不定式的省略学习课程

1、第1页/共48页第一页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。第2页/共48页第二页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。第3页/共48页第三页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。一. 动词不定式的省略 动词不定式的省略:在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式to后内容相同的部分省略，只保留to。 第4页/共48页第四页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 1.省do留to.expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,hateprefer, refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面(宾语或宾补)。如:I asked him to see the film，but

2、 he didnt want to.在have to,need to,ought to,be going to,used to,be about to,be supposed to 等后面。在某些形容词pleased,glad,happy 等后面。-Will you join the game?-Id be glad to.否定形式的省略用not to。I went there because my mother asked me to.第5页/共48页第五页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。1. - You should have told her about it before you le

3、ft. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing it2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after m

4、y cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to BAD第6页/共48页第六页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。1. -Are you a sailor? - No, but I _ A. am not B. used to C. used to be D.used to being 2. -Why didnt you take part in my birthday party yesterday? -I_, but I had an unexpected guest.

5、A. would like to B. would like to have C.should D.wouldnt like to 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been通常保留be,have和have beenC CB B -He hasnt finished yet. -Well,he ought to have.第7页/共48页第七页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。当当want 和和like用于从句中时，用于从句中时，to也也常省略。常省略。 Come when you want.I have decided to do what I like.第8页/共48页第八页，编

6、辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。More practice Have you got the book? No, _, but I didnt get it. A. I tried B. I tried to C. I tried to get D. I tried it 答：B。to保留，其后的动词省略。第9页/共48页第九页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。Would you like to go with us? _, but Im busy now.A. Id love B. Id love to C. I love D. Id like答：B。第10页/共48页第十页，编辑于星期日：八点

7、五十二分。- Arent you the manager?- No, and I_ A. dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont wantB第11页/共48页第十一页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 Are you a student? No, but I_. A. used to B. used C. used to be D. used to was 答：C。 used to 也是不定式省略的一种形式，如Do you often go there? No, but I used to.但动词be一般不省。第12页/共4

8、8页第十二页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。第13页/共48页第十三页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答：A。to保留，to后的动词省略。第14页/共48页第十四页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。2. 省to留do的用法。第15页/共48页第十五页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。l I hope to finish my job and (to)

9、 go back home. 我希望做完事回家。 lWhat we could do was (to) get away. （主语从句中含有do，那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to） lThere is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服从命令之外，我们别无他法。（介词but前如有do，but后可省略to）l To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡，这就是问题所在。（莎士比亚） It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。第16页/共48页第十六页

10、，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。(作表语时可省可不省) 当两个并列的不定式在意义上表示对比关系时，后面的不定式一般不省略toto。 It was better to laugh than to cry. It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。 What we can do now is (to) wait.What we can do now is (to) wait.第17页/共48页第十七页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。第18页/共48页第十八页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。can not but, can not choose but, c

11、an not help but+do sth.(+do sth.(toto一定要省) )不得不做I can not but admire his courage. I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。prefer to do sth rather thanwould rather do than+do sth.(+do sth.(toto一定要省) )第19页/共48页第十九页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。1. I1. Id rather _ there alone.d rather _ there alone.A. to go B. g

12、oing C. go D. wentA. to go B. going C. go D. went答：C C。 would rather would rather后接省去toto的不定式。2. He would rather die than _.2. He would rather die than _.A. giving in B. give in A. giving in B. give in C. to give in D. gave inC. to give in D. gave in答：B B。 would rather.than. would rather.than.表示“宁愿而

13、不”，后接省去toto的不定式。第20页/共48页第二十页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。.介词but, except(除了)前有do的形式时，后面的不定式要省略to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 do nothing buthave nothing to do but/exceptThere is nothing to do but+do sth. +do sth. ( (一定要省) )说明：butbut之前有实义动词dodo的某个形式do, does, do, does, did, done did,

14、done 时，不带to, to, 否则要带toto。 （口诀：有dodo无to, to, 无dodo加toto 或do but dodo but do）We have nothing to do now but wait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。He has no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这个事实他别无选择。第21页/共48页第二十一页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。二. 状语从句的省略第22页/共48页第二十二页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。第23页/共48页第二十三页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。连词(as, as if, once+名

15、词)Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.连词(though, whether, when)+形容词Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret.连词(when, while, though)+现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.连词(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词连词(as if, a

16、s though)+不定式He opened his mouth as if (he were ) to speak.(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构:第24页/共48页第二十四页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever. He came home earlier than (he was) expected.She works as hard as young people.(2)当从句主语是 It,谓语动词有含有系动词

17、be时,可以把 it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（ if ， unless, when，whenever）+形容词的结构。(3)在than或asas引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。Unless（it is ）necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.第25页/共48页第二十五页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。: :省略在省略在as ifas if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多. . 1. Tom raised his hand as if (he was going) to sa

18、y something. 2. He acted as if (he was) a fool. 3. She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry. 4. He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time. 5.The player stood still as if (he was ) turned to stone. 6. He opened the drawer as if (he was )in search of something importa

19、nt. : as ifas if用于省略句中, ,如果as if as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as ifas if 后就只剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。第26页/共48页第二十六页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 if类省略结构小结 if从句省略“主语+be” 若if从句的主语与主句主语一致，且if从句的主语后跟有动词be，那么通常可以省略if从句的“主语+be”。 由if等构成的此类省略形式 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经的话 if not如果没有的话 if so 如果这样的话 if possible 如果可能的

20、话 if necessary 如果必要的话第27页/共48页第二十七页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 1. if any 即使有（任何），如果有 Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors). 如有错误就请订正。 There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。第28页/共48页第二十八页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 2. if ever （即使有也）极少，难得 He seldom if ever travels abroad. 他到

21、国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。 He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。第29页/共48页第二十九页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 3. if not 假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则 I might see you tomorrow. If not, then itll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。 有时not还可修饰另一个词语。如： This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the o

22、ldest. 这是城里最古老的建筑之一，如果不是最古老的话。 His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable. 他的发音如果说不算好，至少也还过得去。第30页/共48页第三十页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 1If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？ if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义。如果表示否定意义，则用if not。 Will you be free this Sunday? If_so,_lets go

23、 camping.这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。 Is anybody feeling cold? If_not,_let us open the windows.有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，我们把窗子打开。 归纳拓展4.if so4.if so意为“如果是这样的话”，第31页/共48页第三十一页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 注意以下if so与if not连用的情形： Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your

24、room by 12:00? 您要再住一晚吗? 如果是这样，我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。如果不是，您能在12点前离开这房间吗? 第32页/共48页第三十二页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。5.if possible 如果可能的话 If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去 6. if necessary 如果有必要的话 I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要我可以早点来。 If necessary, Jim might shorten it. 如果有必要，吉姆可以把它缩

25、短。第33页/共48页第三十三页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。三.用so或not代替上文内容 Get up early tomorrow. If not( you dont get up early), you will miss the early bus. He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note. 第34页/共48页第三十四页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 - -Do you suppose he is going to attend the Do you suppose he is

26、 going to attend the meeting? meeting? I suppose not. I suppose not.第35页/共48页第三十五页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do,expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等连用 1.believe,think,expect，suppose 的否定前后都行。 I believe not.=I dont believe so.2. Im afraid, ,fe

27、ar,guess, hope 的否定只能位于后面。 Im afraid not. I guess not. I hope not.第36页/共48页第三十六页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 a.-Do you believe our team will win? - I guess so -I guess not . b.Do you think it will rain? I hope so . I hope not.第37页/共48页第三十七页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。3.do,does, did 的替代前面的谓语动作。-Shall I invite Ann to my birth

28、dayparty tomorrow evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C. invite D. doD D第38页/共48页第三十八页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 1.()-Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken. -Oh,I_. A. hope not to B. hope not C. hope not so D. dont hope so 温馨提示 hope、guess和be afraid肯定用so, 但是从句为否定时，只能用于 “主

29、语+hope/be afraid/ guess+ not”结构.B B第39页/共48页第三十九页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 -Would you like to join us in the game? -_, for I have something important to attend to. (08福建)A. I will B. I d love to C. I wont D. I m afraid notD D第40页/共48页第四十页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?_.A.I d

30、ont believe B.I dont believe itC.I believe not so D.I believe not D D第41页/共48页第四十一页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 Do you think youll get a pay rise next year? _. A. I hope so B. Im afraid so C. I believe not so D. Who says it 答：A。I hope so. 我希望如此。第42页/共48页第四十二页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。 Do you think its going to rain over

31、the weekend? _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 答：D。Do you think (believe, suppose, expect) .?等句式的肯定回答是 I think (believe, expect, suppose) so。其否定回答形式是 I think (believe, expect, suppose) not. 或 I dont (think, expect, suppose) so。第43页/共48页第四十三页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二

32、分。高考链接：高考链接： 1.1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004great success. (NMET 2004全国卷全国卷II) II) A. introducing B. introduced A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced C. introduce D. being int

33、roduced 2.2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷全国卷IV) IV) A. questioning B. having questioned A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be question

34、ed C. questioned D. to be questioned BC第44页/共48页第四十四页，编辑于星期日：八点 五十二分。3.3. The man we followed suddenly stopped The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see C. to have seen D. to see 4.4. Generally speaking, _ according to Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. the directions, the drug