AlcoholTobaccoCaffeine学习课程

1、Addictions What is an addiction? Continued involvement with a substance or activity despite ongoing negative consequences.第1页/共32页第一页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Addictions Addiction: tolerance, psychological dependency, and withdrawal symptoms第2页/共32页第二页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Addictions What is the difference between

2、a habit and an addiction?第3页/共32页第三页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Alcohol Overview 65% of Americans consume alcohol High or Lower then you thought? Alcohol and College Students 90% of college students consumed alcohol in the last year, according to a 2004 survey Many students have a misperception about “normal dr

3、inking” behavior, and believe their peers drink more than they actually do. Agree or Disagree?第4页/共32页第四页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Binge Drinking Binge Drinking and College StudentsWhat is binge drinking? On one single occasion: 5 drinks in a row for a man 4 drinks in a row for a woman第5页/共32页第五页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十

4、五分。Absorption & Metabolism Absorption in stomach 20% Absorption in small intestine 80% Factors that influence absorption: Concentration of the drink Amount consumed Food in the stomach Wine and beer absorbed more slowly than distilled beverages Carbonated alcoholic beverages (champagne & spa

5、rkling wines) absorbed more quickly than non-carbonated The more alcohol you consume, the longer absorption takes第6页/共32页第六页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Table 8.2第7页/共32页第七页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Blood Alcohol Issues Breathalyzers and Urinalysis Both measure a persons blood alcohol concentration (BAC) BAC: ratio of alc

6、ohol to total blood volume Alcohol Poisoning Death from alcohol Two ways this happens 1) CNS and respiratory depression 2) Inhalation of vomit or fluid into the lungs第8页/共32页第八页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Effects of Alcohol Immediate Effects of Alcohol Dehydration Water is lost from cerebrospinal fluid Alcohol

7、irritates the gastrointestinal system Hangovers Alcohol and Drug Interactions第9页/共32页第九页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Effects of Alcohol Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Nervous system Cardiovascular system Liver disease Cirrhosis Alcoholic hepatitis Cancer Chronic inflammation of pancreas Impairs ability to recogniz

8、e and fight bacteria & viruses Reduced Calcium Absorption第10页/共32页第十页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Alcohol and Pregnancy Alcohol can harm fetal development duh! Even a single exposure to high levels can cause damage! Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Mental retardation, small head, tremors, and abnormalities of fa

9、ce, limbs, heart, and brain FAS is the 3rd most common birth defect in the United States Fetal Alcohol affects: low birth weight, irritability, mental impairment. 第11页/共32页第十一页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Identifying a Problem Drinker Abuse interferes with: Work School Social/Family

10、relationships Alcoholism = alcohol dependency Tolerance Psychological dependence Withdrawal第12页/共32页第十二页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Causes Biological and family factors* Social and cultural factors Family attitudes Urbanization Weakening of family links Combination of heredity and e

11、nvironment第13页/共32页第十三页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Alcoholism Questions to Ponder:- Can YOU have just one drink?- Could you stop drinking without help?- Can you go out and not drink?- Is your drinking interfering with work / school / relationships?第14页/共32页第十四页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Smoking Financial Costs to Society

12、(2004) $75.5 billion in medical expenditures $60 billion covered by Medicaid / Medicare Smoking Facts (2004) Second most preventable cause of death (Obesity) 440,000 Americans die a year 50 times that of illegal drug deaths Teen smokers = 21.8%第15页/共32页第十五页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。第16页/共32页第十六页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五

13、分。What are you inhaling? Nicotine along with 4,700 chemical substances Carry particulate matter in concentrations that are 500,000 times greater than those of the most air-polluted cities in the world! Particulate matter condenses into TAR in the lungs, which contains cancer-causing agents such as p

14、henol.第17页/共32页第十七页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。 Cilia keeps your lungs clean, expels foreign matter out For one hour after smoking a cigarette, cilia are paralyzed causing accumulation of tar and other chemicals to build on the lungs. Release of carbon monoxide (800 times higher than the level considered safe b

15、y the EPA), which causes oxygen deprivation to body tissues.第18页/共32页第十八页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Tobacco and Its Effects Physiological Effects of Nicotine Stimulates CNS Stimulates adrenal glands Increases production of adrenaline (SNS) Increases heart rate Increases respiratory rate Increases blood pressur

16、e Increases clotting characteristics of Red Blood Cells第19页/共32页第十九页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Tobacco and Its Effects Health Hazards of Smoking Cancers Lung 85-90% associated with smoking Pancreatic Lip Esophagus Tongue Cardiovascular Disease Smokers have 70% higher death rate Stroke Smokers are 2 times more

17、likely to suffer第20页/共32页第二十页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Tobacco and Its EffectsHealth Hazards of Smoking (continued) Respiratory Disorders Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Sexual Dysfunction Males are 2 times more likely to suffer from impotence第21页/共32页第二十一页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Environmental Tobacco Smoke Risks from E

18、TS Mainstream Sidestream more carcinogens ETS is responsible for deaths Sidestream smoke causes more deaths a year than any other environmental pollutant Children exposed第22页/共32页第二十二页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Quitting Breaking the Nicotine Addiction 1/3 attempt to quit a year 90% fail Many programs exist to

19、help with quitting Nicotine withdrawal is experienced Nicotine Replacement Products Nicotine chewing gum Nicotine patch Nicotine nasal spray Nicotine inhaler第23页/共32页第二十三页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Figure 8.5第24页/共32页第二十四页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Caffeine Caffeine Facts Mild stimulant to CNS Increases heart rate Increa

20、ses oxygen consumption Increases urinary output Increases wakefulness第25页/共32页第二十五页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Caffeine Side Effects of Caffeine Insomnia in some Irregular heartbeat Dizziness Nausea Indigestion Loss of personal financial control while transferring earnings directly to Starbucks.第26页/共32页第二十六页，编

21、辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Table 8.4第27页/共32页第二十七页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Caffeine Caffeine Addiction Drink more when coming down Caffeinism (caffeine intoxication) jitters, muscle twitch, insomnia, irritability Withdrawing may produce headaches Psychological tolerance第28页/共32页第二十八页，编辑于星期五：九点 五十五分。Are you addicted? Simple test: Do not consume caffeine for four hour