Quality and Quantity

1、Name, Quality, Quantity and Packing 1. Name of Commodity 2. Quality of Commodity 3. Quantity of Commodity 4. Packing of Commodity 5. Commodity InspectionName of Commodity Usually, the name of commodity : is specified in contracts under the subject “Name of Commodity” . is described in the beginning

2、of contracts, such as “The Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy on the terms and conditions stated below”。 is listed with the quality clause together. Name of CommodityThe importance of this clause: According to related laws and practices, this clause is a main component of the Descript

3、ion of Goods, and a fundamental basis of transaction. It concerns the rights and obligations of the buyer and the seller. If the goods delivered by the seller are not accordance with the agreed name of commodity, the buyer reserves the right to lodge a claim, reject the goods or even cancel the cont

4、ract.Case: 中国某食品有限公司出口苹果酒一批，国外来证货名为“Apple Wine”，于是我方为单证一致起见，所有单据上均用“Apple Wine”。不料货到国外后遭进口国海关扣留罚款，因该批酒的内、外包装上均写的是“Cider”字样。结果外商要求我方赔偿其罚款损失。 Cider n.美（用作饮料或制醋用的）苹果汁;英苹果酒 此案中，我方应负责赔偿。作为出口公司，理应知道所售货物的英文名称。如来证货名与实际不符，一则要求对方改证，二则自己更改货物上的英文名称。如只考虑单证相符而置货物上的名称不顾，势必给对方办理进口报关造成严重后果。 Quality of Commodity 1 Im

5、portance and Requirement 2 MethodsThe Importance of Quality of GoodsThe quality of commodity is the combination of the intrinsic quality and outside form or shape of the commodity, the former includes physical functions, mechanical performance, chemical composition and biological features of the goo

6、ds, and the latter includes modeling, structure, color, luster and transparency of the goods, etc. Methods of Expressing Quality of Commodity 1. Sale by Actual Quality 2. Sale by Sample 3. Sale by DescriptionQuantity of Commodity 1 Importance of Quantity clause 2 Units of Measurement 3 Calculation o

7、f Weight 4 Quantity Clause Importance of Quantity Clause United Nation Convention United Nation Convention on Contracts for Sale of Goodson Contracts for Sale of Goods Article 35,(1) : “The Seller must delivered goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract. ” 第第3

8、535条第条第1 1款：款：“卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数 量、质量和规格相符，并须按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包量、质量和规格相符，并须按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包 箱箱”。 Systems of Measurement in International Trade the Metric System the British System the U.S. System More or Less Clause 溢短装条款溢短装条款For example, “10 000 metric tons, 5% more or less at sellers op

9、tion”. “Plus or minus” or the sign “+” may also be used to take the place of “more or less”. Under the “more or less” clause, the payment for the over-load or under-load will be made according to the contract price or at the market price at the time of shipment.Case：某厂外销布匹4万米，合同上订明：红、白、黄、绿四种颜色各1万米，并

10、附有允许卖方溢短装10的条件。该厂实际交货数量为红色10400米，白色8000米，黄色9100米，绿色9000米，共计36500米。白布虽超过10的溢短装限度，但就四种颜色布的总量来说，仍未超过条件。在此情况下，是只有白布部分违约还是全部违约？Analysis: 本案中，因为该交易的买卖合同下系属一单交易，因此，虽然总量仍符合溢短装溢短装条款，但由于白布短装超过10的规定限度，应视为违反原定买卖合同。进口商有权向出口方索赔，甚至有权取消合同。 在国际贸易实务中，若一销售合同中包括若干有关联的商品，则对于合同中订有的溢短装条款的通常理解是，该若干商品在多装或少装上应方向一致，比例相同。此种规定是

11、为了保护进口方的利益，一方面使其避免因有关商品的溢短装不一致而蒙受无法完全配套生产和销售的损失，另一方面防止的市价变动时，卖方利用多装减价商品、少装涨价商品而从中渔利。Packing of Commodity Function of Packing Types of packing Packing ClauseTypes of Packing1、Transport Packing (or Outer Packing)2、Sales Packing (or Inner Packing)3 、Neutral PackingCase:香港某公司从法国某化工公司进口一批液体化工原料，到货时小部分货物因

12、包装不善有轻微渗漏。香港公司发现后未采取任何措施，结果渗漏日益加重，最后导致火灾。事后，香港公司以火灾是由包装不善引起为由，向法国公司索取全部损失的赔偿，但遭法国公司拒绝。为什么？Analysis: 本案事故是由法国公司包装不善引起的，但香港公司收到货物时已经发现渗漏，理应采取适当措施防止损失扩大。 公约第86条第1款规定：“如果买方已收到货物，但打算行使本合同或本公约规定的任何权利，把货物退回，他必须按情况采取合理措施，以保全货物。”因此，法国公司仅应对到货时少数渗漏负责，而香港公司未采取合理措施，保全货物，造成损失扩大，应负主要责任。法国公司拒绝香港公司的全部赔偿要求是合理的。Inspec

13、tion 1.Where and When Inspection Undergoes Shipping Quality/Weight (Quantity) as Final Landing Quality/Weight (Quantity) as Final Inspection and Reinspection Shipping Weight and Landing Quality as FinalInspection 2. Inspection Organizations Governmental Organs eg.中国进出口商品检验总公司（中国进出口商品检验总公司（China Impo

14、rt and Export Commodity Inspection Corporation, CCIC.） 美国食品药物管理局（美国食品药物管理局（Food and Drugs Administration, FDA） Semigovernmental Organs eg. 美国担保人实验室（美国担保人实验室（Underwriters Laboratory,UL） Private Organizations eg.瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司（瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司（SGS）；）；英国劳埃氏公证行英国劳埃氏公证行（Lloyds Surveyor）Inspection 3. Inspection Certificate Inspection Certificate of Quality Inspection Certificate of Quantity Inspection Certificate of Weight Inspection Certificate of Origin Inspection Certificate of Value Sanitary Inspection Certificat