初中英语时态语态教案终极整理版

1、.初中英语时态语态总结英语中一共有十六种时态，初中阶段主要学习和考到八种时态，主要包括一般现在时，一般过去时， 一般将来时，现在进行时， 过去进行时，现在完成时，过去将来时和过去完成时。一、一般现在时1.用法 :1）表示现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征或客观真理。常用的时间状语有 often ，usually ， sometimes ，always ， every day ，never ， in themorning，every week/day 等。e.g. I get up at six every morning.（经常性动作）He plays tennis once a w

2、eek.（习惯性动作）The sunrises in the east.（客观真理）My mother is a teacher. SheteachesEnglish in a school. （现在的状态）2) 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. If you dontgo soon, youll be late.3) begin, come., go, leave, start, stop 等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划、规定将要发生的事情。e.g. Classbegins at eight in the morning.2.构成：1）主语是 I, we, you

3、, they 和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是 he, she ,it 和名词单数时，动词使用第三人称单数。2）主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式 :S+V/ 动词的第三人称单数否定式 :S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他疑问式 :Do/Does+S+V+其他简略回答 :(肯 )Yes,S+do/does(否)No,S+do/does not主语肯定式否定式疑问式I am a student.I am not a student.Are you a student.第一、二人We/You/TheyareWe/You/TheyarenotAre you/ th

4、eystudents?;.称和第三人称复数以及名词复数students.students.Is he/ she a student?He/ She is a student.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ don t likeDo you/ they like music?I / We/ You/ They/ likemusic.Do many people likemusic.Many people don t likemusic?Many people like music.music.3）当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复

5、数时：肯定式 :S + be + ·否定式 :S+ be +not + ···疑问式 :Am /Is /Are + S+ ·?·简略回答 : (肯) Yes,S + be.(否 ) No,S + be.真题：1. Can your father drive?(08 武汉 ) Yes, and he usuallyto school.A droveB is drivingC drivesD has driven2.If I find his phone number, Iyou.(09 北京 )A tellB toldC will te

6、llD have told3. The teacher told the students that the earthround, not flat. (08 天津 )A isB wasC has beenD is being二、一般过去时1. 表示过去某段时间发生的事，存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作时用一般过去时。常用于一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979 等。2. 用法：1）过去发生的动作。e.g. The policestopped me on my way home last night.2）过去存在的状态。

7、e.g. They weren't able to come because they were so busy.3）be used to doing 表示过去常常做某事。也是一般过去时的标记。e.g. Shewas used to feedingthe cats in the yard.3. 构成：S+V-ed;.1） 用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况+ed以 e 字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母 y 结尾去 y 变 i ed重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母 +ed2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be 和 like 为例）：主

8、语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数真题：I was a student.I was not a student.Were you a student.We/You/ They wereWe/You/ They wereWere you/ they students?students.not students.Was he/ she a student?He/She was aHe/ She was not astudent.student.Did you/ they like music?I / We/ You/ They/Did many people like mu

9、sic?I / We/ You/ They/didn t like music.liked music.Many people didn tManypeople likedlike music.music.1.Yesterday，Tonys familya good time. (08泸州 )A hasB haveC had2.We were in Qingdao last week andgreat fun there. (08北京 )A will haveB have hadC hadD have3.My grandmotherus stories when I was young.( 0

10、9 锦州)A was used to tellB is used to tellingC are used to tellD was used totelling三、一般将来时1.用法：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于一般将来时的时间状语： tomorrow，next week， in 2008 等。;.1）将要发生的动作。e.g. I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.2）将要存在的状态。e.g. This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?3）打算要做的事。e.g. Are

11、 you going to watch the film on television tonight?4）come， go, start, move, sail 等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。e.g. The whole family is going for two months.5) 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. If you dontgo soon, youll be late.2.构成：1）助动词 will(shall)+v2）be +goingto +v3.will和 be going to 的区别：1）表示带意愿色彩的将来用will 。e

12、.g. I will stay with you in the future.2) 询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请和命令时用will 。e.g. Will you go to the park with me?Will you please open the door?3) 表示客观的将来，用 will 。e.g. I will be 22 years old next year.4) be going to 常用于口语中用来表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. Were going to help some farmers with their work.5)表示打算或准备要做的事用

13、be going toe.g. Shes going to leave at 10 oclock tomorrow.6)根据某种迹象判断可能要发生的事用 be going to。e.g. Look at the clouds.It sgoing to rain.真题：1. Why are you in such a hurry, Mike?( 09福州 ) Therean NBA basketball game in ten minutes.A will haveB will beC is going to haveD are going to be;.2. In five years, Ia

14、 doctor.( 08泸州 )A will beB wasC am3. If they come, wea meeting.A haveB will haveC hadD would have四、现在进行时1. 用法：1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行） 。常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now ,look, listen 等。e.g. Sheis having a bath now.2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。e.g.You are working hard today.Kate wants to work in Italy,

15、so sheis learning Italian.The population of the world is growing very fast.3）频度副词 always, forever 等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。e.g. He is always trying out new ideas.4）表示按计划即将发生的动作 （仅限于 go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。e.g. The party is beginning at 8:00 o clock.5) “系动词 +介词 /副词” 表示正在进行的动作。e.

16、g. He is at work.6) 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词如 hope, smell, hear, see等一般不用进行时态。2. 构成：be+ v-ing1）v-ing 现在分词的构成：一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母 e 结尾的单词。去 e,加 ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词， 末尾只有一个辅音字母时 .run-running, stop-stopping,2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句 ： S+be +V-ing否定句： S+be+not + V-ing;.一般疑问句： Is(Are)+S+V-ing ？特

17、殊疑问： wh_+ be + S + V-ing?主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称I am driving.I am not driving.Are you driving?和第三人称He/She/It is working.He/She/It is not working.Is he/she/it working?复数以及名We/You/They aredoing We/You/They are notAre you/they doing词复数something.doing anything.something?真题：1.Mr. Greento the manager now

18、. Youd better call him later. ( 09 北京 )A talkB is talkingC talkedD was talking2.Everything on the earthall the time.A is changingB is changedC has changedD has been changed3.Be quiet, please. The studentsa class now.(08长春 )A haveB hadC are havingD were having五、过去进行时1.用法：过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常用于过去进行时的时

19、间状语有atfour yesterday afternoon， then，at that time/moment 等。e.g.This time last year I was living in Brazil.What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?2.构成：was / were +v-ing3. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别：1）一般过去时：强调过去某个时候曾有过某个动作（已经完成的）。2）过去进行时：强调动作在过去的某个时候或某个时间段内正在进行（是否完成不明确）。e.g. Mary wrote a letter to her f

20、riend last night.Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.真题：;.1. Were you at home at 7 oclock last night? (09 宁波 ) Yes, Ia shower at that time.A tookB am takingC was takingD was taken2. The boydown the street when the UFO landed.( 09 仙桃 )A walksB walkC is walkingD was walking3. Imy homewo

21、rk while my parentsTV last night.(06 南京 )A did; have watchedB was doing; were watchingC had done; were walkingD would do; were watching六、现在完成时1. 用法：1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, just,ever, never, before等副词连用。e.g. Shehas never readthis novel.2)表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去。常与 for ( 后跟段时间 )或 sin

22、ce (后跟点时间 )等连用。e.g. I have beena member of the Party for 10 years.I have beena member of the Party since 10 years ago.3) 在有 for 和 since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词（ die, arrive, close,become, come, fall, leave, go, lose, give, jump），应用与之相应的表示状态的词。e.g.(F)He has died for 3 years.(T)He has beendead for 3 years.

23、4) 当表示动作、状态持续时用延续性动词（ work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep）。延续性动词一般不与表示“点”的时间状语连用。e.g. We have studiedEnglish for three years.(F)It rained at eight yesterday morning.(T)It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.2. 构成：1) have / has + v-ing2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be 和 see为例）

24、：肯定句： S+ have（has）+V-ed否定句： S+ have（has）+not(haven t,hasn -edt)+V;.一般疑问句： Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？特殊疑问句： wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？主语第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式I /We/You/ They haveI /We/You/ They haven tHave you/ they been herebeen here before.been here before.before?He/ She has been hereHe/ She hasn

25、 tbeenHas he/ she been herebefore.here before .before?.I / We/ You/ They/ Many.I / We/ You/ They/Have you/ they/ many peoplepeople have seen the film.Many people haven tseen the film?seen the film.3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1）侧重点不同。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时只是一种过去的时态，与现在无关。e.g. Yesterday Iwent to the zoo.Li L

26、ei has read the book.2) 标记的时间状语不同。现在过去时： already, yet, still, just, so far, before, ever, never, since+一段时间， for+一段时间。一般过去时： ago, yesterday, last year, in 2000, just now.e.g. Have you ever pickedflowers or stepped on the grass in a park?Father bought that watch ten years ago.4.have been to, have gon

27、e to, have been in 的区别1）have been to表示过去曾去过某地， 现在已经不在该地了。 常与 just, ever, never 等连用，后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。e.g. He has been toGuangzhou for three times. Have you ever been tothe United States? Yes, twice.2）have gone to表示到某地去了，说话时该人不在说话地点，或者已到该地，或在途中。一般主语不用第一、第二人称。e.g. Where is Mrs. Smith? Sheisn t here.She

28、has gone toEngland.;.3）have been in表示已经在某地待了多久。常跟 for+一段时间，表示在某地待了多长时间。e.g. Have your sister been in China for a long time? Yes. She went there five years ago.David has been inShanghai for more than three months.真题：1. How do you like Beijing, Mr. Smith? Oh, Isuch a beautiful city before.A dontvisitB

29、 didn tvisitC haven tvisitedD hadntvisited2. Sheas an animal trainer since 2003.(09北京 )A has workedB worksC will workD worked3. Is Mr. Green at home?( 09 黔东 ) No, heShanghai.A has been toB has gone toC is going to4. Where is Zhang Ming?(10.湖南 ) Oh，dont you know heto Beijing to see his parents and he

30、ll be backtomorrow.A. hasgoneB. has beenC. had gone5. Jack，I haven t seen your brother for a long time.(09,福建 ) HeShanghai on business for two months.A. went toB. has gone toC. has been inD. has been to七、过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态， “从过去看将来”，常用于宾语从句。1. 用法：1）主句为一般过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事情。 e.g. Nobody

31、knew what would happen after a hundred years.2) 叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将会发生的事。e.g. It was on Sunday afternoon, Tomwas going to start work the following week.;.2. 构成：1）助动词 would(should)+v2）was/were +goingto +v真题：1.Daddy promised me heme a computer.A was boughtB had boughtC boughtD would buy2.Th

32、e teacher said shesome books to the class in the afternoon. ( 08绵阳 )A would bringB will bringC bringD brought3.Jenny said sheher holiday in China.A spentB would spentC was going to spentD would spend八、过去完成时1. 用法：1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。在时间上表示“过去的过去”，常与 by/before+过去时间构成的介词短语连用。e.g.She said shehad

33、seenthe film 4 times.By the time they arrived, the bushad left.2）常与 before/when 引导的一般过去时的从句连用。e.g. When Mr. Li got to the classroom, all the studentshad begun reading. 3）常出现的时间状语有 till ，until then 等。 e.g. She told me shehad been ill recently.4）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 常与 for ( 后跟段时间 )或 since (后

34、跟点时间 )等连用。e.g. Shehad worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.2. 构成：肯定式： had + V_ed否定式： hadnt +V_ed疑问式： Had + V_ed简略回答： Yes, S + have/has had.No, S + had真题：;.1. The teachersthe office for a few minutes when we arrived. Wedidn tmeetthem. (09常州 )A had been away fromB had leftC have been awa

35、y fromD have left2. Theyabout eight hundred English words by the end of last term. (09 广州 )A will learnB had learnedC are going to learnD have learned3. Mr. Wangdinner when we got to his house.(07 青岛 )A had boiledB had madeC had kept语态所谓语态，就是说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。分两种形式：主动语态：句中的主语是动作的执行者或发出者。被动语态：句中的主语是

36、动作的承受者或接受者。语态的考查是全国各地中考的热点，也是初中必须掌握的语法之一。我们重点学习被动语态。? 实际上 , 英语中的被动式就相当于汉语表达中的”把字句和被字句” .即:“把怎样”；“被怎样”初中阶段我们学习的被动式结构，归纳如下：一般现在时的被动式：结构： am /is / are + Ved(过去分词）例句： My brother asks me to clean the windows. 主(动句句式 ) 步骤：）找到主动句中的宾语，如果有双宾语（间宾直宾） ，把间宾作为被动句中的主语）确定主动句中的动词时态）对应变换为被动结构）有时，主动句中的主语在被动式中可省略被动式： I

37、 am asked to clean the windows by（ my brother）.现在完成式的被动式：结构：主语 have / has + been +Ved.例句： We have finished our homework already.改： Our homework has been finished already (by us )现在进行时的被动式：结构： am / is / are + being Ved例句： Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.Basketball is being p

38、layed by the students in the open air .I am asked to clean the windows by（ my brother） .现在完成式的被动式：;.结构：主语 have / has + been +Ved例.句：We have finished our homework already.改： Our homework has been finished already (by us )现在进行时的被动式：结构： am / is / are + being Ved例句：Look, the students are playing basketb

39、all in the open air. Basketball is being played by the students in the open air . 一般过去时的被动式： 结构： was / were + Ved例句： We cooked the lunch an hour ago .改： The lunch was cooked ( by us ) an hour ago .We didnt make the model plane.The model plane wasnt made by us.过去进行时的被动式：结构： was / were + being + Ved例句： He was watching TV when I called him last night.TV was being watched by him when I called him last night .过去完成式的被动式：结构： had +been+ V ed例句： By the end of last term , we had learned about eight hundred English words .About eight hundred English words had be