定语从句介词加关系词

1、“介词+ which / whom ”引导的定语从句1. 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出介词+关系代词”句型。2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系畐U词有 where, when, why等。3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doct

2、or.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.一、基本构成1. 介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which (指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词 +which/whom 。(1) The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.(2) The city in which she lives is far away.(3) The little girl is

3、reading a book ,in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2. 在定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物);that/who/whom (指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略。如：(1) The man (who/whom /that ) you spoke to is a teacher.(2) The city (which/that ) she lives in is far away.注:通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前

4、面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，女口： look for, look after, pay atte ntion to ,take care of ,look forward to, liste n to等。This is the pen (that / which) you are look ing for.The patient ( who/whom /that ) she is looking after is her father.The words( that /which) we should pay attentionto are written on t

5、he blackboard.There are fifty patients(who/whom/that )we must take good care of.练习： Are these sentences right?(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.(2) The man( who/that) you talked with is my frie nd.(3) The man with who/that you talked is my friend.(4) The pla ne in which we flew to Can ad

6、a is very comfortable.(5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable.二、关系副词 when , where , why引导的定语从句。可用介词+ which "来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。其中 when=表时间的介词(如：in， at,during等)+which ；where=表地点的介词(如： in， at,on,under 等) +which ；why=表原因的介词(如： for)+which(1)当先行词表示 时间，定语从句中 缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词 whe n引

7、导，此时也 可选用表示时间的 介词+ which来代替关系副词 when。例如： I still remember the day when I came here.( on the day =when)当先行词表示 地点，定语从句中 缺少地点状语 时，通常用关系副词 where引导，此时也 可选用表示地点的 介词+ which来代替关系副词 where。例如： This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where)当先行词为reason，定语从句中 缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词 why引导，此时 也可以用for

8、 which来代替关系副词why。例如： There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义(重中之重)1. 一先，即根据定语从句中 介词与先行词 的搭配关系选择。I never forget the day on which I came to this school.(on the day)2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend

9、money on sth.)3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的 意义来确定介词。This is my pair of glasses, without which_ I cannot see clearly.例题：用 介词+关系代词”的形式表示1. Do you like the bookshe lear ned a lot?2. He paid the boy $10 for wash ing ten win dows, mosthad n't bee n clea ned for atleast a year.3. The towerpeople can have a good vie

10、w is on the hill.注意：介词+关系代词1) 介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2) that前不能有介词。3 )某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where 禾口 why 互换。定语从句练习:I.The placein terested me most was the Childre n's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that

11、I spoke3.This is the hotellast mon th.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the yearthe Chin ese Communist Party was foun ded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5. The factorywe'll visit n ext week is not far from here.A. where B.

12、to which C. which D. i n which6. Ca n you lend me the bookthe other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked7. The penhe is writ ing is mine.A. with which B. i n which C. on which D. by which8. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a small bo

13、y.A. whom B. who C. which D. that9. The engin eermy father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom10.lt there anyone in your classfamily is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose11.1'm in terested inyou have said.A. all that B. all what C. that

14、D. which12.1 want to use the same dict ionarywas used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as13.Li Ming,to the concert enjo yed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I wentCwith who I went D.l went with him14.He talked a lot about thingsand personsthey rememberedin the school. A.which B. that C.

15、whom D. what15.This is the reas onhe did n't come to the meet ing.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which状语从句练习1.he ' old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. Do you know if heto play basket ball with us?-I thi nk he will come if hefree tomorrow.A. come

16、s; is B. comes; will beC. will come; isD.will come; will be3. The police asked the childre ncross the streetthe traffic lights turnedgreen.A. not; before B. don ' when C. not to; untilD. not; after4.1 was late for class yesterdaythere was something wrong with my bike.A. whe nB. that C. un tilD.

17、because5. I hurriedI would n 'tbe late for class.A. sinceB. so that C. as if D. uni ess6.The teacher raised his voiceall the stude nts could hear him.A. for B. so that C. because D. in order7.t isthat we ' like to go out for a walk.8.Mary hadmuch work to do that she stayed at her office all

18、day.A.such B. so C. too D. very17. I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if18. the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As19. well you can drive, you must drive carefully.A. So long asB. I n order that C. No matter how D. The mome nt20. Write to me as soon as youto Beijing.