用 . 如：it happened many years ago.6、过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某时期正在发生地动作. 如：what were you doing this time yesterday.7、 过去完成时表示在过去某时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了地动作. 如：the train had already left before we arrived.、般过去将来时表示说话人从过去地角度来看将来发生地动作. 如：he said he would come

28、, but he didn't.、被动语态被动语态地时态，以give 为例 .ii 例题例 i learned that her father in 950.a had died b died c dead d is dead解析：该题正确答案为. 从句中地谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词地动作之前，但 因从句中有明确地过去时间状语in950,所以不用过去完成时态，而用般过去时态.例 the five-year-old girl by her parents. a is looked b has looked forc is being looked for d has been l

29、ooked解析：该题正确答案为. 在带有介词地动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否就就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态地句子中.（五）动词虚拟语气i 要 点表示说地话不是事实，或者是不行能发生地情形，而是种愿望、建议或与事实相反地假设等. 般常用于正式地书面语中.、虚拟语气地构成情形条件从句地谓语动词主句地谓语动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（ be 要用 were） should+动词原形would与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词should+have+过去分词would与将来事实相反 、动词过去时、 should +动词原形 、 were to +动词原形should动词原形w

30、ould注：假如条件从句谓语动词包含有 were 或 had, should, could 有时可将 if 省去 , 但要倒装 .如：had you if you had invited us, we would have come to your party.、 虚拟语气在各种从句地应用（）在主语从句中用来表示诧异、惋惜、 理应如此等， 其谓语形式是 "should可省 动词原形 " ，常用于以下三种句型中.句型： it is necessary important, natural, strange, etc that.句型二： it is a pity a shame

31、, no wonder, etc that.句型三： it is suggested requested, proposed, desired, etc that.如： it is strange that he should have done that. it is a pity that he should be so careless.it is requested that we should be so careless.（）在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request,order, command等

32、动词后地宾语从句中，表间接地命令和建议. 其谓语形式是"should+动词原形 ".如：i suggest that we should go swimming.（）在表语从句中，表示间接地命令，要求、恳求、建议、打算等，主句中地主语通常是 suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等 . 从句谓语形式是"should动词原形". 如：his suggestion is that we should leave at once.（）在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"should动词原形 ". 如：

33、we received order that the work be done at once.（）在 it is time that.句型中，其谓语动词形式是" 动词地过去式" 或 "should动词原形 ",should不行省 . 如：it's time that we went should go to school.ii 例题例 we had hoped that he longer.a stays b have stayed c stayed d would stay解析： 该题正确答案为.had hoped 表示 " 本期望

34、 " ，同样用法地动词仍有think,expect等，后面地句子需用虚拟语气例 "mary wants to see you today"."i would rather she tomorrow than today."a comes b came c should come d will come解析：该题正确答案为.would rather后面地从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示.例 had she been older, she it better. a had done b might have donec might do d wo

35、uld do解析： had she been older = if she had been old.故该题正确答案为.（六）短语动词i 要 点英语中有很多短语动词在意义上是个整体，其用法有地相当于及物动词，有地相当于不及 物动词，有地兼有及物动词和不及物动词地特点. 英语短语动词地构成主要有以下六种：（）动词介词常见地有lookfor,lookafter,send for,care about,ask for,laughat,hear of from, add to, lead to等. 这类短语动词地宾语只能放在介词后. 如：don't laugh at others.i didn

36、't care about it.（）动词副词常见地有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等. 这类短语动词地宾语假如是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语假如是人称代词或反身代词，就要放在副词前边 . 如：you'll hand in your homework tomorrow. please don't forget to hand it in.（）动词副词介词常见地有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to

37、, catch up with等.这类短语动词地宾语只能放在介词后边. 如：all his money added up to no more than $ 00.after a short rest, he went on with his research work.（）动词名词介词常见地有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of地宾语只能等. 这类短语动词放在介词后边. 如：you should pay attention to your handwriting.we should make full use of

38、our time.（）动词形容词常见地有leave open, set free, cut open等 . 这类短语动词地宾语假如是名词，就宾语可放在形容词地前边，也可放在后边；宾语假如是人称代词或反身代词，就必需放在形容词前边.如：the prisoners were set free. he cut it open.（）动词名词常见地有take place, make friends等. 这类短语动词用作不及物动词. 如：this story took place three years ago. i make friends with a lot of people.（ 7）辨析give

39、 away让给，暴露 和 give up（舍弃，停止） put away （放起，收起）和put out（扑灭） turn up（出席，放大）和turn on（打开） keep out（阻挡）和keep off（不让靠近） make up （编造，补上）和make out（辨认） take off（脱，起飞）和take out（拿出）ii 例题例 it is wise to have some money for old age.a put away b kept up c given away d laid up解析：该题正确答案为. 意为 " 存" ； keep up

40、意为 " 连续 " ； giveaway 意为 " 分发 " ； layup"贮藏 ".例 here's my card. let's keep in .a touch b relation c connection d friendship解析：该题正确答案为a. keep in touch为短语动词，意为" 保持联系 ".例 . there's a train coming.a look out b look around c look forward d look on解析：该题选a.

41、 look out意为 " 当心 ".（七）动词不定式i 要 点、不定式地势式. 以动词 write为例 .、不定式地句法功能（）作主语to hear from you is nice.to be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子地平稳，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后.如：it's nice to hear from you.it's not easy to be a good teacher.（）作宾语通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin,

42、 start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse,manage, help等词后 . 如：i forgot to lock the door.please remember to write to me.（）作表语my job is to pick up letters.he seemed to have heard nothing.（）作定语不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰地名词或代词后. 如：i have two letters to write. i have a lot of work to do.（）作宾补通常用于want, wish, a

43、sk, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后 . 如：he ordered her to leave at once. he was forced to obey his order.（）作状语he got up early to catch the first bus.he worked hard to catch up with the other students.（）作独立成分to tell you the truth, i told a lie.（） " 疑问词不定式" 结构 .如：i do

44、n't know how to choose them. i cannot decide where to go.（ 9）不定式地否定式. 如：i decided not to go.（ 0）不定式地完成式. 如：he seemed to have cleaned the room before i came in. the boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.（） too.to结构 . 如：he was too excited to go to sleep.he was only too glad to go

45、. 他太兴奋了，愿意去（）主动表被动. 如：the book is easy to read.i have a book to read.ii 例题例 i haven't got a chair .a to sit b for to sit on c to sit on d for sitting解析：该题选c.不定式 to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair.由于不定式和它所修饰地名词间是 " 动宾关系 " ，所以不定式必需是及物动词，故此处on 不能省略 .例 he was made .a go b gone c going d to go解析：该题选

46、d.make sb. do sth.假如是被动形式，不定式do 前地 to 不能省略 .例 3 a new factory is very soon.a to be built b built c to build d to building解析：该题选a.is to be built意为 " 将要被建 ".（八）动名词i 要 点动名词既具有动词地些特点，又具出名词地句法功能.、动名词地势式，以write为例 .否定式 not +动名词、动名词地用法（）作主语playing football is my favorite sport. travelling with fri

47、ends at weekend is fun.作主语地动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语 . 如：it is fun travelling with friends at weekend.（）作宾语i enjoy playing pc game.he gave up writing five years ago.（）作表语what he hated most was doing nothing. seeing is believing.动名词作表语时，句子地主语常是无生命名词或what 引导地名词性从句.（）作定语there's a dining room in my schoo

48、l. all the people watching laughed.（）动名词地复合结构" 物主代词（或名词地全部格）+动名词 ". 如：tom's going home late made her mother angry. would you mind my opening the window.不过，动名词地规律主语在遇到以下情形时，必需用名词地一般格（或人称代词地宾格）.无生命名词the girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing. fire burns better by oxygen being at

49、work.有生命名词，但表泛指.have you ever heard of girls smoking.两个以上地有生命地名词并列.do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day.3后面常接动名词地动词和短语mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine, keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,can't help doi

50、ng, it is no good doing, it is no use doing, look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing, devote to doing, lead to doingii 例题例 she says she doesn'tfeellikeoutwithyou.agoingb togo c forgoing d went解析：该题正确答案为a. feellike= want,此处 like为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语例 the garden needs .a water b

51、watering c to water d watered解析：该题正确答案为b. need = want = require.假如物作主语，此三者后要接动名词或tobe done 这结构作宾语 . 例 excuse me you. a interrupting b to interruptc interrupted d to have interrupted解析：该题正确答案为a.excuse后接动名词作宾语，此句中地me为动名词地规律主语（常用于口语中）.（九）分词i 要 点分词既具有动词地些特点，又具有形容和副词地句法功能. 它分为现在分词和过去分词两类. 现在分词和过去分词地主要差别在

52、于现在分词有般式和完成式，过去分词就只有般式. 现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动. 过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动. 过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动.过去分词地句法功能： 、作定语i like to read the novel written by lu xun.the woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.、作表语when i came into the room, i found the window was broken. i'm interested in this book.、作宾语补足语i'm going to have my bike repaired.when i walked home, i saw the thief caught by the police.4、作状语seen from the top of the mountain, th