高中生物 第7章 第2节 现代生物进化理论的主要内容课件 新人教版必修2 (50)

1、选修选修7 Unit 3 Under the sea 重点单词重点单词1._n.轶事；奇闻2. _adj.每年的；按年度计算的n.年刊；年鉴_adv.年度地；每年地3. _n.目击者；证人；证据vt.当场见到；目击4. _n.住所；住宿_v.能容纳；能供留宿5. _ _ prep.在对面 adj.相对的，相反的6. _vi.大叫；呼喊n.叫声；喊声7. _vi.& n. 暂停；中止8. _ n.协作，配合9. _vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离10. _ vt. 拖；拉；扯11. _n.深（度）；深处anecdoteannualannuallywitnessaccommodationacco

2、mmodateoppositeyellpauseteamwork fleedragdepth学生用书见P170 重点单词重点单词12. _vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策13. _ vt.抛弃；遗弃；放弃14. _ n.关系；交往15. _ n.保存，保护16. _ n.目标；靶；受批评的对象17. _ n.潮（汐）；潮水；潮流18. _ vt.思考；映射；反射vi.思考 _ n.反射；回响 _ adj.反射的；反省的19. _ adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的20. _ adj.意识到的；知道的 _ n.觉察；自觉；觉悟21. _ adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的22. _ adj.好的；整齐的；匀

3、称的23. _ adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的 _ adv.仅仅；勉强地urgeabandonrelationshipconservationtargettidereflectreflectionreflectivepureawareawarenessvividneatnarrownarrowly 重点单词重点单词24._adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的25. _vt.恐吓vi.受惊吓_adj.恐惧的26. _ adj.浅的；肤浅的；浅显的27. _ adj.陡峭的28. _ n.界限；分界线29. _ 南极洲30. _ adj.使人敬畏的；令人敬畏的31. _n.养老金；退休金sharpsca

4、rescaredshallowsteepboundarythe Antarcticawesomepension 重点短语重点短语1._帮助摆脱困境或危难2. _对知道、明白；意识到3. _adj.& adv.上下翻转过来的（地）；颠倒的（地）；乱七八糟的（地）4. _吓死了5. _分类6. _大声喊出7. _靠近 help (.) out be/become aware of upside down (be) scared to death sort out yell outdraw closer 重点短语重点短语8._让离开9. _ 美美地享用10. _从被冲走11. _回忆当天的事

5、情12. _直直地盯着某人let.gohave a good feed on.be washed offreflect on the daylook straight at sb.1.It was a time when.曾经一度（那时）It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. (教材P19)2.“with宾语宾语补足语”结构

6、Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the daya day of pure magic！(教材P24) 重点句型重点句型3.“from behind”等双重介词结构Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half meters long, which suddenly appeared from behind some coral. (教材P24) 重点句型重点句型复习-ing 形式的被动式B

7、eing badly wounded, the whale soon died. (教材P19)语法要点语法要点witness vt.当场见到；目击vi.作证 n.目击者；证人；证据I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times. （教材P20）当时我认为这只是个故事，但之后我亲眼目睹了好多次。1学生用书见P171 witness against 对作不利的证明 witness for 对作有利的证明 witness to sth./doin

8、g sth.为作证 be a witness to. 是的目击者 bear/give witness to sth.作证；证明某事(1) (2) His tears witnessed the shame he felt. 他的眼泪说明他感到羞愧。 She will witness against him and he will surely be sentenced for various crimes.她会证明他有罪, 他就会以各种罪名被判刑。 She brought several persons of good credit to witness to her reputation.她

9、请出几位很有声誉的人物为她的名誉作证。 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.他作证说看到那个男人进入房间。 His clothes are a witness to his poverty.他的穿着可以证明他穷。 urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！” urged George， shouting loudly. （教材P20）乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”2 urge sth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进 urge sb.to do

10、 sth.催促某人做某事 urge o doing sth.催促某人做某事 urge that.极力主张，强调 从句谓语形式为(should)+动词原形 It is urged that.坚决要求 从句谓语形式为(should)+动词原形(1) (2) When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. 当我的老朋友布赖恩怂恿我抽支烟时,我实在熬不住了。 We should constantly urge ourselves on to study hard.

11、我们要经常鞭策自己努力学习。 They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.他们极力主张在放假期间图书馆应当照常开放。abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃n.放纵；尽情From Jamess face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. (教材P21)从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出，他害怕被我们抛弃了。3 abandon ones hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意 abandon oneself to.沉湎于，纵情于 abandon d

12、oing sth.放弃做某事(2) with abandon放纵地；放任地(3) abandoned adj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的(1) She abandoned law for the fine arts.她放弃法律而改学美术。 After her mother died, she abandoned herself to grief.母亲死后,她沉浸于悲痛之中。 The fans cheered with abandon when their football team won. 当他们的足球队踢赢时,球迷们便疯狂地欢呼。reflect vi.& vt.思考；映射；反射Im

13、sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the daya day of pure magic! (教材P24)我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情这是神奇的一天！4 reflect sb./sth.in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像 reflect sth.from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等) reflect on/upon sth.思考某事 reflection n.反射；反照；反映;映像 be lost in reflection陷入

14、深思中(2) (1) White clouds reflected in the lake.湖里映射出朵朵白云。 She angled the mirror so as to reflect light from a window.她为了反射窗外的光线而把镜子摆成某一角度。 I have been reflecting on all he said to me.我仔细考虑他对我所说的一切。scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓I told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me from feeling scared to deat

15、h for a moment! (教材P24)我自言自语地说它们并不危险，但是我这样说一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的恐惧心理。5 sb./sth. away (off) 把吓跑 sb.to death 吓死某人 sb. into/out of (doing) sth. 恐吓某人做（不做）某事 (2)scaring adj令人害怕的；吓人的 scared adj 受惊吓的；感到害怕的 of. 害怕 to do sth.不敢做 to death吓死了;吓得要死(1)scare (3) be scared The birds were scared away by the sudden barking

16、 of a dog.鸟被突然的狗叫声吓跑了。 Some horror films many scare you to death.有些恐怖电影能把人吓个半死。 They scared her out of calling the police.他们吓得她不敢报警。 Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well.有些父母试图用吓唬的方法使孩子们守规矩。help（.）out 帮助解决困难；帮助度过难关What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers ou

17、t? (教材P21)有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱困境？1学生用书见P172 sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 oneself to请随便自己动手(夹菜吃；用等) cant help doing sth.禁不住 cant help but do sth.只得；不得不(3) with the help of在的帮助下,借助(1) help (2) I will help out on my fathers farm this summer.今年夏天我要到父亲的农场去帮忙。 Can you help me out with the math problem? 你能帮我解出这道数学题吗?

18、 When she saw the strange and funny person, she could not help laughing.见到这个滑稽的怪人,她不禁笑了。 When a close friend dies, we cant help but feel sad.当一位亲密的朋友去世时,我们无法抑制悲痛的心情。bebecome aware of 对知道、明白；意识到The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding mepurples，reds，oranges，yellows，blue

19、s and greens. （教材P24）我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩紫色、红色、橘黄、黄色、蓝色和绿色等。2 aware adj.意识到的；知道的 be aware of/that-clause 知道；意识到 make sbaware that. 提醒某人注意 make sbaware of. 让某人注意到 as far as Im aware 据我所知 (2) raise awareness of 提高的意识(1) We must be aware of the whole circumstances.我们一定要了解全部情况。 I was not aware that she ha

20、d already told to you.我不知道她已经跟你说了。 The campaign aims to raise awareness of the dangers of passive smoking.这项运动的目的是要提高对被动吸烟危害的认识。“with宾语宾语补足语”结构Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the daya day of pure magic！(教材P24)我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情这是神奇的一天！1学生用书见P1

21、73with a cold drink in my hand 是一个“with宾语宾语补足语”的结构，其基本句式为“with宾语介词短语/形容词/副词/非谓语动词”。此结构在句中作状语，表时间、原因、方式、伴随等，也可以作定语。(1) with+宾语+不定式，动词不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，尽管宾补与宾语之间是被动关系，不定式仍用主动式而不用被动式。动词不定式常表示未发生的动作。 The person with the most to lose is the director. 损失最大的是董事。 With all this work to do, I wont have time to g

22、o out. 有这么多工作要做，我就没有时间出去了。(2) with+宾语+现在分词，with之后的宾语与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示主动的或正在进行的动作。 He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，但灯还亮着。 The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 天气晴朗，清风阵阵。温馨提示：正如进行时态有时可以表示将来意义一样，有时“现在分词”也可表示将来意义。例：With winter coming on, its time to buy warm

23、clothes. 冬天就要到了，该买暖和衣裳了。(3) with+宾语+过去分词，with之后的宾语与过去分词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词表示被动的或已经完成的动作。 She sat with her head bent.她低着头坐在那里。 I dare you to run across the road with your eyes shut. 我谅你不敢闭着眼睛跑过马路。（4） with名词介词短语 The teacher entered the classroom with a thick dictionary in his hand/under his arm.老师进了教室，手

24、里拿着一本厚词典/胳膊底下夹着一本厚词典。（5） with名词形容词/副词 I like sleeping with all the windows open.我喜欢开着窗子睡觉。 With her mother away， the little girl left lonely.由于妈妈离开了，小女孩感到孤独。2“from behind”等双重介词结构等双重介词结构Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, which suddenly appeared from behind so

25、me coral.（教材P24)然后还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，它们突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。句中“each about one and a half metres long”实际上是独立主格结构，在此处作状语。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰reef sharks。“from behind”是双重介词。双重介词结构是由两个介词搭配而成，以“from+另一个介词短语” 居多，常见的有：from above.从上方from among.从当中from across.从对面 from before.从以前from behind.从后面from beneath.从下面from

26、 between.从当中from beyond.从的那边from inside.从里面from out of.从中出来from under. 从下面 You may choose one from among these books. 你可以从这些书中挑选一本。 I saw him from across the street. 我从街道对面看到了他。 The word has been in use from before World War II. 这个词从第二次世界大战以前就被使用了。 除“from+介词短语”外，英语中还有其他一些“双重介词”结构。 We didnt get home

27、until after midnight. 我们午夜以后才到家。 He seldom goes anywhere except to his office. 除了去办公室外，他很少去别的地方。 The car traveled fifty miles in under an hour. 这辆汽车不到一小时就行驶了50英里。.品句填词品句填词（用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词） 1.It is reported that schools (urge) to increase physical education, an important tool for public health.

28、 【答案】1.have been urged/are urged2.High unemployment has kept consumers wary, which (reflect) in recent months in consumer confidence surveys. 【答案】 2.has been reflected3.The doors to the gardens, like the windows, are also carved in many different shapes to bring more (vivid) and elegance to the surr

29、oundings.【答案】3.vividness4.All of a sudden, I was possessed by a feeling of (abandon). Struck by both grief and anger, I couldnt help crying bitterly.【答案】4.being abandoned（学生用书见P174）5.I (witness) so many things over the past two years, and I can say with such certainty that this is the single most im

30、portant moment of my career. 【答案】 5.have witnessed6.Yelling your kids is a bad habit because it leaves everybody feeling tense and tears down your childrens self-esteem. 【答案】6.at 7.We keep learning about ourselves, and often we are surprised at the (deep) of strength we find inside. 【答案】 7.depth8.Th

31、e roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it (narrow) every few yards by little stalls where goods of every kind are sold.【答案】8.is narrowed9.There are predictions that unemployment will rise (steep) and along with the mining industry, the housing sector will also suffer. 【答案】9.steeply10.He argues tha

32、t Europeans are tired of (suck) into what many see as Americans wars; America is exasperated(恼怒) by a Europe that does not pull its weight.【答案】 10.being sucked.单句改错单句改错（含词汇和本单元的语法） 1.The earthquake struck at the depth of 5 kilometers below the earths surface, which is a key factor in accounting for

33、the damage and number of deaths. 【答案】at the depthat a depth 2.It is vitally important to aware of these choices if you are planning to surviv the severe competition of the modern society. 【答案】在aware前加be或 become 3.Lisa was one of many who had a narrowly escape, managing to hide in a cabin after being

34、 chased by the gunman. 【答案】narrowlynarrow 4.Though I had worked in the publishing industry my whole career, I was scared to die at the thought of actually trying to write an entire book. 【答案】diedeath 5.Academics and media have blamed foreign money for the sharply rise in house prices, especially in

35、Shanghai and Beijing. 【答案】sharplysharp6.The United Nations says that at least 25,000 people had fled since the fighting started a week ago. 【答案】hadhave7.Right now motorists are urged to take extra care with the melting snow which is expected to turn to ice later. 【答案】在urged 前加being8.He was an interp

36、reters nightmare because he spoke in long, winding sentences without paused for the interpreter to translate. 【答案】pausedpausing/pauses9.Working without reflecting in what youre doing locks you into repeating your failures. 【答案】inon10.I felt as though I was able to “control” my computer, for the firs