英语教学法第四章Lesson_Planning

1、1. Why is lesson planning important?2. Principles for good lesson planning3. Macro planning vs. micro planning4. Components of a lesson plan5. Sample lesson plansQuestions4.1 Importance of Lesson Planning备课备课 Q: What is lesson plan? Lesson plan is a framework of a lesson in which teachers make advan

2、ce decisions about what they hope to achieve and how they would like to achieve it. What to achieve: aims, objectives How to achieve: materials, activities, techniques, resources, etc. Flexibility of a lesson plan “no teaching learning situation is really static. Social and educational circumstances

3、 change, views of methodology change, and resources available change (McDonough and Shaw, 2003).” Benefits from lesson planning 1.Makes teachers aware of the aims and language contents of the lesson, so as to plan the activities and choose the techniques accordingly;2.Helps teachers distinguish the

4、various stages of a lesson and see the relationship between them so that the activities of different difficulty levels can be arranged properly and the lesson can move smoothly from one stage to another;3.Gives teachers the opportunity to anticipate potential problems so that they can be prepared;4.

5、Gives teachers, esp. novice ones, confidence in class;5.Raises teachers awareness of the teaching aids needed;6.Planning is a good practice and a sign of professionalism. More benefits To enable the teacher to improve class timing; An aid to continuing development (plan-practice -reflection)4.2 Prin

6、ciples for Good Lesson Planning1. Aim: the realistic goals for the lesson; what students are able to do by the end of the lesson;2. Variety: different types of activities; a wide selection of materials;3. Flexibility: preparing some extra and alternative tasks and activities 4.Learnability: the cont

7、ents and tasks planned should be within the learning capability of the studentsDoing things that are beyond or below the students coping ability will diminish their motivation (Schumann, 1999)5.Linkage: the stages and the steps within each stage are linked with one another.4.3 Macro Planning vs. Mic

8、ro Planning Macro planning: planning over a longer period of time 宏观备课 Micro planning: planning for a specific unit or a lesson 微观备课4.3.1 What are involved in macro planning 1. Knowing about the professiono Professional competence2. Knowing about the institutiono Time, length, frequency of lessons,

9、physical conditions of classrooms, exam requirements3. Knowing about the learnerso Age range, sex proportion, social background, motivation, attitudes, interests, learning needs, etc.4.Knowing about the curriculum/syllabusoPrinciples, purposes, requirements, targets specified, methodological suggest

10、ions, assessment requirement, etc.5.Knowing about the textbookoPhilosophy of teaching, organization of learning contents, major topics, ways of assessment, etc.6.Knowing about the objectivesoWhat the learners are expected to achieve and able to do4.3.2 The relationship between Macro Planning and Mic

11、ro Planning Macro Planningoverall,general Micro Planningspecific,concrete4.4 Components of a lesson planWhat does a lesson plan include? Background introduction Teaching aims Language contents and skills Stages and procedures Teaching aids End of lesson summary Optional activities and assignments Af

12、ter lesson reflection 4.4.1 Background information Who are my students? How many students are there in class? What ages? Which grade are they in? What are they like? When and where is my lesson? How long does each lesson last?4.4 Components of a lesson plan1. What does the teaching aims of a lesson

13、include? * What language components to present * What communicative skills to practice * What activities to conduct * What materials to be used * What teaching aids to be used4.4 Components of a lesson planDiscussion: Task 3 Summary : Teaching aims should focus on the learners performance rather tha

14、n the teachers. The teaching aims in a lesson plan should reflect the overall objects described in the new English curriculum a change from purely a linguistic to an emphasis on language skills, knowledge, affects, strategies, and cultural awareness.Practice: Imagine and design a lesson and then wri

15、te a few objects for it .4.4 Components of a lesson plan2. What do language contents and language skills mean ? Language contents means structures , vocabulary, functions, topics, ect.Language skills means listening, speaking reading, and writing, namely 4 communicative skills.3. What is the differe

16、nce between teaching stages and procedures? Teaching stages are the major steps that teachers go through in a lesson.4.4 Components of a lesson planProcedures are the detailed steps in each teaching stages.The most popular teaching stages are three Ps model which include presentation, practice, and

17、production. Work:1. Describe the 3 Ps model in detail. 2. In reality lesson, we apply another 3-stage model, what are they?4.4.7 Teachers after-lesson reflection Why? “Very often, teaching does not follow exactly what we plan and unexpected things happen during the lesson.” Such reflections “can con

18、tribute greatly to teachers professional development”. What? Feelings about the lesson, students performances, unexpected incidents, surprises, things that went well, things went wrong and things to be improved or things to be given more attention in the next lesson4.5 Sample lesson plansTwo importa

19、nt points in designing lesson plans:1. A good lesson plan does not have to be long or extremely detailed.2. A good lesson plan should be simple to follow and effective for fulfilling the teaching aims. There are 3 sample lesson plans in our text book.After worked in groups,we discussed the strehgths

20、 and weaknesses of each plan and say what you like and dislike about each of them. strengthsweaknessesComments on Lesson plan 1aimVery clearvarietyA littlie simplexflexibilityIts nomble to learnA little boringlearnabilityNot difficult enoughlinkage goodstrengthsweaknessesComments on Lesson plan 2aim

21、Very clearvarietyA littlie simplexflexibilityNeed to increase some activitieslearnability Not difficult linkage Just so-sostrengthsweaknessesComments on Lesson plan 3aim clearvarietygoodflexibility Agile to learnlearnabilityA little difficultlinkage natural, active, useful4.6 Conclusion Lesson planning is necessary and beneficial to both experienced and novice teachers. Major principles for good