独立主格ppt课件

1、1高三人教新课标版选修十高三人教新课标版选修十2 Discovering useful words and expressions1 Complete this passage using these words in the correct form.generous twist contradiction stand out obstacle hopelessambiguous evident literary growth3There seems to be a strong _ in the life of Charlotte Bronte. She was extremely sho

2、rt, plain and shy yet she wrote about heroines who overcame many _ in their search for love and personal happiness. Her life also had so many restrictions that some people contradictionobstacles4thought it would be _ for her to find a husband who would _ as being worthy of her. But after her brother

3、 and sisters died she found happiness. Her father, however, opposed the marriage and refused to go to the wedding. He was very proud that her books were considered masterpieces in the _ world. hopeless stand outliterary5So he felt that it was _ she could not be happy with a husband who was poor and

4、unimportant. This attitude upset Charlotte who longed for a more _ response from her father. But Mr Bronte was a reserved man who found it difficult to express his _ feelings about her marriage. evidentgenerousambiguous 6Later, he feared that she would die and it was only the _ in her happiness and

5、his comfort that helped him to accept the match. In fact Charlotte was very happy with her husband, but sadly she became sick and died shortly after it was confirmed that she was pregnant. In a _ of fate, her husband and her father were left alone to care for each other. growthtwist72 Replace the un

6、derlined parts with words or phrases from the text that are similar in meaning. You may have to change the sentence sometimes.Women in the 19th century wanted the same opportunities as men to choose their careers. equality of opportunity8If they wanted to succeed, women authors had to publish their

7、novels using mens names. 3. I had no family, friend or relative to help me gain a better position. 4. In the 19th century everybody agreed that women should not work. under mens namessponsorsthere was a consensus9 5. Elizabeths unreasonable dislike of Mr Darcy changed as she got to know him better.

8、6. Most people are upset if they see someone mistreating a child. 7. I dont know how to persuade my father to let me go to the pop concert. prejudice againstabusingget around10I could never lie to her because I know she would recognize the deception straight away. It is now against the law to treat

9、people unfairly because of their race or sex.10 The best footballers in England are members of the top football league. see throughdiscriminate against peoplepremier11独立主格结构独立主格结构Grammar12I. 独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构的基本概念理解独立主格要从非谓语动词开始理解独立主格要从非谓语动词开始由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式一个分词、形

10、容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成，这种结或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成，这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常被称构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常被称为独立主格结构。为独立主格结构。13独立主格结构主要起状语作用独立主格结构主要起状语作用, ,相当于相当于一个状语从句一个状语从句, ,多用来表示行为、方式、多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况伴随等情况, ,有时也可用来表示时间、有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。原因、条件等情况。 141. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子 主语不同主语不同, 它独立存在。它独立存在。2. 名词和代词与后面的分词名词和代词与后

11、面的分词, 形容词形容词, 副词副词, 不定式不定式, 介词等是主谓关系。介词等是主谓关系。3. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。4. 使用独立主格结构是因为出现了与使用独立主格结构是因为出现了与 句子主语不一致的地方。句子主语不一致的地方。. 独立主格的特点：独立主格的特点：155. 过去分词表示被动过去分词表示被动, 逻辑主语承受动逻辑主语承受动作作; 分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。词所表示的动作之前发生。16He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

12、 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.17. . 独立主格的构成独立主格的构成n./pron.+ V-ing/ V-edto do n. adj./ adv.prep. phrase独立主格结构的构成方式独立主格结构的构成方式: :名词普通名词普通格式或代词主格格式或代词主格+ +现在分词现在分词/ /过去分词过去分词/ /不定式不定式/ /名词名词/ /形容词形容词/ /副词副词/ /介词短语等介词短语等181. The man lay there, his hands trembling.2. The girls l

13、ay on her back, her hands crossed under her head.3. The teacher came in, a book in his hand.(book in hand )4. The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.5. The meeting over, we all went home.副词副词形容词形容词(短语短语)在独立结构中说明在独立结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质前面名词或代词的性质, 状态等。状态等。196. He suggested going for a picnic, Ma

14、ry to provide the food.7. 有时独立主格结构中名词前的定语有时独立主格结构中名词前的定语可以省略。可以省略。The boy sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed/(a) book in (his) hand. 201) After her homework was done, Mary decided to go shopping. Her homework done , Mary decided to go shopping. 2).Because there were no buses, we had to wal

15、k home. There being no buses, we had to walk home. . 独立主格的作用：独立主格的作用：213) If weather permits, well go to play basketball.Weather permitting, well go to play basketball.4)He sat at the table, and his head was down.He sat at the table, head down.22234. with 的复合结构作独立主格的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时表伴随时, 既可用分词的独立结构既可用分

16、词的独立结构, 也可用也可用with的复合结构。的复合结构。 其结构为其结构为: with +名词名词 / 代词代词+ 现在分词现在分词 / 过去分词过去分词 / 不定式不定式 + 形容词形容词 / 副词副词 + 介词短语介词短语He stood there, his hand raised.=He stood there, with his hand raised. 他站在那里他站在那里, 举着手。举着手。24with复合结构的构成复合结构的构成1. with +宾语宾语 +名词名词He died with his daughter yet a school girl.他死的时候他死的时候,

17、 他的女儿还是个学生。他的女儿还是个学生。2. with +宾语宾语+形容词形容词He used to sleep with all the windows open. 他过去常常开着窗子睡觉。他过去常常开着窗子睡觉。She lay in bed with her face pale.她躺在床上她躺在床上, 脸色苍白。脸色苍白。253. with + 宾语宾语 + 副词副词The girl fell asleep with the light on.那位女孩睡着了那位女孩睡着了, 灯还亮着。灯还亮着。Her mother sat in an armchair with her head dow

18、n. 她母亲坐在椅子上她母亲坐在椅子上, 头低着。头低着。4. with +宾语宾语 +不定式不定式I cant go out with these clothes to wash.因为这些衣服要洗因为这些衣服要洗, 我不能出去。我不能出去。I had to go to bed with nothing to do.我没有事可做我没有事可做, 只好睡觉。只好睡觉。265. with+宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语He sat near the fire with his back to the door.他坐在炉子旁他坐在炉子旁, 背朝着房门。背朝着房门。The teacher came in w

19、ith a book in his hand.老师进来了老师进来了, 手里拿着本书。手里拿着本书。6. with+宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词With the machine helping us, we could finish the work on time.277. with+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词With everything done, she went home.做完一切事情以后做完一切事情以后, 她回家了。她回家了。He lay on his back, with his teeth set and his eyes closed.他仰卧着他仰卧着, 咬着牙、闭着眼。咬着牙、

20、闭着眼。由于有机器的帮助由于有机器的帮助,我们能按时完成任务。我们能按时完成任务。28with复合结构作定语复合结构作定语She saw a brook _both sides. 她看到一条两岸长着红花、绿草的小溪。她看到一条两岸长着红花、绿草的小溪。The woman _is Toms aunt.抱着小孩的那位妇女是汤姆的姑姑。抱着小孩的那位妇女是汤姆的姑姑。with a baby in her armswith red flowers and green grass on29The city lies in a valley _这这个城市位于一个由高山环抱的山谷中。个城市位于一个由高山环抱

21、的山谷中。Any man with eyes in his head can see that hes exactly like a rope.任何头上长了眼睛的人都会看出他十足像一条绳子。任何头上长了眼睛的人都会看出他十足像一条绳子。with high mountains around it. 30with复合结构作状语复合结构作状语 表示伴随状况表示伴随状况She left the office_.她眼里含着泪她眼里含着泪, 离开了办公室。离开了办公室。He was covered with a national flag _.一面国旗盖在他身上一面国旗盖在他身上, 脸露在外面。脸露在外面

22、。with tears in her eyeswith his face exposed312. 表示原因表示原因_, he couldnt get into the office.由于钥匙丢了由于钥匙丢了, 他进不了办公室。他进不了办公室。With the weather changed, we decided to put off the sports meet. 由于天气变化由于天气变化, 我们决定推迟举行我们决定推迟举行运动会。运动会。With his key lost323. 表示时间表示时间The children began to watch TV _.孩子们完成作业以后开始看电

23、视。孩子们完成作业以后开始看电视。The meeting was over _问题解决以后问题解决以后, 会议结束了。会议结束了。with the homework donewith the problem settled.334. 表示条件表示条件Id like to see the new film with time permitting.如果时间许可如果时间许可, 我想看那部新电影。我想看那部新电影。We will have an outing tomorrow with weather fine.如果明天天气好的话如果明天天气好的话, 我们要去郊游。我们要去郊游。345. 表示结果表

24、示结果The battle ended with the enemy defeated.战斗结束了战斗结束了, 敌人被打败了。敌人被打败了。They have finished the peace talks with the agreements reached.他们结束了和谈他们结束了和谈, 达成了协议。达成了协议。35典型例题典型例题 The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。 being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案答案D. with +名词名词(代

25、词代词)+分词分词+介词介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时, 其其主语常常用主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中来引导。由于本句中名词名词“手手”与分词与分词“绑绑”是被动关系是被动关系, 因此因此用过去分词用过去分词, 选选D. 363738注注意意: 独立主格结构使用介词的问题独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是当介词是in时时, 其前后的两个名词均不其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词如物主代词或冠词), 也不用也不用复数。但复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。的复合结构不受此限制。 A robber burst into th

26、e room, knife in hand. (hand前不能加前不能加his)。392) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时, 不及物动词用现在分词不及物动词用现在分词, 及物动词用及物动词用过去分词。过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 40据此判断据此判断, 本句中使用的是独立结构本句中使用的是独立结构, 其结构为其结构为: 名词名词+分词。分词。 由于由于permit在这里翻译为在这里翻译为天气允许天气允许，表主动表主动, 应用现在分词

27、应用现在分词, 故选故选B。 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句不妨将句子改为条件句, 例如本句改例如本句改为为If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后将然后将if 去掉去掉, 再将谓语动词再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。改为非谓语动词即可。 41典型例题典型例题: Weather _ , well go out for a walk. A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. for permitting 答案答案B. 本题中没有连词本题中没有连词

28、, 它不是复合它不是复合句句, 也不是并列句。也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，句中使用了逗号，且且we 小写小写, 可知其不是两个简单句。可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。的复合结构。421. Ford tried dividing the labor, each worker _ a separate task A. assigning B. assigned C. was assigned D. would be assigned 2. The lecture _, he left his seat so quietly th

29、at no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker. A. began B. beginning C. having begun D. being beginning 练一练练一练B C 433. Darkness _ in, the young people lingered on merrymaking (欢乐欢乐). A. set B. setting C. has set D. was set 4. With all factors _, we think this program may excel all the

30、others in achieving the goal A. being considered B. considering C. considered D. are consideredB C 445. Such _ the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints. A. being B. is C. was D. to be6. A new technique _, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent A. to have been worked out B. ha

31、ving worked out C. working out D. having been worked out A D 457. There are various kinds of metals, each _ its own propertiesA. has B. had C. to have D. having 8. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each _ one major point in contrast with the other. A. makes B. made

32、C. is to make D. making D D For more exercises, click here.4647Discovering useful structures 1 Find two sentences from the reading passage which have the same meaning as the following ones and identify the nominative absolute construction. 48The three Bronte sisters adopted mens names, while Mary An

33、n Evans novels appeared under the name of George Eliot. The three Bronte sisters adopting this practice, Mary Ann Evans did the same and wrote under the name of George Eliot. 492. Although the 19th century is often regarded as one of great women writers, there were also some excellent male authors.

34、With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers, there were also some excellent male authors. 502 Read the following pairs of sentences. Have you noticed anything different about Sentence B? A: If the weather permits, we will set off for the warehouse for some bargains.B: Weather

35、permitting, we will set off for the warehouse for some bargains. 51A: As the old hat was stained with dust, I bought a new one. B: The old one being stained with dust, I bought a new hat. A: The wealthy merchant went into the house and two body guards followed him.B: The wealthy merchant went into t

36、he house with two bodyguards following him.52A: Since the burglars were caught by the police, all the villagers went back home to sleep.B: The burglars having been caught by the police, all the villagers went back home to sleep. All the B sentences contain the nominative absolute construction that i

37、s explained by the A sentences.533 Try to combine the two clauses whose subjects are different (like in Sentence A in Exercise 2) into one sentence (like Sentence B), using the nominative absolute construction. Then make two pairs of sentences of your own and check with your partner. 541. Once the dark clouds disappeared, the sun shone again. 2. As the chairman is ill, we had better put the meeting off. The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again. The chairman being ill, we had better put the meeting off. 55The water had risen so high in the night. It was impossibl