高中生物 第7章 第2节 现代生物进化理论的主要内容课件 新人教版必修2 (53)

1、必修必修 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes 重点单词重点单词1. _ ,_ n. 地震2. n. 裂缝；劈啪声 vt.&vi.(使)开裂3._ vi. 爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发4. _n. 事件；大事5. _n. 民族；国家 _adj. 民族的 _ n. 国籍6. _n. 废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产7. _adj. 极度的 _adv. 极其；非常8. _ vt. 损害；伤害 _ n. 损害；伤害9. _vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭_n. 破坏;毁灭;消灭10._n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹11._adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的earthquake quakecrackburste

2、ventnationnationalnationalityruinextremeextremelyinjureinjurydestroydestructiontrack useless学生用书见P17重点单词重点单词12. n.& vt.& vi. （使）震惊；震动 adj. 震惊的 adj. 令人震惊的13. n.& vt. 援救；营救 n. 救援者14. vt. 使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境.15. n. 电；电流；电学 adj. 用电的 adj. 与电有关的；电气科学的16. n. 灾难；灾祸 adj. 毁灭性的；灾难的17. vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏18. n. 矿

3、；矿山；矿井 n. 矿工19. n . 掩蔽；掩蔽处vt.掩蔽，遮蔽;庇护20. n.& vt. 损失；损害shockshockedshockingrescuerescuertrapelectricityelectricelectricaldisasterdisastrousburymineminershelterdamage. 重点单词重点单词21. vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的 adj. 令人恐惧的22. n. 祝贺；（复数）贺词 vt. 祝贺23. n. 裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决24. adv. 真诚地；真挚地25. vt. 表示；表达n.快车；速递

4、 n. 表达；表示；表情26. n. 要点；大纲；轮廓27. n. 报刊的大字标题frighten frightenedfrighteningcongratulationcongratulatejudgesincerelyexpressexpressionoutlineheadline 重点短语重点短语1._ 立刻；马上2._ 仿佛；好像3._ 结束；终结4._ 严重受损；破败不堪5._ 掘出；发现6._ 许多；大量的7._ 根据/由判断right away as ifat an endin ruinsdig outa (great) number ofjudge by/from 重点句型重点

5、句型1.部分否定的用法All hope was not lost. （教材P26）2.everywhere引导状语从句Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.（教材P26）3.“all of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句Your speech was heard by five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.（教材P30）4.“be doing sth.when.”，意为“当的时候正在做某事”The man was sleepi

6、ng downstairs when the earthquake broke out.（教材P31） 语法要点语法要点定语从句（）（that, which, who和whose引导）1.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty kilometers wide cut across houses, roads and canals.（教材P26）2.Later that afternoon, another big quake which was as strong as the first shook Tangshan.（教

7、材P26）3.The number of the people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.（教材P26）4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. （教材P26）burst vi.& vt.爆裂，爆发 n.C突然破裂，（情绪的）爆发In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.（教材P26）在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。1

8、学生用书见P18（1）burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入 burst out crying/laughing burst into tears/laugher burst into song 大声唱起来 burst into flames 突然起火（4）burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支（2） （3） 突然哭起来/笑起来 The police burst in and arrested the gang.警察突然闯进去逮捕了那帮人。 When she heard that her father had died in the acci

9、dent, she burst out crying.当她听说她父亲在那次事故中丧生时便大哭起来。 The tour guide burst into song. Several passengers also joined in.导游唱了起来，几位乘客也跟着唱了起来。 He burst with anger when he found out the truth.当他发现真相后勃然大怒。 Reading The Emperors New Clothes, I had to let out a burst of laughter over his foolishness.读了皇帝的新装，我不禁

10、为他的愚蠢而捧腹大笑。ruin n.U毁灭，毁坏；pl. 废墟；遗迹 vt.毁坏；使破产In terrible fifteen seconds a large city lay in ruins. （教材P26）在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市沦为了废墟。2 be/lie in ruins 成为废墟 bring.to ruin=layin ruins使毁灭；使没；使破产 come/fall/go+to/into ruin 灭亡；荒废 ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉(1) (2) The invader laid towns a

11、nd villages in ruins.入侵者把村镇变为废墟。 A large number of churches fell into ruin after the war. 战争过后，许多教堂都被毁了。 Bad weather ruined our holidays.坏天气把我们的假日全给搅了。injure vt.使受伤；损害或伤害（名誉、自尊等）Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.（教材P26）在地震中有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。3（1）injure ones pride/feelings/reput

12、ation 伤害某人的自尊心/感情/名声 injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的 the injured 伤者（作主语时，常表示复数概念） be badly/seriously/injured 严重受伤 an injured look/expression 委屈的样子/表情 injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do an injury to sb. 伤害某人（2） （3） One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off. 一个队员膝盖受伤被抬至场外。 This could seriously injure the

13、companys reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。 Her boyfriend was badly injured in an accident and he may become a vegetable.她男朋友在事故中严重受伤了，可能会变成植物人。 injure指由于意外或事故而受伤，精神上的伤害多用hurt。 hurt受伤，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。 wound指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争中、战斗中受伤。bury vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped an

14、d to bury the dead.（教材P26）军队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。4 bury.under （beneath）/in. 把埋在底下/里 bury.alive 将活埋(2) be buried in bury oneself in be absorbed in(3)bury ones face/head in ones hands双手掩面/头(1)埋头于;专心于 The paper was buried under a pile of books. 那份文件被埋在书堆下。 Since she left, hes buried himself in his wor

15、k.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。 Buried/Absorbed in his study， he didnt know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。 She buried her face in her hands and cried. 她双手蒙着脸哭起来。judge vt断定；判断；判决 n.裁判员；法官；评判员Your speech was heard by a group of five judges， all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. （教

16、材P30）评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。5 judge sb./sth.from/by. 从来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断,我认为(2) judging by/from从 上看,根据 judgement n. 判断，审判，意见,判断力 in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法(3)(1) I cant judge whether he is right or wrong.我不能断定他是对还是错。 Judging from his expressi

17、on， he was satisfied with my work.从他的表情判断，他对我的工作很满意。 In my judgement， it is necessary to pay him a visit.在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。at an end 结束；终结It seemed as if the world was at an end! (教材P26)似乎世界末日来临了！1学生用书见P19 bring.to an end 使终止 come to an end 结束 put an end to 使终止(2)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出 at the

18、 end of 在尽头;在末端 by the end of 到结束时;到时候为止 (常与完成时态连用) in the end 最后;终于(1) (3) My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。Rupert and Wendi Murdoch had reached a divorce settlement, which effectively announced their marriage came to an end.默多克和邓文迪已经签署离婚协议，该协议正式宣告他们婚姻的终

19、结。Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.她的忽然到来使他们的会议终止了。 。 His efforts were well paid in the end.他的努力终于得到了很好的结果。dig out 挖出，翻找出；发现The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(教材P26)解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。2dig in贪婪地吃,狼吞虎咽地吃；把埋入土中dig over 翻挖（土地）；刨地；重新考虑dig

20、 up 挖掘（泥土等）；从地里挖出（某物）；透露某事 More than ten people were dug out of the coal mine.十多个埋在煤矿里的人被挖了出来。 I managed to dig the truth out of him. 我设法从他那里查出了真相。 Here is your breakfast , so dig in . 这是你的早餐，开始吃吧！ 1“all of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句Your speech was heard by five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best

21、 one this year. （教材P30）评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。学生用书见P19本句是一个含有由all of whom引导的非限制性定语从句的复合句，用来补充说明five judges的信息。all of whom的结构是“all of+关系代词”，意义上相当于and all of them。除代词all之外，还有neither, none, both, either, every one, each等代词后可接“of+关系代词 (whom/which)”，用来引导非限制性定语从句。拓展延伸拓展延伸 There are two textbooks on

22、 the desk, neither of which is mine.= There are two textbooks on the desk, and neither of them is mine.桌子上有两本课本，但没有一本是我的。2“be doing sth.when.”，意为“当的时候正在做某事”The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake broke out. （教材P31）那个人正在楼下睡觉，突然发生了地震。句中when为连词，引导时间状语从句，意义上相当于at that time，意为“就在这时（那时）”，往往具有突

23、然性。 I was going out when I heard a knock at the door. 我正要出门这时听到了敲门声。 I was having supper when it suddenly rained. 我正在吃饭这时突然下起雨来。when用作此意义的连词时常见句型有：(1)be doing sth.when 正在做某事这时候(2)be about to do sth.when 正准备做某事，突然(3)be on the point of doing sth.when 正要做某事时，这时(4)had done sth.when 刚做完某事，突然拓展延伸拓展延伸.品句填词

24、品句填词（用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词）1.After the results was announced, she rushed out of the room, _（burst） into tears. 【答案】 1.bursting 2.We were _(shock) when we heard they would get killed in the accident.【答案】 2.shocked 3.There is worldwide concern about the (destroy) of the rainforests. 【答案】 3.destruction

25、4.It is (use) to argue with him, because he is too stubborn.【答案】 4.useless5.There were dozens of people (injure) in the fire, and they were sent to hospital immediately.【答案】 5.injured学生用书见P206. As an old saying goes, failure is never quite so (frighten) as regret do.【答案】 6.frightening 7.A number of

26、bombs have exploded in the downtown, seriously (injure) at least five people.【答案】 7.injuring8.Winning the scholarship was a great in my university life.【答案】 8.event9.The whole world (shock) when they learned that the quake had brought so much damage.【答案】 9.was shocked10.The city was completely (dest

27、roy) by the earthquake.【答案】10.destroyed.单句改错单句改错（含词汇和本单元的语法）1.At the end of the war, much of Europe and Asia were in ruin, and America stood alone as the worlds economic superpower. 【答案】【答案】ruinruins2.You might not expect such a frightened dream to be associated with something joyful.【答案】【答案】frighte

28、nedfrightening3.Maria looked at the picture, and then to my surprise she burst out shouts of laughter. 【答案】【答案】outinto4.If global temperatures do go up by 4, many scientists fear that the impact on Russia would be disastrously. 【答案】【答案】disastrouslydisastrous5.The brother expressed in concern for eve

29、ryone in the family but said nothing about what he himself was feeling.【答案】【答案】去掉expressed后的介词in6.We all long for sincerely and eternal friendship in which it can profoundly influence our lives.【答案】【答案】sincerelysincere7.An appeal is being made for help for those whom lost their homes in the earthqua

30、ke.【答案】【答案】whomwho8.We entered the room, from its window we could see the tower clearly.【答案】【答案】itswhose或在from前加and9.A tall, brawny woodsman stood leaning against a tree stood upon the bank of the river.【答案】【答案】在tree后加which/that或stoodstanding10.Tom saw an advertisement for a beautiful modern bicycle which it cost $50