上海牛津英语7A语法专项讲解及练习名师制作优质教学资料

1、语法专项讲解及练习现在完成时（一）含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。e.g. I have lost my wallet. ( 含义是：现在我没有钱花了。Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。)Michael has been ill.( 含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。)He has returned from abroad. ( 含义是：现在已在此地)（二）结构助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。（三）句型1、肯定

2、句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。I have studied English for 5 years .2、否定句：主语+have /has+not + 动词过去分词+其他。We haven t been there .3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语 +动词过去分词 +其他？Has he eaten that apple ?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语 +动词过去分词+其他？（四）用法1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.I have li

3、ved here since 1998.,常与 for, since 连用。2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship., 如 already, yet, just, before, recently, lately 等：I haven t seen much of him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用e.g. Have

4、you ever been to Beijing?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4 、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up tothese fewdays/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, to

5、day, up to present, so far等。e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain this year.The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5、现在完成时表示现在

6、之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+ 一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years.(=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and isstill studying it now.)6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。e.g. We have had four te

7、xts this semester.现在完成时中的时间状语： already 通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经” ，位于行为动词之前 , be 动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you finished it already ？yet 用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没 )”。例如： Has he found his watch yet ？他还没找到他的表吗？ No, not yet. 是 , 还没有。 ever 意为“曾经” ，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词

8、之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。 never 意为“（曾经）从未、没有” , 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。 ever 与否定词 not 连用相当于 never。例如：I haven t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 just 意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。e.g. He has j

9、ust come back from school. 他刚从学校回来。 just now 意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时 , 用于一般过去时 , 位于句首或句尾均可。 e.g. He came from schooljust now.他刚才从学校回来。 for 和 since 的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。注意： since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.I haven t seen her since she left Shanghai.I saw Ping Pi

10、ng six years ago. Since I havenever seen her. have/has gone to、 have/has been to 和 have/hasbeen in 的区别。have/ has gone to去了 ,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来have/ has been to曾经去过 , 人已经回来了have/ has been in已经在 , 常与一段时间连用e.g. She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾去过上海。She has been in Shanghai for ten years.她在上海10 年了。Ha

11、s he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说Have you gone to Qingdao?现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：一般过去式：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情， 强调动作。现在完成时： 为过去发生的， 强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。现在完成时强调 过去发生的动作与现在的联系，对现在的影响。一般过去时强调过去发生的动作或状态，与现在没有联系。现在现在一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the facto

12、ry last year.二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词） ，常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如： Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have. When did you have it? At seven thirty.注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?三看句中谓语动词是否为

13、延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.现在完成时练习题一、单项选择1、 Bothhisparentslooksad .Maybe they_what'shappenedtohim . .knew.have known .must know .will know2、 Hehas_ beentoShanghai , hashe ? .alr

14、eady .never .ever . still3、 HaveyoumetMrLi _ ？ .just .ago .before .a moment ago4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . iswriting .waswriting .wrote .haswritten5、 -Our country_ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . haschanged ; well .changed ; good . has changed ; bette

15、r . changed ; better6、 Zhao Lan _already_in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、 We _ XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl . . know .hadknown . haveknown .Knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . .willsee.haveseen .saw .see9、 -Thesefarme

16、rshavebeentotheUnitedStates .-Really ? When _there ? . willtheygo .didtheygo .dotheygo .havetheygone10、 -_ you _ yourhomeworkyet ?-Yes . I _itamomentago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished .Have ; done ; havefinished .will ; do ; finish二、句型转换3、 The old man _ last year. Hefor a year. (di

17、e)4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义句转换 )This factory_ for twenty years.5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换 )Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、 Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Hermother _ thePartythreeyears_ .（动词填空）7、 The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (

18、同义句转换 )_ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce.8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. ( 把两个句子合并成一个句子)_二、句型转换。1、 has he?2、 How long3、 died, has been dead4、 has been open5、 has been away6、 joined ； ago7、 It is, since8、 The bus has been here for ten minutes.人称代词和物主代词1人称代词主格和宾格

19、的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一 .填写代词表主格。Iitweyouthemhisyourhers二 .用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, it s not _ .

20、 ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but where syou )? (8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ aren t here. ( they )11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I ca