高考阅读理解解题方法

1、全国卷高考英语题型考点及教学方案阅读理解一、广东卷与全国卷变化全国卷：4+1原则即四篇阅读加一篇七选五，分值40分。和广东卷相比，少了5题，和广东卷一样：主要考察细节题、猜词题、推断题，难度中等。七选五阅读：要求对英语篇章结构要有一定的了解，能根据上下文信息选出段落中缺失的句子，而没改革前，广东卷四篇共20题，每篇平均360字左右，通常为记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文、说明文，考查题型：细节题9-13题，推断题3-5题，猜词题1-2题，主旨大意题1-3题。另外信息匹配，五小题。 改革之后分值相对降低，同时难度降低，细节题偏多。其中新增新题型七选五题型。 二、考点与重难点详细分析一、英语阅读理解题是

2、高考英语试卷中所占分值最高、难度最大的一个题目 ,把握好阅读理解题的命题原则 ,选择好合适的阅读材料 ,就会少走弯路 ,达到事半功倍的效果。养成良好的阅读习惯 ,提高阅读速度 ,对于提高做题效率是非常重要的。了解阅读理解题常考的题型 ,掌握一定的做题技巧 ,熟悉英美国家的语言文化背景 ,采用科学、合理、有效的阅读方法 ,进行广泛阅读 ,这对于正确理解短文是非常必要的。二、阅读理解题型分析： 1.阅读理解体裁上分为：记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文、论述文等 2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容，篇幅长度相对广东卷而言，较短。 章篇题型A（2015）B（2015）C（2015

3、）D（2015）事实细节题3132主旨大意题0000推理判断题0302词义猜测题0010观点态度题0000 章篇分析A（2015）B（2015）C（2015）D（2015）体裁应用文记叙文说明文说明文题材广告类生活体验经历艺术作品介绍社会生活介绍主题介绍讲座和时间内容安排主要讲述不同地方的冬天的体验著名作家艺术展品的介绍法国精神咖啡馆的社会意义和功能特色难度一般中等难中等词数234355229321建议时间6分钟8分钟9分钟8分钟小结：2015年的全国卷，总体难度中等，非常适合中等学生水平的发挥。在体裁的考查上和广东卷差不多，也是主要考察，记叙文，说明文，议论文和 应用文。题材上涵盖了和中学生

4、生活有关的方方面面，比如：广告，记叙，说明。所以建议学生在备考的过程中，不要局限性课本知识的复习，多从课外去涉猎一些知识。1、主旨大意题主旨大意题考查: （1）.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。（2）.理清层次关系，选出最佳标题（3）.抓住关键词，判断作者意图【例1】（2014年全国卷） Twenty five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today, its hard to find a public school, university, or law school t

5、hat does not have such a kind of program.” Until we do that, nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson.28What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? AEducation BPlanning CGreen living DCO reduction 认真分析，我们不难发现根据最后一段，“Until we do that, nothing else

6、will change! ” say Bruce Anderson.”什么都不会改变，直到我们实施了关于环保的教育项目。所以正确答案是C. 由此看出，抓住了关键词，我们同样可以找出文章的主旨大意。2、事实细节题事实细节题解题：（1）.  是非判断题。（2）.  例证题考查的是文章的逻辑结构。（3）.   数字考查通常分为两类：直接考查和计算考查。（4）.   细节考查：考查直接信息和对直接信息的理解。例1 . November 7thThe Canal Pioneers, by Chris Le

7、wis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”. (

8、2015全国卷) 21.When is the talk on James Brindley?A. February 6th.B. March 6th.C. November 7th.D. December 5th. 解析根据文章的第二段第二句 “James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.”可以知道相对应的日期是November 7th故选CDelighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness dee

9、pened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.（2015 全国卷）25. Wha

10、t made the authors getting up late early worthwhile?A. Having a swim.B. Breathing in fresh air.C. Walking in the morning sun.D. Visiting a local farmers market.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to

11、be more than worth the early wake-up call.可知作者早上7点到农产品市场是很有意义的。可知选D。3、推理判断题推理判断题考查：（1）. 运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断（2）. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断（3）. 紧扣主题或话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱例1：Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chanc

12、e of coming back alive. Sam and Joe, however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous. "We're the best men for the job," they said to the boss. "There may be problems, but we can find the answers." "They're the last people I'd trust," thought

13、the boss. "But all the other astronauts have refused to go."Once they were in space, Joe had to go outside to make some repairs. When the repairs were done, he tried to get back inside the spaceship. But the door was locked. He knocked but there was no answer. He knocked again, louder this

14、 time, and again no answer came. Then he hit the door as hard as he could and finally a voice said, "Who's there?" "It's me! Who else could it be?" shouted Joe. Sam let him in all right but you can imagine that Joe never asked to go on a trip with Sam again! (2011全国卷)The

15、writer tells this story to _.A. show the dangerous side of the astronauts' lifeB. show the funny side of the astronauts' lifeC. make people laughD. make people think如果不从科学常识和学科知识的角度考虑，这四个选项都有一定的干扰性。但是有点文化和常识的人都知道，到目前为止有能力把人送入太空进行太空飞行，并且宇航员能离开飞行器进行太空行走的国家只有俄、美两个国家，而他们对宇航员的选拔都是严格的国家行为，不可能出现像文中

16、第1自然段所叙述的那种由某个老板来挑选宇航员的情况；此外，有点物理常识的人都知道，在太空是没有空气的，飞行器的门也是真空的，而声音无法在真空中传播，因此，在太空工作的宇航员是不可能用敲门的方式把他(们)要进入太空飞行器的信息传达给舱内的人，所以，在第2自然段中描述的那种情况是不科学的。显然，作者写这篇文章的目的不过是为了搞笑而已，因此，C选项是正确的。BThe market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North

17、 Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.（2015 全国卷）26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A. They are soft.B. They look nice.

18、C. They taste great.D. They are juicy.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.可知，纽约的西红柿在商店里看起来是很吸引人的。可知选B4、猜词题猜词题考查：（1）.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation)（2）.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)（3）.利用同义/同位语

19、(similarity/appositive)（4）.利用举例(from  examples)（5）.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)（6）.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等（7）.利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)（8）.利用原因与结果关系猜词(from Cause and Result)（9）.利用上下文的语境(context or related information) 例1.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer betw

20、een two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major

21、works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.（2015 全国卷）31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Artworks. B. Pro

22、jects. C. Donations. D. Documents.解析：词义推测题，根据文章的最后一段“The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.”可以推出改词是“艺术品”Sa

23、dly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then

24、threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.（2014 全国卷）25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons _.A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution解析：猜词题. 根据文章第三段3、4行there was an ever-lasting supply and killed t

25、hem by the thousands, Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.可知很多鸽子都被捕捉并杀死卖往餐厅。所以该词应该是指鸽子遇见了毁灭性的打击。故B正确。 5、观点态度题态度观点题：（1）.看提问判题型。（2）.看材料原文，判定文体。（3）.看选项进行比对。一个是用选项和材料进行对比，一个是

26、四个选项之间进行对比。How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because whi

27、le all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progr

28、ess, and stay the same when we could be improving.（2014 全国卷）30. What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. Tolerant.B. Doubtful.C. Respectful.D. Supportive.解析：根据第三段The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we

29、take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.说明作者对于专家有怀疑，因为我们最后采取的行动较少，取得的进步也小。故B正确。三、阅读理解预测：根据近年的阅读理解出题趋势我们大胆的预测，题目难度上一如既往的保持稳定，属于中等难度。体裁上还是记叙文，说明文，议论文，和应用文。题材上，和学生息息相关的话题。第二部分： 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 AThe Great Barn Adventur

30、eOne morning when I was 11, I explored the towns abandoned round grain barn（谷仓）. I found a chained sliding door that was wide enough for me to pass through.Inside, there was a heavy smell of dead mice in the dark. After my eyes adjusted, I noticed a shaft (升降机井) that rose all the way to the top of t

31、he barn. On one side was a one-man elevator with a long rope and roller.I stepped onto the platform and gave the rope a drag and the elevator began sliding up the shaft, but stopped halfway. After a brief panic attack, I noticed holes in the wall at regular intervals, forming a ladder. For reasons k

32、nown only to an 11-year-old, I decided it would be better to go up than down. So, with shaking hands, I began climbing the wall.After what seemed like forever, I reached the top of the shaft. I stood up, dusted myself off and found absolutely nothing of interest. It was just an empty room with a lad

33、der leading up to the roof. I climbed all the way up here for this? Then I noticed a fire extinguisher（灭火器）,which Id always wanted to shoot off. So this was the chance of a lifetime. I tried it, and, much to my surprise, the thing worked! It shot out a thick cloud of powder that instantly filled the

34、 room. I couldnt breathe. I was going to choke to death, and theyd probably never even find my body.Luckily, I remembered the ladder to the roof. I climbed up, popped the straw roof and saw a bright blue sky. I suddenly realized the dust and powder pouring out of the top could draw attention. So whe

35、n the dust had settled, I climbed down and slipped out of the chained door. Im not sure if I was more excited about being alive or about not being caught, but I ran all the way back home. 21. When the author got inside the barn, he _.A. noticed a man on the elevatorB. opened the chained sliding door

36、C. saw many dead mice in the darkD. found a shaft leading to the top22. Which of the following is the right order of the authors adventure?a. The elevator stopped halfway.b. He entered the round grain barn.c. He climbed to the top of the shaft.d. He found a fire extinguisher and shot it off.A. b-a-c

37、-d B. a-c-b-d C. c-a-d-b D. b-c-a-d23. After getting out of the chained door, the author might feel _.A. inspired B. relieved C. surprised D. disappointed24. From the passage, we can learn that the author was probably a boy full of _.A. passions B. dreams C. curiosity D. imagination BEvening Worksho

38、psOptional evening workshops will be held at small restaurants or other meeting places near the conference hotel. Meals and other costs are not included but are also optional. Locations will be announced at the conference site. Workshops are very loosely organized and most represent discussions that

39、 have been held at Society for Economic Botany (SEB) meetings over a series of years. Workshop 1: Student NetworkDateWednesday evening, Feb. 5thChairsHugo de Boer and Arika VirapongseSponsorSociety for Economic BotanyDescriptionStudent members of the SEB hold a networking mixer each year in order to

40、 meet each other and to become familiar with a variety of educational programs and faculty advisors(大学指导老师). Faculty members who are part of training programs are encouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students.Workshop 2: Botanical Film Making Date Wednesday evening, Feb. 5thChair David

41、 StrauchSponsor University of HawaiiDescription Digital film making is a particularly useful tool of linking cultural information to recognizable plants. This workshop is aimed towards increasing the quality of material recorded by giving participants greater control over the medium. We will cover t

42、echnical aspects (e.g. camera settings, audio), technical aspects (framing, lighting, focus), and some ways of presenting the material. Experienced filmmakers are encouraged to attend, and participants are welcome to bring their own camera equipment. Workshop 3: Collections for Botany Collections De

43、velopment and ManagementDateFriday evening, Feb. 7th ChairJan Salick SponsorSociety for Economic Botany DescriptionSEB is a network of researchers who have been developing standards for the development of collections of artifacts, plant samples and related materials. Participants discuss successes,

44、problems, and funding sources for solving management issues. 25. One of the purposes of a networking mixer held each year is to _. A. provide students with greater control over the media B. link cultural information to recognizable plants C. help the students to deal with most of the environment iss

45、ues D. help the students to be familiar with educational programs26. Which of the following is true according to the poster? A. Evening workshops will be held at small restaurants with meals included. B. Participants have more than one option on Feb.5th than another night. C. Workshops have nothing

46、to do with the discussions held at SEB meetings. D. Faculty advisers can join the mixer without training experience.27. You are a college student, interested in plants and good at taking TV pictures. Which of the Evening Workshops is most suitable for you? A. Botanical Film Making.B. Collections for

47、 Botany. C. Student Network.D. Society for Economic Botany.CThe extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwes capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆). Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy

48、when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The buildingthe countrys largest commercial and shopping complexuses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgates owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building becaus

49、e an air-conditioning equipment didnt have to be imported.The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office t

50、hrough baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys. During summers cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air a

51、n hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents. This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature changesdays as wa

52、rm as 31 commonly drop to 14 at night. “You couldnt do this in New York, with its hot summers and cold winters,” Pearce said. The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23 and 25, with the e

53、xception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is freshfar more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled. 28. Why was Eastgate cheaper

54、 to be built than a conventional building? A. It was designed in a smaller size. B. No air conditioners were fixed in. C. Its heating system was less advanced.D. It used rather different building materials.29. What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?A. Fresh air from outside.B. Heat in the building.C

55、. Hollow space.D. Baseboard vent. 30. Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in New York?A. New York has less clear skies as Harare.B. Its dampness affects the circulation of air.C. New York covers a larger area than Harare.D. Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.31.

56、 The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgates temperature control system_.A. allows a wide range of temperatures B. functions well for most of the yearC. can recycle up to 30% of the airD. works better in hot seasonsDMen are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity (名人

57、) chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver, according to a report from Oxford University.  The effect of the celebrity role models, who have given cooking a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961.According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny, who runs the Centre for Time Research at Oxford, men now spend more th