初三-语法-情态动词-及配套练习

1、情态动词(modal verbs)情态动词(modal verbs)情态动词短语phrases of modal verbs现在式（present tense）过去式 （past tense）cancouldbe able to maymightbe allowed to must-have toshallshouldbe supposed to (ought to)willwouldbe going toWould you stop complaining about things? Were supposed to do our best and we should be able to

2、finish this work before the boss has to start screaming at us again. If you could just concentrate on getting finished, we might be allowed to leave early this afternoon. You know hes not going to let us leave early if we cant get the work done. 一Can1.基本意义：表示能力，过去、现在无论何时的能力。(Ability)I can speak Engl

3、ish. 我能说英语。2.可能性：人们现在决定将来的可能性(possibility)We can talk about it later. 我们可以稍后讨论。3.可能性：表达理论上的可能性，事件或情况可能发生但不涉及是否真的发生。有时指一时的情况，常常译为“有时候会”It can be very hot in North China in summer. 夏季华北地区会很热。4.可能性：否定句和疑问句中，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信。How can that be true? I cant believe it. 那怎么可能是真的？我真不敢相信。5.can have done表示对过去发生事情的推测

4、，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。(supposition)Mary cant have gone to school, as it was Sunday.6.征求许可(permission)Can I watch TV for a while, Mum? I have been studying for a whole day.7.表示允许别人做某事。Could I use your cellphone for a while?-Yes, you can. 8.表示提议或请求，语气较强。(suggestion)Can you make some room for me, please?你能否为我腾

5、出一点地方来？二、could1.基本用法：can的过去式，表示能力I couldnt speak well until I was five years old. 我直到5岁才说话流利。2.可能性：否定句和疑问句中表示可能性，没有时间上的差异，could的语气更委婉(euphemism)It couldnt be dad. He wont be back this time of evening. 不可能是爸爸。他不可能晚上这个时候回来。3.表示推测：推测过去发生的事情：could have done. She could have told Jim yesterday about the d

6、elay of the party. 她昨天可能告诉吉姆晚会推迟的事了。4.征求许可：could 比can更加迟疑不决，没有把握。Could I take this seat, sir, if you dont mind?5.表示提议和请求，表示客气的语气：Could you make some room for me, please?你是否可以为我腾出一点地方呢？三、be able to表示能力，有时可以和can互换。He is able to drive. He can drive. 表示过去具体某次能够做成某事，用was/were able to，不用could. He worked v

7、ery hard and was able to pass that exam. 他学习非常努力，所以能通过那场考试。表示将来的能力，用will be able to,不用can。If I have fulfilled my present work tomorrow, Ill be able to join your travelling. 如果我明天能完成目前的任务，我就能参加你们的旅行。四、may1.推测：肯定句中表示“可能、也许”He may come tomorrow.他可能明天来。2.表请求、许可May I borrow your book? 我可以借你的书吗？may表请求时，主语

8、为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回答用“mustnt”，表示“不可以、不许”，不用“may not”May I go now?- No, you mustnt.不你不可以。/客气的回答：Please dont. 肯定回答避免用“Yes, you may”显得不客气，可用“Yes, please.”may not 用于表示拒绝或禁止：Students may not stay out after midnight. 学生不准午夜后在外逗留。3.表祝愿：May you succeed. 祝你成功。4.表示允许，用于肯定句。(assertive sentence)You may go home. 你可以

9、回家了。5.表示客观可能性：Take a raincoat. It may rain. 五、mightmay的过去式，用来表示委婉语气。1.可能性：I wondered if they might agree with the idea. 我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。2.表示允许：She said I might use her bike. 她说我可以用她的自行车。六、be allowed to1.在肯定句中表示给予许可。We are allowed to borrow these books from the library. 我们可以从图书馆借出这些书。2.在否定句中拒绝许可，甚至禁止

10、You are not allowed to smoke here. 这儿不允许抽烟。七、must1.基本意义:must只有现在时，表示现在或将来时态。在肯定句或疑问句中表示：必须。We must return the book to the library on time. 我们必须按时把书还给图书馆。2.基本意义：在否定句中表示“禁止、不许”。3.推断：很有把握，必定一定，只用于肯定句。Theres someone knocking on the door. It must be Jim. 有人敲门，一定是吉姆。4.表示自然规律或必然结果(logical result)All men mu

11、st die. 人终有一死。5.推测、猜测：只用于肯定句。must be:对现在某事的推测It must be Jims, isnt it? 这肯定是吉姆的，不是吗must have done: 对过去的推测No one answered the phone call. They must have gone out. 没人接电话，他们一定出去了。对must进行反意疑问时，要用句子的实义动词。八、have to表示必须，是因为外在压力而不得不做，客观原因造成，而must强调主观原因。Have to可用多种时态，must只用于一般现在时。We must obey the rules. 我们必须遵

12、守规则。Its raining hard. We have to stay at home. 外面下大雨，我们只好待在家里。九、should1.表示征求意见，作为shall的过去式，用于第一和第三人称，多用于间接引语，以征求对方意见。Mr. Lee asked if he should get his visa tomorrow. 李先生问他明天是否可以拿到签证。2.表示义务、职责：I think children should learn to respect their elders. 我认为孩子们应该学会尊敬长辈。3.提供帮助、提出建议，要求对方给出意见：Should I help yo

13、u with the community affairs? 我可以帮你做一些社区事务吗？4.表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。Its unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song. 这孩子竟能唱这么好的歌，真令人难以置信。5.可能性：较大可能性，按理应该Its already 10. She promised to come by 10. She should be here at any moment. 已经10点了，她答应10点前到，她随时可能来到。6.should have done,本该：You shou

14、ld have invited me to the party yesterday. 昨天你本该邀请我去参加聚会的。十、ought toOught 否定式为 ought not to或oughtnt to, 一般疑问形式将ought置于主句前。Should表示自己的主观看法，ought to 反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。1.表示职责和义务，提出要求及人们应该去做正确的事或好事:Humans ought to stop polluting nature. 人类应该停止污染大自然了。2.表示很大可能性。The seats ought to be enough for all the

15、 guests.3.与动词不定式(infinitive)的完成时（perfect）连用，表示本该做某事而没有做。You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 你迟到了。你本该早来5分钟。十一、shall1.用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。如：Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 汤姆明天可以和我一起去吗2.用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。You shall get an answer from me by tomorro

16、w. 到明天你就会得到我的答复。You shall be punished for what youve done. 你应为你所做的受到处罚。3.用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定中“应”“必须”No reader shall take a book out of the library without the librarians permission.不经管理员同意，读者不准将书带出图书馆。十二、be supposed to1.主语是人，“应该、被期望”，表示劝告、义务、责任、建议Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in t

17、he car. 每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。2.主语为物，表示“本应、本该”，表示本应发生而没有发生。The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. 这些新法令本应起到防止犯罪的作用。3.be supposed to have done,表示本应做某事而没有做。He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.他本应该一小时前就到了。4.否定结构为be not supposed to,表示“不被许可、不应当”She was not supposed to be angry about that. 她本不该为那件事生气

18、的。十三、will1.表示意愿：表示自愿或主动做什么，如意志、愿望或决心。Can someone help me? I will. 有人能帮一下忙吗？我来帮你。2.表示请求：Will you come this way, please? 你能走这条路吗？3.表示规律性的“注定会”People will die without air or water. 人离开水和空气将会死。4.表示习惯或特性This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.这位老人很奇怪。他会坐几个小时而不说话。十四、would1.表

19、示意愿：would用于过去的情况Mary said she would arrange everything for him. 玛丽说她会为他安排好一切。2.表示请求：比will语气委婉。Would you open the window, please? 你愿意打开窗户吗？3.表示习惯或特性：用于过去，带有主观性We would sit around grandpa after supper, listening to his stories. 过去晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。十五、be going to1.表示即将发生的动作, will 表示将来发生的事情，不一定是最近期间的事

20、She told her she was going to quit the job. 她告诉她，她即将辞职不干。2.表示某人打算做某事，含有主观意愿，will则是客观叙述。He is not going to be made a scapegoat. 他不会去做替罪羊。3.表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，will 表示单纯的将来，无按计划之意。The railway is going to be open on October 1. 这条铁路将于十月一日通车。十六、need1.做情态动词，主要用于疑问句或否定句中，一般不用于肯定句中：Need I do the washing up? 要我来刷

21、碗吗？You neednt work this Saturday. 这周六你不必工作。由于need 不用于肯定回答，一般用must来回答Need I stay here any longer? 我要在这儿待下去吗？No, you neednt. / Yes, you must. 不需要/需要2.用于谈论过去在否定式或疑问式中，谈论过去情况，表示本来不必要做某事而事实上做了。You neednt have told him about my plans. 你本不必把我的打算告诉他。3.做行为动词，可用于疑问句、否定句和肯定句。Does he need to go so soon? 他用得着这么快

22、就走吗？He needs to go. 他想走。He doesnt need to go. 他不需要走。十七、dare1.做情态动词：主要用于疑问句或否定句，一般不用于肯定句：She dare not laugh. 她不敢笑。Dare he go to see her? 他敢去看她吗？2.用于I dare say视为习语，表示推测“我认为”I dare say he will come. 我揣测他会来。3.做行为动词：可用于各种句型，用于疑问句和否定句时，to可以省略。Did anyone dare admit it? 有人敢承认吗？I dare to swim across the rive

23、r. 我敢游过这条河。表示肯定推测的不同程度：He is sick.100%肯定He must be sick.90%肯定He may be sick.50%肯定He could/might be sick.25%肯定表示否定推测的不同程度：It isnt good.100%肯定It cant/couldnt be good.90%肯定It may not be good.50%肯定It might not be good. 25%肯定练习：1. Jean have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.A. mustB. sho

24、uldC. needD. would2Her brother be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A. mustntB. needntC. cantD. shouldn't 3-I cant understand why our boss is late. -He the early bus.A. could missB. may have missedC. can have missedD. might miss4. She didn't answer t

25、he phone, she _ asleep.A. may beB. must beC. should have beenD. must have been5He_ his supper now, for the dining hall is still closed.A. cant be havingB. neednt be havingC. mustnt be havingD. shouldn't be having6I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It _ . A. may be stolenB.

26、 must be stolenC. must have been stolenD. must have stolen7. The hotel is only a stones throw away, you _ take a bus.A. need not to B. not need to C. don't need D. need not8. I am busy now, _ my brother do it for you ?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May9. -You neednt do it right now, need you?-Yes I am

27、 afraid I _ .A. needB. needntC. mustD. mustnt 10.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _ have taken it? A. shouldB. mustC. couldD. would11. -The room is so dirty._ we clean it? -Of course. A WillB. ShallC. WouldD. Do12. If you have something important to do, you _ waste any time.A. nee

28、dntB. mustntC. may notD. wont13. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student card_ here.A. has to leaveB. must leaveC. has to be leftD. must be left14. “ Dont get near to it . It is too dangerous!”“_” .A. Yes, I wontB. No, I dont C. No, I cantD. No, I wont 15. He must be in the classroom, _ he?A. mustntB. cantC. isnt D.can16. You _ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.A. couldntB. needntC. wouldntD. mustnt 17. Something_to save our earth. Do you think so?A. can doB. must doC. has to doD. must be done18. May I park my car here? No, you _. No car