高考地理二轮总复习 微专题1 地理位置课件 (22)

1、第一编专题四语法填空和短文改错专题四语法填空和短文改错第第1讲语法必备讲语法必备重点一动词形式最常考，重点一动词形式最常考，“谓谓”与与“非谓非谓”要辨清要辨清考点二复杂多变的非谓语动词考点二复杂多变的非谓语动词知考向语法填空侧重考查非谓语动词作宾语、定语、状语；而短文改错主要考查固定用法和介词后动名词作宾语。定考点若在句中找到了谓语动词，而找不到连词(含并列连词或从句连词)，则考虑用非谓语动词形式。1 1真题体验真题体验2 2即时巩固即时巩固3 3素能强化素能强化真真 题题 体体 验验正面解读增分语法填空考法1非谓语动词作宾语句型公式法1(2017全国卷)Fast food is full

2、of fat and salt； by _ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 解析：句意：通过吃更多快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过他们所需的脂肪和盐分。介词by之后接动名词作宾语，表示“通过做某事”，表方式。eating2(2018天津)I didnt mean _(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _ (try) it. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我不打算吃任何

3、东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语mean to do(打算做)，couldnt help doing忍不住做。3(2017全国卷)But unlike her school friends,16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _(rest). 解析：句意：但是和她的学校朋友不同，16岁的萨拉不是用半个学期休息。spend time doing sth。“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。to eattryingresting4(2017全国卷)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows a

4、long with top models wants _(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty解析：句意：但是已和其他超模一起走过各种秀场的萨拉想证明自己智慧与美貌并存。want to do sth. “想要做某事”。5(2016全国卷)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely _(bring) your work home. 解析：句意：如果你发现在工作之外有你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能会把工作带回家里。be likely

5、to do sth. “可能做某事”。to proveto bring6(2015全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _ (use)electric equipment. 解析：句意：土坯房值得赞扬的是它们不用电器自动调节房屋温度的能力。设空前是介词without，故该空用动名词作宾语。without doing sth. “在不做某事的情况下”。7(2014全国卷)I

6、 heard a passenger behind me shouted to the driver，but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop. 解析：句意：我听见我后面有个乘客冲着司机大喊，但司机坚持要到下一站才停车。refuse to do sth. “拒绝做某事”。8(2017江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _(shape) your year ahead. 解析：句意：在年底对一年的成败进行快速的回顾有助

7、于你下一年的发展。设空作动词help的宾语，应用不定式或不带to的不定式，故填shape/to shape。help (to) do sth. “帮助做某事”。to stopshape/to shape提示词是动词，若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作宾语时，应用非谓语动词。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构在介词(如by，about，with，for，after to等)之后作宾语应用动名词。若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语，则应填不定式：agree，afford，choose，decide，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，pretend，plan，pro

8、mise，refuse，want，wish，would like，used to等。名 师 点 津若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语，则应填动名词：admit，allow，advise，avoid，consider，escape，enjoy，keep，finish，feel like，get down to，include，involve，mind，miss，practice，recommend，suggest等。mean，forget，regret，try，go on，remember等可接动名词或不定式作宾语，应注意联系语境和动词(短语)用法确定填动名词或不定式作宾语。believe/c

9、onsider/find/feel itadj. to do sth. 中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。考法2非谓语动词作定语关系分析法9(2016全国卷)I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析：句意：我是第一个被允许拍摄照顾从野外营救的大熊猫专辑的西方记者。permit与其逻辑主语reporter是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式后置定语。be permitted t

10、o do sth. 被容许做某事；permit sb. to do sth. “容许某人做某事”。错解分析：此空极易受句式the first名词to do sth. 影响误填to permit。名词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式做后置定语，但条件是主语与不定式是逻辑上的主谓关系。permitted练有小得：记牢以下动词的形式变化permitpermittedpermittedpermittingstopstoppedstoppedstoppingadmitadmittedadmittedadmittingsubmitsubmittedsubmittedsubmittingequipequippe

11、dequippedequipping10(2015全国卷)A study of travelers _(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 解析：句意：在“猫途鹰”网站所做的一份游客调查中，阳朔被确定为世界十大旅游目的地之一。本句的谓语动词是 names，by the website TripAdvisor是分词短语作后置定语，修饰study，conduct与study之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。conducted

12、11(2015全国卷)It regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 解析：句意：该公司经常在阳朔为住在上海和香港的人们安排方便的度假。people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。12(2017北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife， _from butterflies to elephants. 解析：句意：公园里有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象种类繁多。分析句子

13、结构可知设空在句中作定语，a large collection of wildlife与range是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。range from. to. 意为“包括(从到之间)的各类事物”。livingranging13(2017天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _. 解析：句意：开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。本空所在部分利用have sth. to do结构，表“有某事要做”，不定式作定语修饰名词a train。to catch提示词是动词，且句中已有谓

14、语，根据非谓语动词与主语的逻辑关系确定何种形式作定语。若表将来的动作用不定式to do；如表将来的被动的动作用to be done。若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v. ing)；若与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词(v. ed)。若表被动且正在发生的动作用being done。看见序数词最高级(名词)，用不定式作定语。抽象名词ability，chance，opportunity，plan，promise等后常用不定式作后置定语。名 师 点 津考法3非谓语动词作主语和表语成分分析法14(2014全国卷)It took years of work _ (reduce) the industri

15、al pollution and clean the water. 解析：句意：减少工业污染的净化河水需要多年的工作。it takes/took. to do sth. “做某事花费/需要”，为固定句式，故填不定式to reduce。该句式中it是形式主语，不定式短语才是真正的主语。to reduce15(2014全国卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint). 解析：句意：公交站有很多人在等车，他们中有些人看上去非常焦虑和失望。

16、在句中作系动词looked的表语，说明people的心理感受，应用以ed形式结尾的分词，故填disappointed，意为“失望的”。disappointed16(2017浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish. 解析：句意：帕尔森和丈夫认为戒指可能是被扫到一堆厨房垃圾里去了。设空前是系动词got，设空在句中作表语，sweep与the ring是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作表语。 sweep的过去式和过去分词形式分别是swept

17、，swept。swept17(2017上海卷)Do you find yourself getting impatient or _ (annoy) with people over unimportant things？解析：句意：你发现自己变得不耐烦或因为一些无足轻重的事情而生人们的气吗？设空在句中与impatient并列作系动词get的表语，说明yourself的心理感受，应用以ed形式结尾的分词，故填annoyed，意为“生气的”。1非谓语动词作主语首先判断所给动词应用非谓语动词形式，根据句子结构判断句中缺主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用动名词/不定式作主语。表一般的动作要用动名词，

18、表具体的动作用不定式。掌握用动名词/不定式作主语的句型：a. Itsadj. (for/of sb. )to do sth. b. Its no use/good/fun/a waste of time doing sth. c. It takes sb. some time/moneyto do sth. d. Its worthwhile to do/doing sth. 名 师 点 津2非谓语动词作表语提示词是动词，设空前是系动词，根据句子结构确定用不定式或分词作表语。表抽象的动作要用动名词，表具体的动作用不定式。表“令人感到的”用现在分词；表“感到的”用过去分词。考法4非谓语动词作状语

19、和补语辨清逻辑关系18(2018北京)During the MidAutumn Festival，family members often gather together _(share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“ _ a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以

20、置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。to share19(2018天津)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs _(take). 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。20(2016全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots， _(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. 解析：句意：人们可能用很大的锅做饭并

21、用树枝搅动。People与use是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，表伴随。takenusing21(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day. 解析：句意：墙壁已放出热量，并足以在炎热的白天冷却房屋。根据固定句式beadj. enough to do“足以”，不定式作结果状语。22(2017浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier，Pahlsson had remo

22、ved the diamond ring _ (cook) a meal. 解析：句意：帕拉森取下戒指做饭。“取下戒指”的目的是为了做饭，故此处应用不定式作状语表示目的。to coolto cook23(2017天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， _ (allow) more patients to be treated. 解析：句意：这家医院近期获得了新的医疗设备，这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。非谓语动词所表示的动作allow与其逻辑主语(前面的整个句子)是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表自然而然的

23、结果。句中应记住的用法allow sb. to do sth. “容许某人做某事”。allowing1分析逻辑关系作状语：表伴随、时间、或条件等要用现在/过去分词，若表自然而然的结果用现在分词。作状语：表目的、出乎意料的结果或在形容词之后作状语，用不定式。如非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且正在进行，用doing。如非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表完成，用done。名 师 点 津2牢记4种用法allow/beg/command/encourage/expect/forbid/persuade/tell等sb. to do sth. “五看三使两听一感觉”的感官动词(look at，

24、see，watch，notice，observe，make，let，have，hear，listen to，feel)sb. do sth. 主语系动词形容词(easy，hard，impossible，important等)to dotooadj. /adv. to doadj. enoughto do反面解读破解短文改错设错点1谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用1(全国卷)Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner. _ 解析：句意：下午晚些时候喝茶是午饭和晚饭之间的过渡。动词原形在句中不能作主语

25、，应改为动名词形式。2(2015浙江卷)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. _ 解析：句意：教室的能看风景位置使我觉得像在做梦。make sb. feel like“使某人觉得像”。make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”。HaveHavingfeltfeel句中已有谓语动词，如再出现动词，又没有并列连词，应考虑非谓语动词形式，根据其在句中所作成分和逻辑关系，判断其形式是否正确。名 师 点 津设错点2介词后动词形式错误3(2016全国卷)We can choose

26、between staying at home and take a trip. _ 解析：句意：我们可以在待在家中和旅行之间选择。between. and. 连接两个并列的动名词。taketaking4(2016全国卷)After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing. _ 解析：句意：看了一会儿玩具，他转身发现父母不见了。介词After之后应接动名词作宾语。5(2016全国卷)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. _解析：句意：通过穿奇装异服，我向他们表明我独立了。介词by之后应接动名词作宾语。lookslookingwearwearing掌握介宾标志after，by等介词之后应接动名词作宾语。含有介词to的短语如look forward to，lead to，when it comes to be devoted to等后接动词时需用动名词。名 师 点 津设错点3不定式符号to的多余或缺失或不定式后动词形式用错6(2017全国卷)When summer came，the