必修5 Unit 1Great scientists

1、必修5 Unit 1Great scientists一、单词识记 1. _ _ n.宇宙; 世界 2. _ _ n.受害者3. _ n.附近; 邻近 4. _ _ adj. 严重的, 剧烈的5. _ n.特征; 特性 6. _ _ vt.照顾；出席；参加7. _ _ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 8. _ _ vt.预见；预知9. _ _ adj.积极的；肯定的 10. _ _ vt.打败；战胜 n.失败11. _ n.治愈 vt.治愈 12. _ n.柄；把手vt.处理13. _ vt.怀疑 n.嫌疑犯 14. _ n.挑战 vt.挑战15. _ adj.熟练的 n.专家 16. vt.责备；谴

2、责 n过失；责备二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生1. _ _ n. 科学 _ _ n. 科学家 _ _ adj. 科学的2. _ _ vt. 分析 _ _ n. 分析3. _ _ vt. 污染；弄脏 _ _ adj. 受污染的 _ _ n. 污染4. _ _ vt. 命令；指示；教导 _ _ n. 指示；教导5. _ _ _ vt.传染；感染 _ _ _ adj.传染的6. _ _ n. 小心; 谨慎 _ _ adj. 小心的; 谨慎的(B)灵活运用1. He needed more _ _ (science) experiments to support his theory.2. She ha

3、s come to the _ _ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.3. He fell ill because of eating the _ _ (pollute) seafood.4. The _ _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of poison.5. Follow the _ _ (instruct) when you operate the machine. 三、短语翻译 1. _ _ 提出 2. _ _ 讲得通；有意义3. _ 使显露；暴露 4. _ _ 将和联系起来5

4、. _ _ 除之外； 此外 6. _ _ _ 对严格7. _得出结论 8. _导致；引起9. _ 失去控制 10. _受责备11. _ 在建设中 12. _ 结束四、重点单词1conclude vt.&vi.断定；推断出；终止；达成，缔结 conclusion n. 结论；结束教材原句Draw a conclusion得出结论conclude sth. (from sth.) = conclude (from sth) that+从句 (从中)判断出conclude sth with sth=conclude by doing sth. 以结束to conclude 最后come to

5、/ reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion= in a word 总而言之【牛刀小试】He their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。He concluded his speech_ _a famous saying：where there is a will，there is a way.他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。We will have a further discussion before we_ _.我们将作进一步的

6、讨论，然后再作出最终结论。_ _ conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to_ _it with important points.当小组讨论即将结束的时候，要确保用要点来总结讨论的内容。2attend vi. 专心；留意；注意vt. 出席，参加；照顾，护理教材原句John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert

7、，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人医生。attend a meeting/wedding/lecture参加会议/出席婚礼/听演讲attend school/class/church上学/上课/去做礼拜attend (on/upon) sb.照顾(侍候)某人attend to处理【牛刀小试】I am the first child in my family to _ _college.我是家里第一个上大学的孩子。Th

8、e meeting will_ _by finance ministers from many countries.很多国家的财政部长将出席会议。He has to_ _.他不得不照顾生病的儿子。I may be lateI have got one or two things_ _.我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。 比较辨析attend表示出席或参加会议、仪式、典礼；也可表示上课、上学、听报告等join表示加入某一组织，并成为其中的一员，如加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部等。其宾语也可以是人join in表示参加正在进行的小型活动，也可用于join sb.in(doing) sth.表示加入某

9、人一起做某事take part in表示参加活动，侧重说明主语参加并在其中发挥一定的作用，part 前若有修饰语，前面要用不定冠词填一填An old Party member who _ _ the Party in 1949 _ _ the meeting. He _ _ our group discussion and encouraged us to _ various social activities.3expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临教材原句The water companies were instructed not to expose people to pol

10、luted water any more.自来水公司接到指示：不得使人们再受污水的影响。 expose.to 使显露；暴露 be exposed to 暴露于，处于危险中expose sth.to sb.向某人揭发某事 expose sb.to sth.使某人接触到某物，使面临，使遭受 【牛刀小试】It is reported that he _ the truth of the milk poisoning incident_ _the public.他向公众揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。Don't expose your skin _ _ direct sunlight，or you&#

11、39;ll get sunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。Take care not to keep your children_ _the bad books and magazines.注意不要让孩子接触不良书籍和杂志。Recently several online rumors have_ _ _the public on CCTV.最近央视将几起网络谣言公布于众。4cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗；纠正教材原句Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。a

12、 cure for.针对的治疗(法)cure sb./a disease治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病cure sb.of.治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等【牛刀小试】Is there a certain cure cancer yet?至今为止，癌症有没有有效的治疗方法？The teacher cured him _ _ bad habits.老师纠正了他的坏习惯。 比较辨析cure意为“治愈”，常指治疗疾病、痛苦或改正恶习、弊害等，侧重结果；可构成cure sb.of sth.结构treat意为“治疗”，强调治疗的过程；常用treat sb.for sth.结构heal意为“(使)愈合，

13、治愈”，指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤，使愈合或恢复正常填一填The doctor_ _his headache with a new drug but didn't_ _him.The cut on my leg has_ _.5challenge n挑战；vt.向挑战教材原句John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.约翰·斯诺想直面这一挑战，解决这个难题。face a/the challenge面对挑战accept/take up a/the challenge to sth.接受的挑战challen

14、ge sb.(to do sth.)向某人挑战(做某事)【牛刀小试】Keeping prices from going up too sharply is a _ to China as well as the whole world.抑制物价飞涨既是中国也是全世界的挑战。He challenged me _ _(play) another tennis game.他向我挑战，要我跟他再打一场网球赛。6absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，并吞；理解，掌握教材原句The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into th

15、eir bodies with their meals.第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;absorb ones attention吸引某人注意力【牛刀小试】Dry sand water.干沙吸水。Clever children_ _ easily.聪明孩子容易领悟知识。He_ _writing a letter and didn't even look up when I came in.他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。_ _his work，Tom simply forgot food and sle

16、ep.汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。His attractive voice has absorbed_ _at the concert.他的吸引人的嗓音在音乐会上引起许多专家的注意。7suspect vt.认为；怀疑；n.C被怀疑者；嫌疑犯教材原句John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰·斯诺认为第二个理论是正确的，但他需要证据。suspect sth.怀疑有某事 suspect that.怀疑；觉得suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人

17、(做过)某事 suspect sb.to be.怀疑某人是be suspicious of/about.对怀疑【牛刀小试】I there was something wrong with the engine.我怀疑发动机出了毛病。She suspected him_ _taking her money.她怀疑他偷了她的钱。We suspect him_ _(be)ill.我们猜想他病了。8blame vt. 责备；谴责；把归咎于n. 过失；责备教材原句It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某

18、人 blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到某人头上be to blame应受责备；应负责任(常用主动形式表示被动意义)bear/take the blame for.对负责lay/put the blame for sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上【牛刀小试】They him the accident.他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。Don't always blame your own failure_ _.Sometimes you yourself are _ _.不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。You must_ _the accident.你必须承担这次事

19、故的责任。9announce vt.宣布；通告教材原句With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事 announce that.宣布；通知It is announced that.据宣布 announcement n通知，通告【牛刀小试】The spokesman the n

20、ews the reporter.发言人向记者发布新闻。_ _that she is going to Japan next week.据宣布，下个星期她要去日本。The bright flowers_ _that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。Attention，please！I have an_ _.请注意，我有消息要公布。 比较辨析announce指把人们所关心或感兴趣的事情公布于众，尤其是新闻之类的消息 declare多指正式地当众发布某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等，常用于宣战、议和与宣判填一填The school office_ _that

21、the sports meeting would be put off till the next Monday.It was_ _by the government that these small coal mines would be closed.10instruct vt.命令；指示；教导教材原句The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. 自来水公司接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。instruct sb.in sth.教授某人某事 instruct s

22、b.to do sth.命令某人做某事as instructed按照指示 instruction n用复数说明书；使用指南follow the instructions按照说明(书)；按指示【牛刀小试】 He _ me to deliver it to a customer. 他吩咐我把东西送给顾客。My job is_ _ her in English. 我的工作是教她英语。She arrived at 10_ _. 她依照指示十点钟到达。Always_ _on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. 一定要认真

23、读瓶子上的说明再服适量的药。11contribute vt.& vi. 捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿教材原句to contribute为了促进contribute.to.为捐献；投稿 contribute to有助于；促进；导致contribution n贡献；捐献 make a contribution/contributions to/towards.对作贡献；为作贡献【牛刀小试】I'm sure your suggestion will solving the problem.我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。She_ _our magazine.她给我们的杂志投了一篇

24、稿子。Eating too much fat can_ _heart disease and cause high blood pressure.摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。Everyone is willing to _ _the homeless people.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。Everyone should make a contribution to_ _(protect)the environment.每个人都应当为保护环境作贡献。重点短语和句型1put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨教材原句Who put for

25、ward a theory about black holes?谁提出的黑洞理论？put aside节省；储蓄；留出；把放在一边 put away放好；积蓄；将收起来put off延期；推迟 put out熄灭；生产put up举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿 put up with容忍；忍受put through接通电话；完成；使经受 put back向后拨；推迟，延期；放回原处put down写下；放下；平定 put in安装；添上；花费【牛刀小试】They have the date of their wedding by one week.他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。I'm not g

26、oing to_ _their smoking in the office any longer.我再也不能容忍他们在办公室抽烟了。A notice was_ _in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.为了提醒同学们演讲的时间有变，有人张贴了一则通知。At the last moment，Tom decided to _ _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.在最后一刻，汤姆决定增加一个新人物，以使故事更可信。2apart from此外，除了之外教

27、材原句Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.除了上边提到的结构，你也学过下边这些短语。in addition(to)/besides除之外，另外还 but/except除之外(都)except for除之外(表细节上的“美中不足”) except that/when/what.除之外【牛刀小试】_the cost，the dress doesn't suit me.姑且不论价格，这件衣服不适合我。It is a good book，_ _the to

28、rn cover.除了封面破了，它是本好书。 比较辨析besides意为“除了之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义。表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分也包括在内except意为“除了之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在内except for意为“除之外”，用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思apart from具有多重意思，根据不同语境，既可代替besides，也可代替except或except for填一填All the students took part in the sports meeting_Tom.We need three more chairs_these two

29、._the ending，it's a really good film.3make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通教材原句Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。make sense of理解；明白 make no sense没道理；没意义in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)common sense常识 There is

30、no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没道理a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感【牛刀小试】This sentence just ，no matter how you read it.无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。_in getting angry about it.为此生气是没有意义的。_can we lie to our parents.我们决不能向父母说谎。You are right_，but you don't know all the facts.在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了

31、解全部事实。Can you_ _ this article?你能看懂这篇文章吗？4Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(1) neither.nor.“既不也不”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。(2) 遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：either.or.不是就是 not only.but also.不仅而且not.but.不是而是【牛刀小试】To be honest，I have time money for the ball.诚实地说，我既没有时间也没有金钱

32、参加舞会。Neither my wife nor I myself_ _(be)able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。Not only the nurses but also the doctor_ _(be) very kind to the patients.护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。Either you or one of your students_ _(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。

33、 5So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万的惊恐的老百姓病死。 (1)every time引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表示“每当”。(2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：each time每当时候 next time下次时the序数词time第次 the瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant)一就(3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句。【牛刀小试】She let

34、 out a cry she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就叫了起来。_ _Kobe visits China，he receives a warm welcome from his Chinese fans.每一次科比来访中国，都会受到中国球迷的热烈欢迎。_ _I climbed onto the wall，I felt very nervous.我第一次爬到墙上去时，感到很紧张。6Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中

35、心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。(1)only if 只有，只要，引导的状语从句在句首时，主句要用倒装语序，即主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be置于主语前。(2)if only 但愿，要是就好了，引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望。【牛刀小试】She'll have a chance to get well _she has a strong will to live.唯有她有活下去的坚强意志她才会有机会好起来。_ she were my sister!如果她是我姐姐该多好啊！_ in this way, _ solve the pro

36、blem easily.只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题参考答案：一、 单词识记1universe 2victim 3neighborhood 4severe 5characteristic 6attend7absorb 8foresee 9positive 10defeat 11cure 12handle13suspect 14challenge 15expert 16blame二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生1. science scientist scientific 2. analyse analysis 3. pollute polluted pollution4. instruct instruction 5.