动词时态的讲解和练习

1、北京四中撰稿老师：黄 浩 编审老师：蔡正礼 责任编辑：丁 华动词时态的讲解和练习一、中考对动词的知识要求中考对动词的考查主要集中在：1掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）3、掌握系动词 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；4、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；5、掌握助动词 be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；6、掌握情态动词 can

2、, must, n eed, may等基本句型结构及主要用法；7、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法；8、了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法；9、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则；10、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语的基本用法；11、了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。二、动词考察点分项说明：（一）掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;1动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：动词特征殳化例词般动词同尾加-£look- leaks find- finds以比呂池sh或o结尾词尾加占|watch- w

3、atches, push- pushes以饰音宇圏+严结尾变y黃）1再加-esfly- flies, apply- applies2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成:规则动词的变化：规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。爾词待征例词1股动词同尾加-血look- looked, looked词尾加-吐live- lived, lived以“桶音宇母+广 结尾变卩为i,再加刼cairy* carried, carried以重逮闭音节或r音节结屋.目末屋一只有一个辅音字璟stop- stopped, stopped不规则动词的变化。（略）3、动词的现在分词的构成：动词特征1例词卜股动词直揍加-

4、mglook-looking wartch- watching以亡结尾去巳加-ingcome-匸timing move- mouing怦堇读囲音节或r音节结屋，且末尾貝有一个清音字 母先双与谨辅目字母，再iJO-ingswim- swmuniiiguni' running以ie结亀且为盧读开音节变止加y再加ingdie-dying lie-lymg（二）掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将 来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）1、一般现在时 一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与always, usually, often,so

5、metimes, every day （week, mon th）等连用；表示现在的事实或状态；表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。 一般现在时的构成：一般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加-s或-es。She likes biology very much.她非常喜欢生物。They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。2、一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday,last week, two hours ago 等连用；表示过去一段时间经常或

6、反复发生的动作，这时可与频度副词 often, usually, always 等连用；表示过去发生的一连串动作，以及在时间和条件状语从 句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 一般过去时的构成：一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。We met each other on the street yesterday. 我们昨天在街上碰见了。She often went swimming last year. 她去年经常去游泳。They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。Ma

7、ry told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。3、一般将来时 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如n ext m on th,tomorrow, in a week, soon 等连用。 一般将来时的构成：1）一般将来时由 “助动词 will/shall+ 动词原形 ”构成。其中 shall 主要用于主语是第一人称（ I 和 we ）的疑问句中。2）也可以用“ be going to动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情， 或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某

8、件事情等。They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他们下周二将举行班会。We shall meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校大门口见。It is going to rain. 要下雨了。4、现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常与now, at present, at this moment等连用;或与 these days, this week/month 等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与 always, continually, forever 等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时

9、，表达说话人强烈的 感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：He is always asking such silly questions. 他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。现在进行时的构成： 现在进行时由 “ be (am/is/are) +V-ing ”构成。They are watching TV now. 他们正在看电视。The dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃饭。5、过去进行时 过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同，只不过参照的时间基准点不同。过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如： then, at that time, at

10、 eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in 等。 过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似，只不过把be (am, is, are)变为过去式(was, were)They were watching TV at that time. 他们那会正在看电视。The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。6、现在完成时 表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在，常与already, just, yet等副词连用；或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常与for

11、或since引导的一段时间状语连用。 现在完成时由助动词“have/has过去分词"构成。He has already come back. 他已经回来了。(三) 掌握系动词 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；常见的连系动词有： become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall 等。它们后面常 接形容词，构成系表结构。Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室的干净。The bread looks very

12、 fresh. 这些面包看上去很新鲜。(四) 了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同，只是把will, shall变为过去式 would, should，把助动词be的过去式变为过去 式 was 或 were 而已。如：They were going to have a meeting. 他们曾打算开会。过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。 与现在完成的用 法相同， 只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同， 现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点， 而过 去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准

13、点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作， 即“过去的过去 ”，常 by, before 引导的时间状语连用。如：By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.到爱迪生 10 岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years. 她说她已在那所医院工作 20 年了。(五) 掌握助动词 be, do, have, shall, will 的基本用法；助动词是 “辅助性 ”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示

14、不 同的时态，语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：(1) be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去 分词结合构成被动语态。I'm looking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔。(现在进行时)These cups are made in China. 这些杯子是中国制造的。(被动语态)(2) have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。They have known each other for twenty years.他们互相认识有二十年了。(现在完成时)He h

15、ad built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。(过去完成时)( 3)do (does, did) 助动词 do 后只能跟动词原形，与 not 及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置 于主语之前构成疑问句。He does not speak En glish.他不说英语。When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的？( 4) will (would), shall (should) will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后； would 是 will 的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面

16、都接动词原形。I was sure we would wi n. 我确信我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。I told them that I should do the work alo ne. 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。三、链接中考1. （2008 南京）Did you see a girl in white pass by

17、just now?No, sir. Ia n ewspaper.A. read B. was readi ng C. would read D. am readi ng.答案：B【解析】此题考查的是过去进行时态。根据题意：我在那个时候正在看报，是过去 进行时。故选B。2. （2008 河北）How's Annie? Iher for a long time.A. don't see B. won't see C. did n't see D. have n't see n答案：D【解析】此题考查的是现在完成时态。“for a long time用于现在完

18、成时态中，故选D。3. （2008 杭州）Happ in ess _in her gra ndfather's eyes every time he hears her voice.A. shines B. is shone C. Has shone D. was shone答案：A【解析】此题考查的是一般现在时。根据句意每次听到他的声音，她的眼睛里闪烁着幸福”，所以用一般现在时。故选A。4. （2008 河南）Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhan g's office.rm afraid hehis work yet.A. does

19、n't finish B. did n't finish C. has n't fini shed D. won't finish答案：C【解析】考查动词时态。本题出现了yet通常用于现在完成时。我恐怕他也不能完成工作。故选C。5. (2008 福建三明)The grand buildingsin two years.A. were built B. are built C. will be built答案：C【解析】此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态。“in 一段时间”用于一般将来时中,又句子的主语是物，所以用被动语态。故选 C。6. (2008 湖北咸宁)一S

20、ome of the plastic bags can'tafter June1.Yes, people will use environmental bags instead.A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used答案：C【解析】此题考查的是含有情态动词的被动语态。根据句子的主语是物，可推知用 被动语态，又句子中有情态动词 can't, 故选 C。四、分类训练I、适当形式填空现在进行时1. Look! The bus ( come)2. 一 What are the students doing?They (watch) a baske

21、tball match on the playgro und.3. Listen! Someone ( cry) in the room.4. Wei Fang is ill. She ( stay) in bed now.5. What they (do) now?They ( climb ) the hill.一般现在时1. Tom often(watch) TV on Saturday?Yes, he .2. Li Fang (be) good at maths.3. He usually ( watch) TV in the evening.4. My sister （not like

22、 ） swimming.5. They often （ play ） football after school.一般将来时1. I don't know whether Mother me to Beijing next month. （ take）2. I （write ） to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.3. I don't think that it （ rain） tomorrow.4. They （ build ） a new bridge over the river next year.5. The students（ c

23、lean） their classroom tomorrow.一般过去时1. She on her coat and went out. （ put）2. When they （ reach the station, the train had already left.3. The story （ happen） long ago.4. He （ not do） his homework last night.5. The scientist （ give ） us a talk yesterday.过去进行时1. The twins （ dig ） a hole for a young t

24、ree at that time yesterday.2. It （ rain） outside then. He had to take the raincoat with him.3. They （ do） their lessons at eight yesterday evening.4. Mr. Black （ talk ）with my mother when I saw him.5. The children （ watch ）TV at seven last night.6. His aunt （ do）some cooking when he came in.7. He （d

25、o） his homework at eight yesterday.8. When his teacher came, he （talk ） with his classmates.9. It was twelve o'clock at night. Mr. Li still （ work ） in the tab.10. he （ do） his homework at eight last night?11. He （ mend） his motorbike when I saw him.12. John and his sister （pick ）apples in the g

26、arden when we went to visit themthis morning.13. Who knocked at the door when I （ sleep） ?14. What you （ do） from eight to ten yesterday morning?15. He （ lie ） in bed when I came into the room.现在完成时1. Wei Fang isn't here. She （ go） to the reading room.2. Zhang Hong （ make） many friends since she

27、 came to Paris.3. She （ work ） in this factory for ten years.4. They （ not hear） from each other since 1995.5. you （finish ） your homework yet? No, not yet.6. Where is Jim?He （ go） to Canada.7. How long you （ be） at this school?8. I （ have） breakfast already.9. She （ study） English for three years.1

28、0. I never （ see） such a wonderful match before.参考答案： 现在进行时：1. is coming 2. are watching 3. is crying 4. is staying 5. are doing, are climbing般现在时1. Does, watch, does, 2. is 3. watches4. doesn't like 5. play 一般将来时1. will take 2. will write 3. will rain4. will build 5. will clean 一般过去时1. put 2. r

29、eached 3. happened4. didn't do 5. gave过去进行时1. were digging 2. was raining 3. were doing4. was talking 5. were watching 6. was doing7. was doing 8. was talking 9. was, working10. was, doing 11. was mending 12. were picking13. was sleeping 14. were, doing 15. was lying 现在完成时1. has gone 2. has made

30、 3. has worked4. haven't heard 5. have, finished 6. has gone7. have, been 8. have had 9. has studied10. have, seenn、单选选择现在进行时A. Are, do B. Do, do C. Will, do D. Are, doing2. Look, they a good time.A. has B. have C. are having D. had3. I can't find my pen. Can I use yours? Sorry, I it now.A.

31、am using B. was using C. have used D. used4. you to the radio? No, you can turn it off.A. Did, listen B. Have, listened C. Do, listen D. Are, listening5. Look! Some children games on the playground.A. is playing B. are playing C. are played D. is going to play6. Don't go out now. It hard.A. will

32、 rain B. is rains C. is raining D. raining7. Don't make any noise. The teachers a meeting.A. are having B. is having C. have D. will have8. I must go now. Li Lei for me at the school gate.A. wait B. waiting C. is waiting D. waits9. It's eight o'clock. The students an English class.A. hav

33、e B. having C. is having D. are having10. Listen! Someone in the next room.A. sings B. is singing C. are singing D. is sing一般现在时1. Jim usually up at five.A. get B. got C. is getting D. gets2. he himself there? No, I don't think so.A. Do, enjoy B. Does, enjoies C. Does, enjoys D. Does, enjoy3. He

34、 usually TV on Sunday evening.A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching4. He often school on foot.A. goes B. go to C. go D. goes to5. Mike TV twice a week.A. watch B. watches C. watched D. has watched6. I'll go with you as soon as I my work.A. will finish B. finished C. finish D. would fini

35、sh7. He will do better in English if he harder.A. will work B. works C. working D. work8. The supermarket is far from Lily's house. So she only once a week.A. goes shopping B. has been there C. was shopping D. has gone there9. Ask him if he to the party. If he , let me know.A. comes; comes B. wi

36、ll come; comesC. comes, will come D. will come; will come10. What did the teacher say just now? He said that the earth round the sun.A. go B. goes C. going D. will go11. She will have a holiday as soon as she the work next week.A. finishes B. doesn't finish C. will finish D. won't finishA. D

37、oes, does B. Do, does C. Does, do D. Do, do13. Tom to work hard to help his family?Yes, he .A. Has, X, does B. Has, X, doesC. Does, has, has D. Does, have, does14. Mr. Black often fishing on Sundays.A. go B. goes C. don't go D. isn't go15. We don't go to play with snow if it tomorrow.A.

38、snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed16. Neither I nor he French.A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak17. your father usually go to work early every day?A. Was B. Were C. Do D. Does18. you English every morning?A. Are, read B. Do, read C. Does, read D. Are, reading19. I will gi

39、ve the note to him as soon as he back.A. get B. gets C. got D. will get20. The students will go to the Great Wall if it tomorrow.A. isn't rain B. doesn't rain C. don't rain D. rain一般将来时1. They a basketball match next Sunday.A. watch B. will watchC. watched D. are watching2. The Greens ba

40、ck in a week.A. is B. are C. will be D. was3. There a party tonight.A. will have B. is going to beC. is going to have D. was going to be4. Don't hurry! We can get to the bus station in time and we the early bus.A. don't miss B. can miss C. will miss D. won't miss5. We a class meeting thi

41、s November.A. had B. have C. will have D. are having6. He in his garden every morning next year.A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working7. Be careful. The train A. will come B. come C. comes D. is coming8. Look at those clouds. It soon, I'm afraid.A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will r

42、ain D. won't rain9. The radio says it the day after tomorrow.A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows10. he some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?A. Will, does B. Is, going to do C. Is, doing D. Shall, do一般过去时1. We a football match three weeks ago.A. have B. will have C. had D. are ha

43、ving2. Our teacher English on the radio the day before yesterday.A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught3. you out for a walk after supper?Yes, I .A. Did, went, went B. Did, go, went C. Did, went, did D. Did, go, did4. Tom and Jim in the classroom just now?A. Was B. Are C. Were D. Is5. When

44、 I her in the hall, she was playing the piano.A. see B. saw C. will see D. am seeing6. He turned off the lights and then the classroom.A. leaves B. will leave C. is leaving D. left7. a sports meeting last Sunday ? Yes, they.A. Did they have, did B. Did they have, hadC. Had they, had D. Had they, did

45、8. Mr. King China last year.A. visit B. visited C visits D. visiting9. Our headmaster here a moment ago.A. is B. was C. are D. were10. They the lost child last night.A. finded B. finds C. found D. find 过去进行时1. I a letter at nine last night.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing2. What y

46、ou about when the teacher came into the classroom?A. are, talking B. are, talkC. were, talk D. were, talking3. I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. Oh, I am sorry. I dinner at my friend's home.A. have B. had C. was having D. have had4. Li Ping his bike at this time yesterday.

47、A. would mend B. has mendedC. was mending D. mended5. “What you at noon yesterday? ”“ I the clothes. ”A. were, doing, was washingB. are, doing, was washingC. did, do, am washingD. do, do, washing6. The teacher and writer doing morning exercises this time yesterday.A. is B. was C. are D. were7. When

48、we got to the small village at the foot of mountain, it hard.A. is raining B. rained C. was raining D. were raining8. Mrs. Black with my mother when I saw her an hour ago.A. talks B. was talkingC. has talked D. is talking9. What were you doing last night?I an interesting novel.A. am looking B. was l

49、ookingC. am reading D. was reading10. What was Sasha doing when Misha knocked at the door?A. Yes, he was cooking. B. He is watching TV.C. No, he isn't in. D. He was writing a letter.现在完成时1. I in Beijing since 1956.A. will live B. live C. have lived D. lived2. Mr. Li in Shanghai since he was born

50、.A. lived B. lives C. has lived D. will live3. Where is Mr. Li? He to London.A. has gone B. went C. will go D. go4. He from Beijing for three years.A. has been away B. has goneC. has left D. has come5. Lucy, you your ticket? Not yet.A. did; find B. have; foundC. has; found D. do; find6. I the pen fo

51、r two weeks.A. have bought B. have borrowedC. have had D. have lent7. How long have you the book? For two weeks.A. borrowed B. keptC. lent D. bought8. How many times you to Beijing this year? Three times.A. have; been B. had; beenC. have; gone D. had; gone9. I to Shanghai three times.A. have gone B.

52、 have beenC. went D. go10. Wang Hai his homework and now he is watching TV.A. has finished B. finishedC. will finish D. finishes11. The Green family London for nearly two years.They all miss their hometown very much.A. left B. will leaveC. have left D. have been away from12. Her grandparents for ten

53、 years.A. died B. have diedC. were dead D. have been dead13. How long have you the motorbike? For about two weeks.A. bought B. hadC. borrowed D. lent14. My uncle Beijing last week. He away for a week.A. left, has left B. will leave, has beenC. left, has been D. left, was15. you ever to the United St

54、ates? Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, beenC. Do, go D. Were, going16. Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS! Sorry, I it.A. don't see B. didn't seeC. haven't seen D. won't see17. The English teacher isn't here. She to the office.A. has been B. has goneC. would go D. went18. “ H

55、ow long has Jim ?” “ For about eight weeks.”A. gone away B. left homeC. been away D. returned home19. Mr. Brown many friends since he came to China.A. has made B. has makeC. makes D. is going to make20. “ you a new dictionary? ” “ Not yet.A. Has, buy B. Has, boughtC. Did, buy D. Have, bought 参考答案：现在

56、进行时：15 DCADB 6 10 CACDB一般现在时：15 DDBDB 6 10 CBABB 11 15 ACDBB 16 20 CDBBB一般将来时：15 BCBDC 6 10 ADACB一般过去时：15 CBDCB 6 10 DABBC过去进行时：15 BDCCA 6 10 BCBDD现在完成时：15 CCAAB 6 10 CBABA 11 15 DDBCB 16 20 CBCAD川、综合习题精选1. His father any wash ing in the morning.A. does n't do B. does n't C. does n't does D. does n't does2. I 1000 En glish words by the end of last term.A. have lear ned B. had lear ned