ESD 测试介绍

1、ESD（Electrostatic discharge)）GBT 17626.2:2006EN 61000-4:2-2009IEC 61000-4-2:2008 Harry LiESD测试目的测试目的/其他其他对电子和电气设备直接来自操作者和对邻近物体的静电放电时的抗扰能力验证对电子和电气设备直接来自操作者和对邻近物体的静电放电时的抗扰能力验证Asessment electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges, from operators directly, and from per

2、sonnel to adjacent objects. 放电电流的典型波形放电电流的典型波形 typical waveform of the discharge currentrange 测试等级的范围测试等级的范围 rang of test levels; 试验设备试验设备 test equipment; 测试配置测试配置 test setup; 测试步骤测试步骤 test procedure; 校准步骤校准步骤 calibration procedure; 静电放电的术语定义静电放电的术语定义* 静电放电：具有不同静电电位的物体互相靠近或直接接触引起的电荷转移 transfer of el

3、ectric charge between bodies of different electrostatic potential in proximity or through direct contact .*间接放电方法：对EUT附近的金属耦合板进行放电，模拟人对EUT附近物体的放电。 application of the discharge to a coupling plane in the vicinity of the EUT to simulate personnel discharge to objects which are adjacent to the EUT .* 空

4、气放电方法：将静电发生器充电电极靠近设备并由电弧火花对EUT激励放电。 method of testing in which the charged electrode of the test generator is moved towards the EUT until it touches the EUT .*直接放电方法：直接对EUT实施放电（直接接触在EUT放电部位进行放电，） Application of the discharge directly to the EUT *接触放电方法：静电发生器的电极保持与EUT的接触，并由发生器内放电开关激励放电。 method of tes

5、ting in which the electrode of the test generator is kept in contact with the EUT or coupling plane and the discharge is actuated by the discharge switch within the generator 静电试验等级静电试验等级/其它其它试验等级试验等级Test level接触放电接触放电Contact Discharge空气放电空气放电Air Discharge额外参考额外参考Additional reference试验电压试验电压Test vol

6、tage试验电压试验电压Test voltage相对湿度相对湿度Humidity抗静电材料抗静电材料antistatic material合成材料等级合成材料等级compose material12235%X24410%X36850%X481510%X环境湿度环境湿度/使用材料影响静电充电量大小使用材料影响静电充电量大小1.2 静电发生器静电发生器Brand： EM TESTDevice： Dito ESD Gun Sharp electrode Round electrode ESD Generator- NSG437测试设备测试设备ESD发生器原理图发生器原理图ESD发生器发生器ESD发生

7、器组成发生器组成相关参数相关参数Parameter充电电阻充电电阻Rc50MOhm100MOhm储能电容器储能电容器Cs+Cd150（+/-10%）pF150pF为模拟人体电容量储能储能电容器；为模拟人体电容量储能储能电容器；330 Ohm电阻为表示人体握有某种金属物时的源电电阻为表示人体握有某种金属物时的源电阻（模拟人手握金属（钥匙，螺丝刀等）放电）。阻（模拟人手握金属（钥匙，螺丝刀等）放电）。尽可能靠近放电电极保证放电电流波形尽可能靠近放电电极保证放电电流波形，减低放电减低放电形成对形成对EUT的影响的影响分布电容分布电容Cd放电电阻放电电阻Rd330（+/-10%）Ohm放电开关放电开关

8、可更换的放电电可更换的放电电极头极头圆头圆头/尖头电极尖头电极测试空气放电与接触放电需要更换测试空气放电与接触放电需要更换放电回路电缆放电回路电缆2m（longst 3m）需保证发生器形成标准的波形需保证发生器形成标准的波形电源装置电源装置输出电压标称值输出电压标称值2kV15kV标准最低要求标准最低要求电压保持时间电压保持时间AD至少至少5s电压低于电压低于10%被认为以放电（被认为以放电（Dito /NSG47）放电方式放电方式单次单次/自动（时间间隔自动（时间间隔1s）需确保电荷是否消除，需确保电荷是否消除，EUT正常正常放电电流波形放电电流波形见下图见下图见下图见下图电压指示器电压指示

9、器选择电压选择电压/ /显示放电电压显示放电电压/AD/AD储电储电指示指示NSG437/Dito发生器放电电极发生器放电电极试验等级试验等级level接触放电接触放电Contact Discharge试验电压试验电压Test voltage第一个峰值（第一个峰值（10%）电流电流First peak current of discharge（+/-15%A）开关动作时的开关动作时的上升时间上升时间Rise Time+/-25%（ns）在在30ns时的电时的电流流cruuent at 30ns+/-30%（A）在在60ns时的电时的电流流cruuent at 60ns+/-30%（A）127.

10、50.84224150.8843622.50.812648300.8168ESD（CD）发生器输出电流波形）发生器输出电流波形ESD（AD）发生器输出电流波形）发生器输出电流波形发生器波形发生器波形人体放电波形人体放电波形静电场地概状静电场地概状水平0.8*1.6/垂直耦合板0.5*0.5/放电电阻470K Ohm*2/接地参考金属平面0.65mm（面积应大于EUT/水平耦合板1.3*2.1M尺寸）EUT距离墙壁/其他无关金属0.8M发生器回路电缆距离EUT导电部分0.2M环境温度1535摄氏度环境湿度30%60%大气压力86KPa106KPa其他产品标准规范规定之例外EUT有特殊工作气候条件

11、例外电磁环境（统一接地影响，无线设备影响，依据EUT具体工作条件）EUT全面考核（进行所有正常运行方式）典型工作条件，辅助设备去耦，放置于第二张桌子也可（有条件地去耦静电测试场地布置静电测试场地布置VCP 0.5*0.5m绝缘木桌0.8m高HCP 0.8*1.6m透明绝缘垫0.5mm厚EUT测试配置测试配置对EUT进行静电放电的方法（a&b） a) contact discharge to the conductive surfaces and to coupling planes; b) air discharge at insulating surfaces. Two differ

12、ent types of tests can be distinguished: 在实验室进行的一致性试验型式(优先选用); 在最终安装条件下对设备进行的型式试验. The preferred test method is that of type tests performed in laboratories. EUT的测试布置应根据制造商的安装说明书实施.EUT配置（台式）配置（台式）The test setup shall consist of a non-conductive table, (0,8 0,08) m high, standing on the ground refere

13、nce plane. A horizontal coupling plane (HCP), (1,6 0,02) m (0,8 0,02) m, shall be placed on the table. The EUT and its cables shall be isolated from the coupling plane by an insulating upport (0,5 0,05) mm in thickness. NOTE It is recommended that the insulating properties are maintained. If the EUT

14、 is too large to be located 0,1 m minimum from all sides of the HCP, an additional, identical HCP shall be used, placed (0,3 0,02) m from the first HCP. The table has to be enlarged or two tables may be used. The HCPs shall not be bonded together, other than via resistive cables to the GRP. Any moun

15、ting feet associated with the EUT shall remain in place. 正常使用时挂在墙上和天花板的上都属于台式设备。EUT配置（台式）配置（台式）EUT配置（落地式）配置（落地式）The EUT shall be isolated from the ground reference plane by an insulating support of 0,05 m to 0,15 m thick. The EUT cables shall be isolated from the ground reference plane by an insulat

16、ing support of (0,5 0,05) mm. This cable isolation shall extend beyond the edge of the EUT isolation. EUT配置（落地式）配置（落地式）EUT分类分类ESD类:使用时有直接接地(3Pin)或者与其他有接地系统的设备连接的设备.类:EUT使用时不与任何/有接地系统连接的设备连接(2Pin or 电池供电的设备 ).类设备特点:静电排放能力强类设备:没有接地,静电消除能力差.对有接地的EUT进行测试,不需要对EUT进行静电电荷排放对于没有接地的/单独的EUT需要进行辅助放电(将发生器施加到EUT上

17、的静电电荷引到大地), 在施加每个脉冲前之前应消除EUT上（施加放电脉冲之部位）滞留的静电电荷。EUT有很多可施加静电电荷的点，每个点的电阻不一样，所以，在哪个点施加静电，就在哪里排放静电。ESD测试方法测试方法放电方式：单次放电方式（时间间隔至少1s/或更长的间隔/）静电放电发生器应保持与实施放电的表面垂直（试验可重复性）。测试电压从低到选定的电压值（一般测试电压不超过EUT产品规范值（ManuFacture宣告）尽量单手持发生器（统一）放电次数：在预选点上，至少施加10次单次放电（最敏感极性），（其他产品标准没要求时，一般以10次比较敏感的，至少10次每极性确保Pass/间隔时延适当确保E

18、UT运行状态稳定OK，是确定电荷被有效衰减的前提）（当EUT没有接触放电点/耦合测试次数需要增加）。接触放电/空气放电定义空气放电触发发生器时应距离EUT适当的距离有些没放电EUT就故障ESD发生器放电回路接地线距离EUT 导电部分0.2M./塑料外壳连接器内可接触的点，只进行空气放电（SCARR Port 没有例子通常看产品标准是否要求对绝缘连接器各个插脚进行测试）静电放电不适用的静电放电不适用的for EUT在维修时才接触到的点和面1) those points and surfaces which are only accessible under maintenance. In thi

19、s case, special ESD mitigation procedures shall be given in the accompanying documentation; 最终用户保养时接触到的点个面2) those points and surfaces which are only accessible under service by the (end-)user. Examples of these rarely accessed points are as follows: battery contacts while changing batteries, a cass

20、ette in a telephone answering machine, etc.; 产品使用说明在安装后不能再接触的点和面3) those points and surfaces of equipment which are no longer accessible after fixed installation or after following the instructions for use, for example, the bottom and/or wall- side of equipment or areas behind fitted connectors; 有金属

21、外壳的同轴多芯连接器的芯 4) the contacts of coaxial and multi-pin connectors which are provided with a metallic connector shell. In this case, contact discharges shall only be applied to the metallic shell of these connectors. .或由于功能原因对静电放电敏感并且有静电放电警告标签的连接器或可接触的部分VCP测试点选择测试点选择耦合板耦合板HCP/VCP放电测试放电测试EUT表面涂漆表面涂漆If

22、the coating is not declared to be an insulating coating by the equipment manufacturer, then the pointed tip of the generator shall penetrate the coating so as to make contact with the conducting substrate. Coating declared as insulating by the manufacturer shall only be submitted to the air discharg

23、e. The contact discharge test shall not be applied to such surfaces. 对EUT表面涂漆的测试方法选用AD/CD（by Manufacture）：金属shell表面非绝缘的涂层需要破开涂层进行接触放电金属shell表面以绝缘为目的的涂层不需要破坏，以空气放电进行测试也有客户要求AD/CD两种方法都需要测试一般在非金属表面的导电涂层是肯定不能破坏的，用空气只有在金属表面的绝缘涂层需要判断About bleeder resistors cableThe presence of the cable with the bleeder r

24、esistors can influence the test results of some equipment. A test with the cable disconnected during the ESD pulse takes precedence over the test with the cable installed during the test, provided that the charge has sufficiently decayed between the successive discharges. 对不接地设备进行辅助排放滞留电荷（也有不使用的情况（对

25、于泄放死的EUT）。 - the time interval between successive discharges shall be extended to the time necessary to allow natural decay of the charge from the EUT; 延长施加时间-sweeping of the EUT with a grounded carbon fibre brush with bleeder resistors (for example, 2 470 k) in the grounding cable. 放电纤维刷 NOTE In ca

26、se of dispute concerning the charge decay, the charge on the EUT can be monitored by a non- contacting electric field meter. When the charge has decayed below 10 % of the initial value, the EUT is considered to be discharged. （判断EUT电荷衰减-不适用，确保EUT运行稳定，听/看） post-installation tests（ situ ESD testing）Th

27、ese post installation tests, which are performed in situ, may be applied when agreed between manufacturer and customer. It has to be considered that other co-located equipment may be unacceptably affected. NOTE In addition, the EUT itself may suffer significant ageing from in situ ESD testing. The mean time to failure (MTTF) of many modern electronic circuits decreases significantly if these circuits had once to withstand the discharge of static electricity. The malfunction does not need to occur immediately during the ESD test but the device w