宾语从句是初中英语一个重要的语法内容

1、宾语从句学习：宾语从句是初中英语一个重要的语法内容，同吋它也是中考必考的容易失分的一个项目。 要学好宾语从句，必须掌握好它的基本概念，基本特点和有关难点。基本概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，它在复 合句屮作主句谓语动词,介词或某些形容词的宾语。i think （that） you will like the students.they often worry about whether they can get the jobs基本特点：一选择合适的连结词。1. 词that （在口语、非正式文体中可以省略，本身没有意义）。引导陈述句做宾语从句。 如：i tel

2、l him that i have read the story.2. 连词if或wheth er （是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。do you know 讦 he will go to school tomorrow?3. 代词w ho （作主语）、whom （作宾语）、whose （定语）、which （主语、定语）；连接 畐ij词 whe nz why, how,where,（均作状语）。引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。shanghai he didn't know when he would leave for.二. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句屮主语一定

3、要放在谓语动词之前。（1主句（主语+谓语vt） + （that）从句（主语+谓语）；（2庄句+ if/whether从句（主语+谓语）;主句+连接代词who/whom/whose/what/w hich+陈述句语序（主语+谓语）；（4）主句+连接副词when/where/w hy/how+陈述句语序。使用时就注意连词的意义，是 否担任成份。例如：1）can you hear?a. what did he asy b. t hat he said c. what he s aid2）can you tell me ? what's your name ?can you tell me w

4、hat your name is ?3）he didn't under stand . can this machine work?he didn't understand if this machine could work.初中英语宾语从句复习概略（2）三. 要遵循时态的一致性原则。宾语从句屮谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。1主句是一般现在吋，宾语从句可以使用各种吋态。2. 主句是一般过去时，宾语从句时态要用与过 去相关的时态。比如，一般过去时，过去完 成时，过去将來时等等。he told me had collected three

5、hundred stamps .四. 相关的难点及考点。1. 连结词that的省略。在非正式场合下,that在引导宾语从句时可以省略。例如:i think （that） it is terrible.但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。2. whether不能换为if的情况。he ask ed me whethe r or not i w as thirsty.(该句中的 whether 不能换成 if,因为讦不能与 or连用。)3语序例外的特例。what's the matter ?作为宾语从句时有两种前况。当它的解释是“怎么了？ ”时，语序不要 变化。当它的解释是“

6、这是什么物质？ ”时，要变为陈述句语序。如：the teacher asked the students what the matter was.the teacher asked the students what was the matter ?3. 时态例外的特例。尽管主句是一般过去吋，但如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语吋态则 仍然一般现在时。女口：the teacher told us light travels much faster than sound .he said that the sun rises in the east.5. 宾语从句否定意义的转移。在

7、thin k, believe ,supp osejmagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移 至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：i don't think he has time to play with girl.6. 关于反意疑问句。在由宾语从句作为陈述部分的反意疑问句中，其疑问部分的构成方法是：“结构看从句，肯 定否定看主句”如：he thought it was late , wasn't it ?初中英语宾语从句复习概略(3)7. 宾语从句和状语从句的分辩。在某些情况下，同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。如if引导的宾

8、语从句或状语从句。 可以用以下方法来处理：当if解释为“是否”吋，其引导的是宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的吋态规则。he does n't know if the famous sin ger will come tomorrow.当if解释为“如果”时，其引导的是条件状语从句。遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。he will come if he has time tomorrow.五. 实践操练：1. in the b ookshop, a re ader asked t he shop keep erwho moved my ch eesew as an intere sting boo

9、k.a. that b. how c. wha t d. if2. i don't knowm r. green will come to see us.一he will help us with our english.a. why b. when c. how d . where3. wen ever k nowthe old m an is.一they say he is a teacher .a- wh at b who c. w hich d. where4 i w as toldbill gates was thirtee n he began t o play withc

10、omput ersa that how b. how that c. w hen that d. t hat when5. 一do you know? r m goi ng to see him.一sorry, i don't know a. wh ere does mr. u live b. wh ere did mr. l i livec. where mr. li lives d w here mr. li i ived6 . w here do you thinkhethe compute r?一so rry, i have n o idea.a- / ； bought b h

11、as； bough t c. did； buy d does； buy7 i don 't feel very well mum as ked methis mornin ga. w hat the matt er is b what is wrong c. what the mat ter was d wh at wrong was8. 一where is jack?hangzhou 一he is away to spend hi s holiday. he's gone eith er toor towuhan , butnot sure.a. th at b which

12、c where d. the re(以上题目选自全国各地中考试题)beijing9. do it cost muc h money to f ly to? cou id you tell me ?(合并为一个复合句)beijing could you tell meitmuch money to fly to ?irvine 10. some people wondered have mallory and reached the top first?(合并成一复合句)irvine some people wonderedmallory and reached the top firstnot

13、.11. do you know?a. what time will the plane take offb. what time would the plane take offc. what time the plane will take offd. the plane will take off at what time12. th e manager ca me up to seea. what was the matter b. what the matter wasc what the matter is d. what's the matter13. nobody bu

14、t jim and his uncle.a. know who is he b know who he isc. knows who is he d. knows who he is14. wa ng hai told me _he didn't go cycli ng yesterday after noon, (how,why)15. can you tell me _else is going to be on duty? (who, whom)16 .she saidit wouldn *t matter mu ch.(that, if )初中英语宾语从句复习概略17.he a

15、lways think scan do better.(how , who)18really don't knowthe bridge will be finished.(how long, howsoon)19.the teacher didn't begin her class the students stopped talking.a. u ntil b. becau se c. after d . when20f it tomorrow, well go to the great wall.a. doesn't rain b. wo n't rain

16、c. n ot rains d i sn't rain21. could you tell me we get to the plane?a. how b. whether c wh ere d. what22. when they got to the cinema, the film for the ten minutes.a. had been on b. has beg unc- b egan d. had b egun23. the teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster's deska. if

17、b. w ho c that d. what2 4.、lucy look s str on ger l ily.a - than b. as c - then d not as25know no thing about it he told me.a. beca use b. since c. until d af ter26.you must make your new house clean and safe you move in.a. becaus e b. whe n c b efore d. until27.1 was tired i couldn*t walk on.a- so-that b tootoc. very that d very-*to28thought he to see his mother if he time.a. will go-*-has b. will go w ill havec. would g o -would hav e d- wou