2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟练习(一)(解析版)(共19页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2018年上海中学高三英语模拟练习（一）Grammarand VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill ineach blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useon

2、e word that best fits each blank.Today theStatue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It _1_(tower) above of theharbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Manythousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspectthat getting the statue _2_(build) w

3、as a long slow struggle. More than acentury ago, it _3_(be) the celebration of freedom and the commemorationof the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor AugusteBartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue andpromoting the idea of building it. Howev

4、er, money was so big a problem _4_was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations forthe building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets thatwould be used to fashion the skin of

5、 the statue. Various donations werehelpful, _5_ the cost of the statue kept riding. _6_(face) with ashortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants inParis donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, butmore money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi

6、 eventually sold miniatureversions of the statue, _7_ the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money hadbeen raised to complete the building of the statue.While theFrench had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in

7、 1880, bylate 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 topromote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdis efforts, the idea of thestatue was difficult _8_(sell). some newspapers, most notabl

8、y the New YorkTimes, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehementlyopposed _9_(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher JosephPulitzer, who had purchased a New York City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statues pedestal. He mounted an energetic funddrive, pr

9、omising to print the name of each donor, _10_ small the donation,Pulitzers audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the countrybegan donating whatever they could.In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been raised.Construction work on the stone structure continue

10、d, and the next year theStatue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erectedon top.【答案】1. towers 2. built 3. was 4. as 5. but 6. Faced 7. with 8. to sell 9. spending 10. however【解析】本文就是关于养宠物的好处，科学不能解释宠物的力量，但很多研究都表明有了宠物的陪伴(company of pets)，可以帮我们降低血压和恢复心脏功能，并且减少我们的孤独感。宠物不仅能调节

11、你的精神而且还能改善你的饮食习惯。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：今天，自由女神像是一个受人喜爱的地标。它耸立在纽约港的上空，被国家公园管理局亲切地照顾着。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，主语是it，单数第三人称形式，此处tower（高耸）是动词，故答案为towers。【2题详解】考查过去分词。句意：每年访问自由岛的成千上万的游客可能永远不会怀疑，建造这座雕像是一场漫长而缓慢的斗争。此处get+宾语+过去分词，the statue 和build之间是被动关系，是过去分词做宾语补足语，故答案为built。【3题详解】考查时态。根据More than acentury ago,可知句子用一般过去时态，

12、主语是it，故答案为was。【4题详解】考查as引导的定语从句。句意：然而，金钱是一个如此巨大的问题，就像从一开始就困扰着两国政府一样。先行词是a problem，指物，在后面的定语从句中做主语，此处as是关心代词，且前面有so，故答案为as。【5题详解】考查并列连词。句意：各种各样的捐赠都很有帮助，但雕像的成本一直在持续。前后是一种转折关系，故答案为but。【6题详解】考查过去分词做状语，句意：面对资金短缺，法裔美国人工会举行了抽奖。固定搭配：be faced with面临着-，此处是过去分词做时间状语，故答案为Faced。【7题详解】考查介词。句意：雕塑家Bartholdi最终出售了雕像的

13、迷你版，上面刻着买家的名字。with the name of以的名义，故答案为with。【8题详解】考查动词不定式做状语。句意：尽管Bartholdi的努力，雕像的想法很难卖出去。此处句子的主语做后面动词不定式的宾语，主动表示被动，故答案为to sell。【9题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一些报纸，尤其是纽约时报，经常批评这座雕像是愚蠢的，并强烈反对在它上面花任何钱。oppose doing sth.反对做某事，故答案为spending。【10题详解】考查however引导的让步状语从句。句意：他登上了一个充满活力的基金，承诺要打印每个捐赠者的名字，无论捐款多么少，普利策的大胆计划奏效了，全国各

14、地的数百万人开始捐赠他们能做的任何事情。此处however（无论怎样），引导让步状语从句，故答案为however。Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's sayyou've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don

15、't have timeto carefully plan menus for meals or read food _11_ at the supermarket. Sinceyou really_12_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come inhandy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" canhelp_13_some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choic

16、e architects arepeople who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. Forexample, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarketincluding which shelf the peanut buttergoes on, and how the oranges are piled upis a choice architect.Governmentsdon't have to_14_healthier l

17、ifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans.Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architectone that encourages us to choose what isbestwe will do the right things. In otherwords, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthierchoices, without removing free

18、dom of choice. This idea combines freedom tochoose with_15_hints from choice architects, who aim to help people livelonger, healthier, and happier lives.The Britishand Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic lightsystem" to _16_foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means tha

19、t customerscan see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains_17_bylooking at the lights on the package. A green light _18_that the amounts ofthe three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer shouldbe_19_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of

20、the threenutrients and should be eaten in _20_. The customer is given important healthinformation, but is still free to decide what to choose.【答案】11. G 12. C 13. I 14. F 15. E 16. B 17. K 18. J 19. A 20. H【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没有时间计划，这里介绍了两种方法，一种是"choicearchitect"，还有一种是"

21、交通灯系统"。【11题详解】本题考查名词搭配由于在超市里，所以是阅读食物标签（labels）故选G【12题详解】本题考查动词短语搭配。根据所给词汇以及yourself to a healthier lifestyle，只有commit yourself to（承诺）符合句意。故选C。【13题详解】本题考查动词用法。根据后面内容some of the burden of doing it all yourself以及前面动词help可知此空应填relieve（减轻），构成"能够有助于减轻独自做这事的一些负担"。故选I。【14题详解】本题考查动词用法。根据句子逻辑，此

22、句意思为"政府不必通过法律来强加（impose）更健康的生活方式，如戒烟"。故选F。【15题详解】本题考查形容词用法。根据设空，本空填形容词，而alert（警觉的）不符合句意，只有gentle（文雅的）符合句意。故选E。【16题详解】本题考查动词短语用法。本句句意为"英国和瑞典政府引进了所谓的交通灯系统来吧食物分类为健康的或不健康的"，短语classifyas表示"把分类为"，故选B。【17题详解】本题考查副词用法。根据customers cansee at a glance how much fat，sugar，and salt e

23、ach product contains_7_bylooking at the lights on the package（顾客们只要看包装上的指示灯一眼就能看出每一个产品含有多少脂肪、糖和盐）可知，此空填simply。故选K。【18题详解】本题考查动词用法。由于空后所接的是宾语从句，所以该空填及物动词，结合后面indicates的意思可知，该空填signals（表示）。故选J。【19题详解】本题考查形容词用法。根据前面"绿灯表示三种营养的量是健康的"可知"黄灯表示三种营养的量可能有问题"，因此消费者应当留心（alert）。故选A。【20题详解】本题考查

24、名词词义。根据句子red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients（红灯意味着至少三个营养中的一个是高的）可知，这样的食物应当有节制地（in moderation）吃。故选H。ReadingComprehensionSection ADirections: Foreach blank in the following passage are four words or phrases marked A. B. Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phr

25、ase that best fits the context.Research hasshown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion ofthe cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about filmswe've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple_21_.Language iso

26、ur greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _22_ do with it? Wegossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing whatwith whom, who's in and who's outand why; how to deal with difficult_23_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we

27、keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _24_, of both time and words? Or do wetalk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the reallyimportant issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evoluti

28、on ofLanguage, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really_25_issues.Dunbar _26_the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stageof social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities moreeffectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic s

29、tories about theirorigins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved amongwomen. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we cantalk, argues Dunbar _27_, he goes on to say, languageevolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbararrived at his cheer

30、y theory by studying the _28_ of the higher primates likemonkeys. By means of groomingcleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support inthe event of some kind of conflict within the group or_29_ from outside it.As we humanbeings evolve fro

31、m a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _30_that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together madesense because the bigger the group, the greater the _31_ it provided; on theother hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close toothers. Groomin

32、g helped to _32_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as thegroups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activitiesalso had to be _33_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _34_kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocalgrooming which

33、allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groupsby exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would bepossible by one-to-one _35_ contact.21. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language22. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally23. A. social

34、B. political C. historical D. cultural24. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters25. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult26. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens27. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result28. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behav

35、ior29. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance30. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses31. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection32. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease33. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained34. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. th

36、oughtful35. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。研究表明人们的语言大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲言碎语，这些闲言碎语是不是浪费时间呢，Robin Dunbar教授不是这样认为的，他认为闲言碎语是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流形式。【21题详解】考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.宣称,B.描

37、述，C.闲话，D.语言，根据上文的句子：可知我们人类的大多数对话不是文化的，政治的问题，也不是关于电影和树的讨论，而就是简单的闲言碎语，Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished readin

38、g下文多次出现gossip这个词，所以选C。【22题详解】考查副词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.偶然地，B.习惯地，C.独立地，D.最初地，根据上一句，Language is our greatest treasure as a species,语言是我们做为一个物种的最伟大的财宝，我们习惯怎么使用它？所以选B。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.社交的，B.政治的，C.历史的，D.文化的，根据下文的：involving children, lovers, and colleagues.包括孩子，爱人和同事这些都是社会形势，所以选A.【24题详解】考查名词辨析。四个选项的

39、含义分别是：A.仰慕者，B.主人，C.使用者，D.浪费者，根据上文，So why are we keen on gossiping?我们为什么喜欢说些闲言碎语，因为我们是时间和语言的浪费者吗？所以选D。【25题详解】考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.至关重要的，B.敏感的，C.理想的，D.困难的，根据上文的介绍，It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.可知Robin Dunbar教授不认为我们是浪费时间，而认为闲言碎语是最重要的事情，所以选A。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.证实，B.反对

40、，C. 概述，略述，画轮廓，打草图D.拓宽，根据上下文可知Robin Dunbar教授是反对传统的关于语言是在人类社会发展初期在组织打猎的时候发展起来的这个观点，所以选B。【27题详解】考查词组辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.例如，B.此外，C.相反的，D.因此，根据上文的句子：Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk,可知：正相反的是，语言进化是是让我们说些闲言碎语的，所以

41、选C。【28题详解】考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.动机，B.外表，出现，C. 情感，D.行为，根据下文的描述By means of grooming可知教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人高兴的理论的，所以选D。【29题详解】考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.进攻，B.联系，C.视察，D.帮助，根据上文的conflict可知猴子和其他的个体形成群体来获得在内部冲突事件中或来自外界的进攻时的支持，所以选A。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.回想，B.否认，C.下结论，结束，D. .承认，聆听（某人的）忏悔，这句话的意思是：教授下结论说，我们在历史上做过相

42、似的事情，所以选C。【31题详解】考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A. .前景，期望，眺望处，景象，B.责任，C.领导，D.保护，根据下文的：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.可知因为群体越大，获得的保护就越大，所以选D。【32题详解】考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.衡量，B.展示，C.保持，D.缓解，根据上文：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stres

43、ses of living close to others.群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来，所以选D。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.拯救，B.延伸，延长，C.消费，消耗，D.获得，随着群体越来越大，花在打扮上的时间就要延长来维持它的效果，所以选B。【34题详解】考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.常见的，普遍的，B.有效的，C.科学的，D.考虑周到的，根据上文的effectiveness可知这里是需要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。所以选B。【35题详解】考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.间接的，B.日常的，C.物理的，

44、身体的，D.秘密的，语言演变成了有声的梳理毛发，它可以让人们通过比一对一的日常交流更多的人群中交换信息，这样可以和更大的群体发展关系，所以选C。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。本题第8小题，根据下文的描述By means of grooming可知教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人高兴的理论的，所以答案为“行为”；本题第12小题，根据上文：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to

45、 others.群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来，可知此处是“缓解”。Section B（每题2分，共40分）Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the

46、information given in the passage you have just read.AThe teacherwho did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt.She was Myrtle C.Manigault, the wife of my mother's brother Bill. She taught me in second gradeat all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and you

47、th, Aunt Myrtle encouragedme to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what wasconsidered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing; shelistened to my voice and pronounced it good.I couldn't dance; she taught me thebasic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre-no

48、t just children's theatre butadult comedies and  dramas-and her faiththat I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensivelibrary and shared them with me.I had books at home, but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strong

49、liking for humour, and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel throughher.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided myfirst opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to theeditor as a

50、"youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen,was supposed to cover teenage social activities-and it did-but it also gave methe freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gatheringmaterial, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation fromcolleg

51、e six years later, a solid collection of published material that carriedmy name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favouriteniece". Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilitie

52、s to every pupilwho has crossed her path.36. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth?A. She lent her some serious classics.B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered her talent for dancing.D. She introduced her to adult plays.37. What does A

53、rchy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun.B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreaking play.38. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to _.A. develop her capabilities for writingB. give her a chance to collect mater

54、ialC. involve her in teenage social activitiesD. offer her a series of writing jobs39. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who_.A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or

55、possible for pupilsD. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning【答案】36. D 37. A 38. A 39. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了最能鼓励作者的老师Aunt Myrtle。她让学生们有信心发掘他们的潜力。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中She took me to the theatre-not just children's theatre butadult comedies and dramas-and her faiththat I could appreciate a

56、dult plays was not disappointed.可知，在她的童年和青年时期，Aunt Myrtle把她介绍给成人戏剧。故选D。【37题详解】词义指代题。根据第三段中Even as a child I had a strongliking for humour, and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel throughher. 即使在我还是个孩子的时候，我也很喜欢幽默，我永远也不会忘记通过她发现Don Marquis's Archy &a

57、mp; Mehitabel的乐趣。由此可知Archy & Mehitabel指代的是“一本非常有趣的书”，故选A。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided myfirst opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to theeditor as a "youth columnist".可知，Aunt Myr

58、tle推荐作者给一位报纸编辑，主要是为了发展她的写作能力。故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favouriteniece". Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupilwho has crossed her path.可知，我们可以从这篇文章中总结出Aunt Myrtle是一位老师，她让学生们有信心发掘他们的潜力。故选B。【点睛】做推理判断题时，要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。本题第4小题，根据最后一段Today Aunt Myrtle is still an