Unit4_Using_language

1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsUsing language高一人教新课标版必修三高一人教新课标版必修三Isaac Newton 16421727 英国物理学家英国物理学家Listening and discussing Discuss these scientists. 经典物理学理论体系的建立者。经典物理学理论体系的建立者。1665年创立微分年创立微分; 1666年开始研究积分。年开始研究积分。1666年年, 开始想到研究重力开始想到研究重力(gravity)问题问题, 苹果落地的传说苹果落地的传说, 也是在此时发生的轶事。也是在此时发生的

2、轶事。其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间(22至至23岁岁) 形成的。形成的。 1669年年, 把把自然哲学的数学原理自然哲学的数学原理,宇宙体系宇宙体系等手稿送到剑桥大学等手稿送到剑桥大学图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。Albert Einstein (18791955) 质量质量(m)和能量和能量(E)的相当性的相当性: Emc2爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相对论爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相对论(Theory of Relativity)等物理学的三个不同等物理学的三个不同领域取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对领域取得了历史性成就，

3、特别是狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了物理学理论的革命物理学理论的革命, 他对社会进步事业他对社会进步事业也有重要贡献。也有重要贡献。霍金霍金 born in 1942 斯蒂芬斯蒂芬藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇性藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇性人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家的理论物理学家, 还在于他是在常人无法还在于他是在常人无法想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性工作的。工作的。black hole 黑洞黑洞

4、 黑洞并非只是吞噬物质。除了会在星系黑洞并非只是吞噬物质。除了会在星系形成的过程中扮演重要角色外形成的过程中扮演重要角色外, 在经过在经过一段相当漫长的时间后一段相当漫长的时间后, 黑洞也会把一些黑洞也会把一些曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。2 Listen to the tape and choose the best summary.nB is correct because it gives a clear idea of what the listening passage is about. nA is not true. The three

5、scientists wanted to explain how the universe worked and not how it began.nC is too general and does not give enough detail about what the listening passage is about.Isaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen HawkingIdea Large bodies have a force which pulls things towards themIn space large objects make sp

6、ace and time bend; the larger the object, the further space and time bendsBlack holes have a very large mass and pull things towards them3 Listen to the tape and fill in the chart.Isaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen HawkingDevelopment The bigger the object the stronger the gravity.Time goes slower in

7、 very strong gravity.If you go over the edge, you cannot get out; but if you do not, you may be able to escape.THEORIES OF GRAVITY Michael Jones of the New Space Magazine is talking with space traveller Li Yanping about changes in the theory of gravity.LY = Dr Li Yanping MJ = Dr Michael Jones Listen

8、ing textPart 1 MJ: Hello, Dr Li Yanping. Its so good of you to talk to me. Some students ask us why things always fall back to earth if you throw them up in the air. Could you explain it?LY: Well, at first people thought it was because the earth was the centre of the universe. Of course that was wro

9、ng. One day lsaac Newton watched an apple fall to the ground. He said that something else must be pulling the apple back to earth. He called it “gravity”.MJ: I see. Did people accept his idea?LY: They did. Later they worked out that bigger objects (like the sun ) have stronger gravity than smaller o

10、bjects (like our planets). If you are travelling in deep space, you couldnt fall back to the earth. Youre just too far away. Part 2 MJ: Does it mean theres no gravity in space?LY: No. In a spaceship you would feel the pull as it got closer to such an object. You would travel faster and faster toward

11、s it.MJ: Until you hit it?LY: Not exactly. You may pass it very fast and then it would throw you out into space again. After that you would slow down to the usual speed.MJ: How do you know this?LY: In 1905 Einstein said that in space large objects make space-time bend; the larger the object, the fur

12、ther space-time bends. So time goes slower in very strong gravity. MJ: What about black holes?LY: Thats a place in space which has such a strong mass that nothing can escape from its gravity. There is a kind of edge around this mass. If you cross over this edge around this mass, its impossible for y

13、ou to get back. However, if you dont cross this edge, you can still escape. Stephen Hawking has done a lot of research into black holes. He has shown that they “spit ” things out as well as “eat” them.ReadingA VISIT TO THE MOONspacewalk Chinas first astronaut-Yang Liwei1. The passage is mainly about

14、 _? A. introduction of the moon B. the gravity that I felt on my way to the moon C. my visit to the moon D. my friend Yanping, an astronomerRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.C2. According to the text, we know that the force of the gravity would change _ times. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 53.

15、When did the author feel strongest of the gravity of the earth? A. On the moon. B. On the half way to the moon. C. At the very beginning D. On their leaving from the moonCB4. What causes the writer to feel that he becomes weightless on the moon? A. Spaceship B. Gravity C. His friend D. His Good feel

16、ings of the moonB5. From the text we can know if a man grows up on the moon, _. A. he will grow taller than on the earth B. he will grow shorter than on the earth C. he will become fatter D. he will become weightlessARead the passage carefully and then describe the three ways in which gravity change

17、d for Li Yanping and how his weight changed.1.The pull of gravity became very strong as he left the earths atmosphere. His weight is normal. 2. It disappeared when he was in space. He is weightless. 3. It was very light when he was on the moon. He weighs less than on earth.The way gravity changedLef

18、t the earthIn spaceOn the moonIt became very light.The gravity became very strong.The gravity disappeared. The weight changedLeft the earthIn spaceOn the moonHe became very heavy.He had no weight and could float around like a feather. He was about one-sixth of his weight on the earth.Language points

19、1. Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. 上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友, 一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。 enough: 1) 用作代词用作代词: 作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。 You have done more than enough. 你已做得够多了。你已做得够多了。 I have had enough. Thank you

20、. 我吃的已经够多的了我吃的已经够多的了, 谢谢。谢谢。2) 形容词作定语形容词作定语: enough用在名词前、后都可以。用在名词前、后都可以。 I have enough time to do the work. / I have time enough to do the work. 我有足够的时间做此项工作。我有足够的时间做此项工作。3) 用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度: enough一般放在形容词或副词的后边。一般放在形容词或副词的后边。long enough, easy enough, fast enough, quickly enough等等,

21、但一般不说但一般不说: enough long, enough easy, enough fast, enough quickly. The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子到上学的年龄了。这孩子到上学的年龄了。He couldnt run quickly enough to catch up with the cat. 他跑的速度太慢他跑的速度太慢, 追不上猫。追不上猫。4)用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。The meat is not cooked enough. 肉炖得不够熟。肉炖得不够熟。If I ha

22、d _ _ (足够长的假期足够长的假期), Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.a long enough holiday / an enough long holiday2. Then we were off. 随后我们就启程了。随后我们就启程了。 be off = set off 出发出发; 动身动身 I am off today. 我今天不用上班。我今天不用上班。 We are off today. 今天我们不上班今天我们不上班/今天我们不开张。今天我们不开张。 shut off 关闭关闭get of

23、f 下车下车take off 脱下脱下turn off 关闭关闭pay off 付清付清; 还清还清与与off相关的短语相关的短语: set.off 送行送行 kick off 踢球踢球 jump off 跳下跳下 give off 散发散发 show off 炫耀炫耀 get close to 靠近靠近, 接近接近, 指动态变化指动态变化 be close to 距距近近, 指状态指状态 The school is close to the post office. 3. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pu

24、lling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. 当我们更接近月球时当我们更接近月球时, 就会感到月球的引力就会感到月球的引力 在拉我们。但是在拉我们。但是, 月球的引力不像地球的月球的引力不像地球的 引力那么大。引力那么大。与与get相关的短语相关的短语:get along 相处融洽相处融洽, 进展等进展等get down to 开始认真对待开始认真对待, 开始认真考虑开始认真考虑get on 上车上车get through 到达到达; 通过通过; 办完办完, 花光花光(钱、时间等钱、时间等)。get to 到达到达get

25、 down to; get on; get through; get to; get over; get up 1. Dont talk too much. Lets _ working.2. Hurry up, or well be late to _ the bus.3. Its easy to _ the difficulty.4. I have _ a lot of papers.5. She managed to _ the village.get down toget onget overgot throughget to4. cheer up : 欢呼欢呼, 喝彩喝彩, 感到高兴

26、感到高兴, 使高兴使高兴当看到球队的到来当看到球队的到来, 人群欢呼起来。人群欢呼起来。_ when they saw the team arrive.他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。He took her _ to _.The crowd cheered upto the concertcheer her up5. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 1) “A + be + 倍数倍数 + as +形容词原

27、级形容词原级 + as + B”. This tree is three times as tall as that one. His father is twice as old as he.2) “A + be + 倍数倍数 +形容词比较级形容词比较级 + than + B ” The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 The number of students in our school is three times larger than that i

28、n theirs. 我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。 3) “A + be + 倍数倍数 + the +名词名词 (size, length, amount) + of + B”The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 Do you regret _(pay) 100 dollars for the painting? No, I would gladly have paid _ (两倍

29、那么多了两倍那么多了) for it.payingtwice as much 讲解讲解: regret后跟动名词的一般式、完成式后跟动名词的一般式、完成式和不定式的完成式都表示对过去做过的事情和不定式的完成式都表示对过去做过的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示对即将做的感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示对即将做的事情感到遗憾事情感到遗憾, 常用来表达委婉。常用来表达委婉。twice as much为倍数的表达法为倍数的表达法, 在这里为省略形式在这里为省略形式, 相当于相当于twice as much as that。 6. . “walking does need a bit of practice

30、 now that gravity has changed.”既然引力改变了既然引力改变了, 走路也的确需要练一练了。走路也的确需要练一练了。 now that同同since相似相似, 语气较弱语气较弱, 强调人们强调人们已知的事实。已知的事实。既然你忙既然你忙, 就让我给你做吧。就让我给你做吧。Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.既然人都齐了既然人都齐了, 咱们开始干吧。咱们开始干吧。Now that everyone is here lets start work7. We watched, amazed as fire broke ou

31、t on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.1) watch do/doing : 观看观看, 注视注视我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。We _ behind the trees. 每一天当他们看到植物生长每一天当他们看到植物生长, 他们的心里他们的心里都充满了希望。都充满了希望。Every day as they _ , their hearts filled with hope. watched the sun settingwatched the plant grow2) am

32、azed 是过去分词是过去分词, 此处做状语用。此处做状语用。他进来的时候没有人注意到。他进来的时候没有人注意到。He came in _ .3) break out与与happen, take place, come out等等词的用法一样词的用法一样, 是不及物动词是不及物动词, 不能带宾语不能带宾语, 不能用于被动语态。不能用于被动语态。战争爆发战争爆发The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美国内战爆发于美国内战爆发于1861年。年。unnoticed发生争吵发生争吵 他们之间发生了争吵。他们之间发生了争吵。 A quarrel broke

33、out between them.(火灾火灾)发生发生 昨晚他家里失火了。昨晚他家里失火了。A fire broke out in his house last night. break down 打破打破; 毁掉毁掉; 破除破除; 坍塌坍塌; 坏掉坏掉break in 破门而入破门而入; 打断打断break away from 脱离政党脱离政党; 打破陈规打破陈规 break through 突围突围; 突破突破; 冲垮冲垮; 克服克服break up 打碎打碎; 拆散拆散; 分裂分裂; 分解分解break ones word/promise 食言食言; 说话不算数说话不算数So, life

34、 is different on a spaceship. There is little gravity so that things float around. If you planned to travel to the moon, what matters would you meet with?Speaking and writingProblemsHow to cool youHow to breatheHow to eat and drinkHow to protect your skinHow to stop flying off the moons surfaceSpace

35、suitsSpace FoodSpace Buggy登月车登月车Space CameraMake a list of your ideas and take part in a class discussion to find the best ones. Use these words and expressions to help you.Please pay attention to . Please check that . You need . Dont forget to . Make sure that . Watch out for .Youd better . You mus

36、t/mustnt . Please look at .Sample: S1: Lets think about what we would need to protect our skin if we visited the Moon.S2: Id take some skin cream. That works very well when we go to the sea.S3: Yes, but its going to be much too hot to put cream on your skin on the Moon.S4: Whats more you get direct

37、heat from the sun. There are no clouds on the Moon to protect you.S3: Oh dear, and I also have to carry oxygen around with me everywhere because theres no oxygen on the Moon.S2: Why dont we carry the oxygen on our backs in a tank?S1: Good idea, but wont that hurt our skin?S4: I think it will. Why dont we wear a spacesuit which has the possibility of protecting your skin and helping you carry the oxygen very easily?S1: A very good idea. We also need some sunglasses as the sun will be as bad for our eyes as for our skin.S3: Thats right. The he