土木工程英语证书考试PEC材料力学词汇14页word

1、土木工程英语证书（PE。考试-材料力学词汇安全因数safety factorB半桥接法half bridge闭 口薄壁杆 thin-walled tubes比例极限 proportional limit边界条件 boundary conditions变截面梁 beam of variable cross section变形 deformation变形协调方程 compatibility equation标距 gage length泊松比 Poisson ' s ratio补偿块 compensating blockC材料力学 mechanics of materials冲击荷载impa

2、ct load初应力，预应力initial stress纯剪切pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materials大柔度杆long columns单位荷载unit load单位力偶unit couple单位荷载法unit-load method单向应力，单向受力 uniaxial stress等强度梁beam of constant strength低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡bridge balancing电阻应变计 resistance strain gage电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator

3、叠力法 superposition method叠力口原理 superposition principle动荷载dynamic load断面收缩率percentage reduction in area多余约束 redundant restraint二向应力状态 state of biaxial stressF分布力distributed force复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress复合材料 composite materialG杆，杆件bar刚度 stiffness刚架，构架frame刚结点 rigid joint高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue各向同

4、性材料 isotropical material功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计active strain gage工作应力 working stress构件 structural member惯性半径radius of gyration of an area第14页惯性积 product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia广义胡克定律generalized Hook ' s lawH横向变形 lateral deformation胡克定律Hook ' s law滑移线 slip-linesJ基本系统

5、primary system畸变能理论distortion energy theory畸变能密度distortional strain energy density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia极限应力 ultimate stress极限荷载limit load挤压应力bearing stress剪力 shear force剪力方程 equation of shear force剪力图 shear force diagram剪流 shear flow剪切胡克定律Hooke s law for shear剪切shear交变应力，循环应力cyclic stre

6、ss截面法 method of sections截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area截面核心 core of section静不定次，超静定次数degree of a statically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题 statically indeterminate problem静定问题 statically determinate problem静荷载 static load静矩，一次矩 static moment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open cross sec

7、tion抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数 section modulus in bending拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法 force method力学性能 mechanical properties连续梁 continuous beam连续条件 continuity co

8、ndition梁beams临界应力 critical stress临界荷载critical loadM迈因纳定律 Miner ' s law名义屈服强度 offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure敏感栅 sensitive grid挠度deflection挠曲轴deflection curve挠曲轴方程 equation of deflection curve挠曲轴近似微分方程approximately differential equation of thedeflection curve内力 internal forces

9、扭力矩 twisting moment扭矩 torsional moment扭矩图 torque diagram扭转 torsion扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion扭转角 angel of twist扭转屈服强度 yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度 torsional rigidityO欧拉公式 Euler ' s formulaP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurance limit疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳寿命fatigue life偏心拉伸 eccentric tension偏心压缩 eccentric c

10、ompression平均应力 average stress平面弯曲plane bending平面应力状态 state of plane stress平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem平面假设plane cross-section assumptionQ强度 strength强度理论 theory of strength强度条件 strength condition切变模量shear modulus切应变 shear strain切应力 shear stress切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress屈服yield 屈服强度 yi

11、eld strength全桥接线法full bridgeR热应力 thermal stressS三向应力状态state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花 three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花 three-element delta rosette失稳buckling伸长率 elongation圣维南原理Saint- Venant' s principle实验应力分析 experimental stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformation塑性材料，延性材料ductile materia

12、ls塑性较plastic hingeT弹簧常量 spring constant弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elasticity体积力body force体积改变能密度density of energy of volume change体应变 volume strainW弯矩bending moment弯矩方程 equation of bending moment弯矩图bending moment diagram弯曲bending弯曲刚度 flexural rigidity弯曲正应力normal stress in bending弯曲切应力sh

13、ear stress in bending弯曲中心shear center位移法displacement method位移互等定理 reciprocal-displacement theorem稳定条件 stability condition稳定性stability稳定安全因数 safety factor for stability细长比，柔度 slenderness ratio线性弹性体 linear elastic body约束扭转 constraint torsion相当长度，有效长度 equivalent length相当应力 equivalent stress小柔度杆short co

14、lumns形心轴 centroidal axis形状系数shape factor许用应力 allowable stress许用应力法 allowable stress method许用荷载 allowable load许用荷载法allowable load methodY应变花 strain rosette应变计 strain gage应变能 strain energy应变能密度 strain energy density应力stress应力速率stress ratio应力比 stress ratio应力幅 stress amplitude应力状态state of stress应力集中 str

15、ess concentration应力集中因数 stress concentration factor应力一寿命曲线， S-N曲线stress-cycle curve应力一应变图 stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆 Mohr' s circle for stressesZ正应变 normal strain正应力normal stress中面middle plane中柔度杆 intermediate columns中性层 neutral surface中性轴neutral axis轴 shaft轴力 axial force轴力图 axial force diagra

16、m轴向变形 axial deformation轴向拉伸axial tension轴向压缩 axial compression主平面principal planes主应力principal stress主应力迹线principal stress trajectory主轴principal axis主惯性矩 principal moment of inertia主形心惯性矩principal centroidal moments of inertia主形心轴 principal centroidal axis转角 angel of rotation转轴公式 transformation equation自 由扭转 free torsion组合变形 combined deformation组合截面 composite area最大切应力理论 maximum