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燃气透平式压缩机的结构设计,燃气,透平,压缩机,结构设计
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附录A 英文原文The entire machine bucket centrifugal compressor gas seal positioning the Boss WeldingLiu Dongju Hafu the Indian Ocean Tong Ming-chen / Shenyang Blower (Group) Co., Ltd. Abstract: The cylinder-type centrifugal compressor gas seal Boss caused due to operational deficiencies, so as to the Welding Technology. Welding on the choice of methods were compared, specifying the use of hand-TIG welding method of Welding Technology Practice has proved that good results. Key words: centrifugal compressor seal Boss Welding CLC: TH452 code: BRep air Welding of Allocating Convex for Dry Ga sSeal in Barrel Typ e Centrifugal Compre ssorAbstract:Repair welding technology of allocatingconvex for dry gas seal in barrel type cent rif ugalCompressor caused by operation fault is int ro2duced.The selections of repair welding technolo2gy are compared,and t he repair welding technol2ogy using handwork gas t ungsten arc welding isdetailed.The result wit h good effect is got.Key words:Cent rif ugal Compressor Seal convexRepair welding1.IntroductionTaiwan assembly in a tube-type gas compressor seal, found in the left and right end cancelled with the installation of dry gas seal, by drilling a vent drilling dry gas seal positioning Boss, Boss to seal damage, destruction of Up to 25 mm 10mm 7mm (see Figure 1 in the F), resulting in dry gas seal targeting local plastic ring seal bad. Left and right to cover their own water pressure test, the pressure for the 30 M Pa, after passing the cover and chassis pressure test done at the same time, pressure to 20 MPa, medium for helium. The product of the media for circulating hydrogen gas, under pressure 16 MPa; if not sealed Boss Welding not only affects the appearance quality is more important to the functioning unit will be sealed leak caused a serious, but will also affect gas The use of sealed, leading to paralysis and crew shutdown process, the consequences would be unthinkable. Left and right cover material for KMN materials, the special material, very difficult Welding, the left and right cover has been finished, if Welding improper measures will cause cracks, after welding deformation, the most serious is the result of the components scrapped.Figure 1 Cover Welding regional plans2 KMN briefing materials KMN material is my company centrifugal compressor impeller welding, end caps, and other special materials. The material for chromium molybdenum alloy, solder needed before preheating, after welding need to heat treatment, in the use of state-quality, complex welding process, welding materials used KMN dedicated electrode. 3 Welding Methods Laser 3.1 cold welding As left and right cover has been finished, dry gas seal targeting Taiwan has finished processing, welding heat input will lead solder after deformation. To prevent deformation after welding, welding is the preferred method of cold welding. In order to ensure the quality of Welding, the author and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of metal surface laser fusion of professional and technical personnel, the quality of the scene, can be used to confirm whether the cold welding method Welding. Laser fusion welding surface of the technical staff to cover KMN of performance, welding, etc., are familiar, Welding position in the middle of the cover, to confirm the repair welding electrodes when contact is very difficult, even if exposure to welding electrodes Efficiency is very low, quality is difficult to ensure that, in the face of this situation, it is not appropriate to confirm the laser cold welding. 3.2 manual arc welding Using manual arc welding to repair welding, flexible. As KMN material is material for the company, has dedicated KMN electrode, welding materials and welding no problems after the performance. Welding is to be the key to the left and right end caps are in place after finishing the dry gas seal region, Welding before preheating required welding, heat treatment after welding, manual arc welding of the great heat input will increase Welding The regional heat input, heat input of the constantly increasing, and will lead solder after deformation. If a deformation, which means that the left and right cover will be scrapped, we should not use this method. 3.3 manual TIG welding Welding is the use of argon gas for the protection of a welding method. Welding, argon arc in the formation of the protection of the surrounding gas, molten metal, tungsten wire and extremism is not the first contact with air. Argon is an inert gas, it does not react chemically with the metal, very stable. Therefore, in the process of being welded metal and welding wire in the alloying elements not burning. In addition, Argon do not dissolve in metal, it can not be formed in the metal in the stomata. With these characteristics, can be used welding quality of the weld. The use of welding parts to repair welding, more fully the reasons are: (1) As the argon arc by the compression and cooling, allowing more concentrated arc energy, small heat-affected zone, the deformation is small; (2) Weld Central slag, welder in operation can clearly see the pool and the formation of the weld, easy to operate; (3) operation from space location restrictions, suitable for all-position welding; (4) suitable for welding and non-ferrous metal alloy steel, stainless steel, high-temperature alloy steel, special steel and refractory metals such as the activity. Based on the characteristics of welding, using welding on the left and right cover to seal the Welding most appropriate. 4 .manual TIG welding Welding Technology 4.1 welding technical parameters Equipment Model: Osaka, Japan OTC companys AC2CU TI G 300 P pulse welding machine; Power Polarity: DC is received; Tungsten: Ce tungsten; diameter: 3.2 mm; Extended Length: 7 mm; Argon purity: 99.99%; argon gas flow rate: 8 L / min; Nozzle diameter: 10 mm; tungsten extreme workpiece distance: 4 mm; Arc: by high frequency arc-arc; Welding current: 110 120 A; Welding voltage: 20 22 V. 4.2 welding pre (1) Welding with the oil-alcohol, acetone thoroughly cleaned. (2) check the power, water, gas, such as whether or not the normal way. (3) KMN 3.2 mm electrode-skin cleared, sandpaper after finishing with acetone clean, do Welding filled with wire. 4.3 points (1) arc advance of 5 10 s transmission argon, in order to rule out the possibility of Welding and welding pieces by the air-conditioning argon gas flow. (2) Welding the first layer using the left-welding method, the second layer by the right-welding, and from then to Welding. After a weld seam equivalent to a pre-tempered, eliminate stress the role played by the left-welding, the right-welding, turn to each other Welding of meat, until the end of the welding. (3) Welding short arc welding used to enhance the protection, but will reduce the width of the heat-affected areas and to prevent deformation of Welding. (4) filled wire to uniform, in the pool in front of a metal-joining, do not disturb argon flow and not with the tungsten Xiangpeng. (5) Welding dying, we should add more wire, and then slowly started to prevent the generation of arc pit. (6) Welding finished, cut off power, must be within 3 5 s to send the protection of gas, tungsten and pool until slightly cooled the region, the unaspirated stop and avoid areas of Welding. After testing five Welding Welding colored surface after their inspection, the surface without any deficiencies. Welding after passing inspection Department for manual grinding, grinding to meet the requirements, then Kim Sang fine sandpaper to throw. Welding the fine after throwing the metal color, luster, with the full - Metal color, luster consistent, it can not see signs of Welding. Conclusion (1) using manual TIG welding, the left and right have Cover Finishing the dry gas seal positioning Boss Department Welding, is the most Welding the ideal method. (2) the use of hand-TIG welding left and right to welding, And from each other alternately to repair welding, welding without preheating, after welding No heat treatment, Welding good effect, no deformation of the workpiece. (3) high-pressure centrifugal compressor in the bucket in the case, in On the left and right end of the dry gas seal with a convex targeting Taiwan into the Welding Gong, ensuring product quality and delivery scheduleCentrifugal domestic refrigeration compressors that idea Abstract: centrifugal refrigeration compressor characteristics, application conditions and trends; development of the difficulty of centrifugal compressor, the focus and countermeasures; development of the centrifugal compressor roughly steps. Keyword: Centrifugal domestic refrigeration compressors 1. centrifugal refrigeration compressor characteristics. Centrifugal refrigeration compressor as a speed-type compressors, has the following advantages: (1) Cold in the same circumstances, particularly in the large-capacity, compared with the screw compressors, eliminating a huge oil installations, units of smaller size and weight, small footprint; (2) Centrifugal compressor compact simple structure, movement of small, reliable, durable, low operating costs; (3) Easy to implement multi-level compression and a variety of evaporation temperature, cooling easy to implement the middle, making lower power consumption; (4) Centrifuges group mixes the oil is extremely small, the heat exchanger on the effect of smaller units with high efficiency. Has the following shortcomings: (1) Rotor speed higher, in order to guarantee a certain width impeller, must be used for large and medium-sized flow of occasions, not suitable for small flow occasions; (2) Pressure than the low single-stage, in order to get a higher pressure than required to adopt the multi-stage impeller, but also with the general growth rate of gear; (3) Surge is a centrifugal compressor inherent shortcomings of units required to add anti-surge systems; (4) The same unit working conditions can not be a major change in the scope is narrow. 2. the centrifugal refrigeration compressor application conditions and trends. The current domestic centrifugal chiller in most of Europe from Japan and the United States occupied by some refrigeration business. Well-known enterprises such as Trane, Kai-li, York, Maikeweier, AXIMA (original Sool Shou), EBARA original, Mitsubishi And so rely on advanced technology and good technology-led centrifugal chiller market. Domestic enterprises in Chongqing mainly generic, early introduction of the technology to develop NREC centrifugal chillers. With the development of society, users need more and more of the cold high, and because of Energy-saving requirements of the Group of centrifuges makes the market more widely. Number of domestic air-conditioning manufacturers such as Haier, Australia Kema, Geli and the United States (and Chongqing Universal Merger) have launched their own centrifugal chiller. AXIMA the cold and cooperative development Chu Lixin chiller and regional heating centrifugal heat pump units. Most of these centrifuges group of the use of environmentally friendly R134a. With the growing tension in the form of energy, energy saving products development is a major trend. In addition the level of urbanization in China because of the continuous improvement, building energy consumption is increasing. With the highest coefficient of performance of the centrifugal chiller will no doubt be a hot market, In recent years centrifugal chiller sales continues to increase. Most of the development of domestic enterprises centrifugal chiller compressor only buy imports, basically no profit. Centrifuges foreign manufacturers will not easily transfer their core technologies, to develop centrifugal refrigeration compressors, only walk the path of independent development. With Design and manufacturing technology continues to mature, making China the centrifugal refrigeration compressor developed possible. 3. developed and the difficulty of centrifugal compressor, the focus and countermeasures. Development of a centrifugal compressor, including many of the elements: air heat, the intensity and vibration, structural design, materials selection, manufacturing process design, control and regulate the design and pattern-driven choice. Which The main emphasis of the difficulty in the following areas: (1) Impeller Design Centrifugal compressor rotor as the moving parts, the core part of the impeller. Centrifuges are the major domestic and foreign manufacturers have adopted methods of ternary flow impeller design. Ternary flow approach requires designers to have the numerical simulation, computational fluid dynamics, fluid Machinery, such as the internal flow of very specialized knowledge. Domestic companies do not have the technical staff most of these professional expertise, to design efficient ternary impeller, the only college and research institutions. Centrifugal compressor in the College of experts mainly in Shanghai National Chiao Tung Universitys Professor Gu-Gang, Xian Jiaotong University Professor Wang Shangjin. Professor Gu has long been engaged in the research centrifuges, has presided over six to complete the National Natural Science Foundation project, in ternary flow centrifuge design, compressor unit testing, monitoring and Control, anti-surge systems, such as in-depth study of all aspects, he presided over the completion of the multi-stage centrifugal compressor aerodynamic design and application of technology projects for 2004 national scientific and technological progress second prize. Leadership of Professor Wang Xian Jiaotong University Purcell Pump research group to a unique controllable vortex impeller design theory, in the fields of petrochemical unit in the transformation of a good application. (2) Impeller manufacture Ternary flow to the design of the impeller blade shape for the general space surface, the impeller blade and the forming process is to create the focus is difficult. Impeller for three yuan, the processing methods commonly used mainly two kinds: 1) welding of three forms: That is roulette, leaves, round covered were processed. This method of processing equipment is relatively simple request, roulette, wheel covers only vehicles to form enough. Leaf processing it will take some work, The first to use 3-D milling machine to leaf mold, and then under the leaves of good material for heat treatment, the necessary pressure-leaf shape. Finally, the leaves of welding to the wheel, then covered welding good round. So in need of Equipment is probably the 3-D milling machine, heat treatment furnace, hydraulic machines and other equipment required for the conventional, the investment required is relatively low, more suited to start. 2) milling system as a whole: that is, roulette and leaves with the use of multi-axis milling equipment to the overall system and get a semi-open impeller. In order to avoid interference, the current international impeller on the processing of this large are using 5-axis machining Centre. A 5-axis equipment probably from several million to 10 million more than the cost was very high. Impeller to processing 600 mm for example, domestic bed about 5-axis to 3.5 million yuan, 5-axis bed probably have to import 4.8 million yuan. Through 4 Coordinates of the machine tool rotary table tilted to achieve the four ternary impeller milling coordinates the overall system, if the leaves more consistency, to interfere in the issue on the coordinates of the four is inevitable. Coordinates of the four devices are relatively cheap, probably more than 100 million yuan. (3) Rotor critical speed of calculation Speed is critical when the design of the rotor speed to be considered an important factor, the rotor speed to avoid the critical speed. Critical speed of calculation used Pu Luoer general, the market is critical speed of specialized computing software, can also develop their own calculation software. (4) Antisurge system design By the centrifugal compressor of the work we can see that surge is inherent in the nature of centrifuges, can not be eliminated, but can be an effective way to be avoided. Centrifugal refrigeration compressor surge in the reasons: low flows and high pressure condensate . Surge against the crew of a large, carefully designed to be anti-surge systems. (5) Bearing Design Centrifugal refrigeration compressors the general growth rate of gear, the rotor speed is generally in more than 5000 RPM, use plain bearings, sliding bearing centrifuge development of the design is also a priority. 4. developed and the centrifugal compressor general steps: (1) Collect, study and centrifugal compressor centrifugal chiller and the relevant standards. (2) Organization of the centrifugal compressor learn the basic knowledge to use one yuan-design theory compressor level. (3) Organizing the personnel to the relevant scientific research institutes, manufacturers and professional study tour. (4) In cooperation with research institutes ternary impeller design. (5) The entire machine developed. (6) Prototype test improvement. 5. the idea that In the 1950s, Chinese scientists made Turbomachinery Professor Wu Zhonghua ternary flow theory, laid a ternary the theoretical basis for the design flow. Some foreign companies such as NREC this theory, such as the development of Chu Lixin impeller mechanical design and processing software . Chinas scientists and technology workers have also carried out a large number of fruitful research, the centrifugal compressor design and processing carried out in-depth study and formed a series of research results, compared with foreign countries, no less. Recommendations Refrigeration domestic enterprises hold high the banner of national industries, developed a real sense of domestic centrifugal refrigeration compressor boutique附录B 汉语翻译筒型离心式压缩机干气密封定位凸台的补焊刘冬菊哈福民印明洋黄维臣/沈阳鼓风机(集团)有限公司摘要:介绍了筒型离心式压缩机干气密封凸台由于操作上造成的缺陷,从而进行的补焊工艺。对补焊工艺方法的选择作了比较,具体阐明了采用手工钨极氩弧焊的补焊工艺方法,实践证明,效果良好。关键词:离心式压缩机密封凸台补焊中图分类号:TH452文献标识码:B文章编号:1006-8155(2006)04-0026-03Rep air Welding of Allocating Convex for Dry Ga sSeal in Barrel Typ e Centrifugal Compre ssorAbstract:Repair welding technology of allocatingconvex for dry gas seal in barrel type cent rif ugalCompressor caused by operation fault is int ro2duced.The selections of repair welding technolo2gy are compared,and t he repair welding technol2ogy using handwork gas t ungsten arc welding isdetailed.The result wit h good effect is got.Key words:Cent rif ugal Compressor Seal convexRepair welding1.引言在组装某台筒型压缩机干气密封时,发现在左、右端盖上安装干气密封处,所钻的一次排气孔钻到干气密封定位凸台处,使密封凸台破坏,破坏面达25mm10mm7mm(见图1中的F向),造成干气密封定位胶环局部密封不好。左、右端盖本身做水压试验,压力为30M Pa,合格后端盖与机壳同时做气压试验,压力为20MPa,介质为氦气。该产品的气体介质为循环氢,承受工作压力16 MPa;如果密封凸台不补焊,不仅影响外观质量,更重要的是在机组运转时将会造成密封漏气,严重时还会影响干气密封的使用,从而导致工艺流程瘫痪和机组停机,后果不堪设想。左、右端盖材质为KMN材料,该材料特殊,补焊难度非常大,由于左、右端盖已精加工,如果补焊措施不当会引起裂纹,焊后变形,最为严重的是导致该部件报废。图1端盖补焊区域图2.KMN材料简介KMN材料是我公司离心式压缩机焊接叶轮、端盖等专用材料。该材料为铬钼合金,焊前需要预热,焊后需要热处理,在调质状态下使用,焊接工艺复杂,焊接时用KMN材料的专用焊条。3.补焊方法选择3.1激光冷焊由于左、右端盖已经精加工,干气密封定位台也已加工完毕,焊接热输入量会导致焊后变形。为防止焊后变形,焊接方法首选是冷焊。为了保证补焊质量,笔者与中国科学院金属研究所激光表面熔合的专业技术人员,进行了现场质量分析,确认是否可以采用冷焊的方法进行补焊。激光表面熔合焊的技术人员对端盖KMN材料的性能、可焊性等,都感到陌生,补焊的位置处于端盖的中间处,确认在补焊时电极接触很困难,即使电极接触到焊接效率也极低,质量又很难保证,面对此种情况,确认不宜采用激光冷焊。3.2手工电弧焊采用手工电弧焊进行补焊,灵活方便。由于KMN材料是公司专用材料,也有专用KMN焊条,焊接材料和焊后性能都没问题。关键是需补焊的左、右端盖的位置都是在精加工后的干气密封区域,补焊时需要焊前预热,焊后热处理,手工电弧焊的热输入量很大,都会增加补焊区域的热输入量,热输入量的不断加大,将会导致焊后变形。如果产生变形,这意味着左、右端盖将会报废,此种方法也不宜采用。3.3手工钨极氩弧焊氩弧焊,是用氩气作保护气体的一种焊接方法。氩弧焊时,氩气在电弧周围形成保护气层,使熔融金属、钨极端头和焊丝不与空气接触。氩气属于惰性气体,它不与金属发生化学反应,十分稳定。因此,在焊接过程中被焊金属和焊丝中的合金元素不易烧损。此外,氩气不溶于金属,故在金属中不能形成气孔。由于具有上述特点,采用氩弧焊可以获得高质量的焊缝。此工件采用氩弧焊进行补焊,更充分的理由是:(1)由于电弧受到氩气的压缩和冷却作用,使电弧能量比较集中,热影响区小,变形也小;(2)焊缝区无熔渣,焊工在操作时可以清楚地看到熔池和焊缝的形成过程,便于操作;(3)操作时不受空间位置限制,适于全位置焊接;(4)适于焊接有色金属及合金钢、不锈钢、高温合金钢、特殊合金钢以及难熔的活性金属等。基于氩弧焊的特点,采用氩弧焊对左、右端盖密封处进行补焊最为合适。4.手工钨极氩弧焊补焊工艺4.1焊接技术参数设备型号:日本大阪OTC公司生产的AC2CU TI G 300 P脉冲氩弧焊机;电源极性:直流正接;钨极:采用铈钨极;直径:3.2mm;外伸长度:7mm;氩气纯度:99.99%;氩气流量:8 L/min;喷嘴直径:10mm;钨极至工件距离:4mm;引弧:借高频引弧器引弧;焊接电流:110120 A;焊接电压:2022 V。4.2焊前准备(1)补焊处的油污用酒精、丙酮彻底清洗干净。(2)检查电源、水路、气路等是否正常。(3)将KMN3.2mm焊条药皮清理干净,砂纸抛光后用丙酮擦拭,做补焊填充焊丝用。4.3补焊要点(1)引弧前提前510s输送氩气,借以排除管中及补焊件被焊处的空气,调节氩气流量。(2)补焊第一层采用左向焊法,第二层采用右向焊法,依序往返进行补焊。后一道焊缝相当于给前一道焊缝回火,起到消除应力的作用,采用左向焊、右向焊,相互交替进行补焊长肉,直至焊完为止。(3)补焊时采用短弧焊,以增强保护效果,同时减少热影响区宽度并防止补焊件变形。(4)填充焊丝要均匀,在熔池前面呈熔滴状加入,不要扰乱氩气流,切莫与钨极相碰。(5)补焊临终时,应多加些焊丝,然后慢慢拉开,防止产生弧坑。(6)补焊完毕,切断电源后,必须在35s内继续送出保护气体,直到钨极及熔池区域稍稍冷却以后,停止送气,避免补焊区氧化。5.补焊后检验补焊后对其表面进行着色检验,表面无任何缺陷。检验合格后将补焊处进行手工修磨,修磨到符合要求后,再用金相砂纸进行精抛。补焊处经过精抛后的金属颜色、光泽,完全与基体金属颜色、光泽一致,根本看不出补焊痕迹。结论(1)采用手工钨极氩弧焊,对左、右端盖已精加工的干气密封定位凸台处进行补焊,是最理想的补焊方法。(2)利用手工钨极氩弧焊左、右向焊接法,往返、相互交替进行补焊,焊前不需预热,焊后不用热处理,补焊效果好,工件不变形。(3)在高压离心式压缩机的筒型机壳中,位于左、右端盖上的干气密封定位凸台处补焊成功,保证了产品质量及按期交运。离心式制冷压缩机国产化的一点想法摘 要：离心式制冷压缩机的特点、应用状况及趋势；开发研制离心式压缩机的难点、 重点及对策；开发研制离心式压缩机的大致步骤。关键字：离心式 制冷压缩机 国产化一、离心式制冷压缩机的特点. 离心式制冷压缩机作为一种速度型压缩机,具有以下优点: 1.在相同冷量的情况下,特别在大容量时,与螺杆压缩机组相比,省去了庞大的油分装置,机组的重量及尺寸较小,占地面积小; 2.离心式压缩机结构简单紧凑,运动件少,工作可靠,经久耐用,运行费
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